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Table 6.1 - Washer Requirements

This document provides requirements for washer types and thicknesses required for bolted joints with oversized and slotted holes based on bolt diameter and material. For ASTM A325 or F1852 bolts up to 1-1/2 inches, a 5/16-inch thick ASTM F436 washer is required for oversized holes, while a continuous barb or 5/16-inch thick structural grade plate is required for short-slotted holes. For ASTM A490 bolts over 1 inch, a 5/16-inch thick ASTM F436 washer with a 3/8-inch thick structural grade plate washer or continuous barb is required.

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750 views1 page

Table 6.1 - Washer Requirements

This document provides requirements for washer types and thicknesses required for bolted joints with oversized and slotted holes based on bolt diameter and material. For ASTM A325 or F1852 bolts up to 1-1/2 inches, a 5/16-inch thick ASTM F436 washer is required for oversized holes, while a continuous barb or 5/16-inch thick structural grade plate is required for short-slotted holes. For ASTM A490 bolts over 1 inch, a 5/16-inch thick ASTM F436 washer with a 3/8-inch thick structural grade plate washer or continuous barb is required.

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Upadrasta Harish
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© © All Rights Reserved
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41

Table 6.1. Washer Requirements for Bolted Joints with


Oversized and Slotted Holes in the Outer Ply

Nominal Hole Type in Outer Ply


ASTM Bolt
Designation Diameter, Oversized Short-Slotted Long-Slotted
db, in.
A325 or 5/16-in.-thick plate
F1852
½-1½ a
ASTM F436 washer or
”1 continuous barb, c

ASTM F436 washer


A490 with either a 3/8-in.-
ASTM F436 with 5/16 in.
>1 thickness
b, d thick structural
grade plate washer
or continuous barb
a
This requirement shall not apply to heads of round head tension-control bolt
assemblies that meet the requirements in Section 2.7 and provide a bearing circle
diameter that meets the requirements of ASTM F1852.
b
Multiple washers with a combined thickness of 5/16 in. or larger do not satisfy this
requirement.
c
The plate washer or bar shall be of structural-grade steel material, but need not be
hardened.
d
Alternatively, a 3/8-in.-thick plate washer and an ordinary thickness F436 washer
may be used. The plate washer need not be hardened.

Commentary:
It is important that shop drawings and connection details clearly reflect the number and
disposition of washers when they are required, especially the thick hardened washers or
plate washers that are required for some slotted hole applications. The total thickness of
washers in the grip affects the length of bolt that must be supplied and used.
The primary function of washers is to provide a hardened non-galling surface
under the turned element, particularly for torque-based pretensioning methods such as the
calibrated wrench pretensioning method and twist-off-type tension-control bolt
pretensioning method. Circular flat washers that meet the requirements of ASTM F436
provide both a hardened non-galling surface and an increase in bearing area that is
approximately 50 percent larger than that provided by a heavy-hex bolt head or nut.
However, tests have shown that washers of the standard 5/32 in. thickness have a minor
influence on the pressure distribution of the induced bolt pretension. Furthermore, they
showed that a larger thickness is required when ASTM A490 bolts are used with material
that has a minimum specified yield strength that is less than 40 ksi. This is necessary to
mitigate the effects of local yielding of the material in the vicinity of the contact area of
the head and nut. The requirement for standard thickness hardened washers, when such
washers are specified, is waived for alternative design fasteners that incorporate a bearing
surface under the head of the same diameter as the hardened washer.
Heat-treated washers not less than 5/16 in. thick are required to cover over-
sized and short-slotted holes in external plies, when ASTM A490 bolts of diameter larger
than 1 in. are used, except per footnote d. This was found necessary to distribute the high
clamping pressure so as to prevent collapse of the hole perimeter and enable the devel-
opment of the desired clamping force. Preliminary investigation has shown that a similar but
Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts, June 30, 2004
RESEARCH COUNCIL ON STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS

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