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Zacharias Janssen: Van Leeuwenhoek

1. Zacharias Janssen is believed to be the first to invent the compound microscope in the 1590s, though his father Hans likely played a role in its creation. 2. Robert Hooke first discovered and named the cell in 1665 after observing cork cells under a microscope. 3. In 1674, Van Leeuwenhoek discovered protozoa and improved the microscope, laying the foundations for microbiology by studying various cell structures.

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Charl Barangan
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28 views

Zacharias Janssen: Van Leeuwenhoek

1. Zacharias Janssen is believed to be the first to invent the compound microscope in the 1590s, though his father Hans likely played a role in its creation. 2. Robert Hooke first discovered and named the cell in 1665 after observing cork cells under a microscope. 3. In 1674, Van Leeuwenhoek discovered protozoa and improved the microscope, laying the foundations for microbiology by studying various cell structures.

Uploaded by

Charl Barangan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Zacharias Janssen

Is generally believed to be the first investigator to


invent the compound microscope. However,
because the accomplishment is generally agreed
among historians to be dated in the 1590s, most 1595
scholars believe that his father, Hans, must have
played an important role in the creation of the
instrument.

Robert Hooke
The cell was first discovered and named
by Robert Hooke in 1665. He remarked that it
looked strangely like cellula or small rooms which
monks inhabited, thus deriving the name.
1655
However what Hooke saw was the dead cell walls
of plant cells (cork) as it appeared under the
microscope.

Van Leeuwenhoek
Van Leeuwenhoek discovered "protozoa" - the
single-celled organisms and he called them
"animalcules". He also improved the microscope
and laid foundation for microbiology. He is often
1674
cited as the first microbiologist to study muscle
fibers, bacteria, spermatozoa and blood flow in
capillaries.

Robert Brown
In the year 1833 a further insight into the nature of
the ultimate particles of plants was gained through
the observation of the English microscopist Robert
Brown, who, in the course of his microscopic
1833
studies of the epidermis of orchids, discovered in
the cells "an opaque spot," which he named the
nucleus.
Matthias Jakob Schleiden
A German botanist who, with Theodor Schwann,
cofounded the cell theory. In 1838 Schleiden
defined the cell as the basic unit of plant structure,
and a year later Schwann defined the cell as the
1838
basic unit of animal structure. Schleiden and
Schwann articulated their observations as a
unified theory—the cell theory—in 1839.

Albrecht von Roelliker


Realized that sperm cells and egg cells are also
cells. This contributes to cell theory because
later, instead of spontaneous generation, they'll
1840
discover that sperm and egg cells are needed to
reproduce other livings things you do not use a
formula.

Nathanael Pringsheim
Observed how a sperm cell penetrated an egg.
Belonged to that group of young German botanists
—including Ferdinand Cohn, Hofmeister, and Mohl
—who revolutionized the science during the 1856
middle years of the nineteenth century by shifting
attention from collection and taxonomy to the
dynamics of cell development and life history.
Rudolf Carl Virchow
Rudolf Carl Virchow lived in nineteenth
century Prussia, now Germany, and proposed
that omnis cellula e cellula, which translates to
each cell comes from another cell, and which
1858
became a fundamental concept for cell theory.

Rudolf Albert von Kölliker


In 1857, Swiss histologist and embryologist Rudolf
Albert von Kölliker (1817–1905) first described
“sarcosomes” (now called mitochondria) in muscle
1857
cells. The word mitochondrion (derived from
Greek for “threadlike granule”) was first used in
1898; by 1948, the first functionally active
mitochondria were isolated.

Alexander Fleming
Flemming observed cell division in salamander
embryos, where cells divide at fixed intervals. He
developed a way to stain chromosomes to
1879
observe them clearly.

Siemens
In 1939, Siemens produced its first commercial
transmission electron microscope, called the
“Hypermicroscope.” It resembled markedly the 1939
later, wide-spread model called “Elmiskop I.” The
new instrument was applied around 1938 to the
study of bacteria and the mouse ectromelia virus,
a member of the Poxviridae family.
Gey and Coworkers
Since the establishment of HeLa cells as the first
immortal human cell line in 1952 (Gey et al.,
1952), continuous cell lines have become widely 1952
used as indispensable and inexpensive tools for
basic biological research, chemical metabolism
and toxicity tests, and production of biological
compounds such as vaccines.

Matthew Meselson
Density gradient centrifugation enables
scientists to separate substances based on
size, shape, and density. Meselson and Stahl
invented a specific type of density gradient
1957
centrifugation, called isopycnic centrifugation
that used a solution of cesium chloride to
separate DNA molecules based on density
alone.

Hamilton and Baulcombe


siRNAs and their role in post-transcriptional gene
silencing (PTGS) were discovered in plants
by David Baulcombe's group at the Sainsbury
1999
Laboratory in Norwich, England and reported in
Science in 1999. Thomas Tuschl and colleagues
soon reported in Nature that synthetic siRNAs
could induce RNAi in mammalian cells.

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