Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
DIVISION OF CAVITE
CAVITE SCIENCE INTEGRATED SCHOOL
(Regional Science High School)
Garita B, Maragondon, Cavite

Learning Area BASIC CALCULUS Grade Level Grade 11 – STEM

W4
Quarter Fourth Quarter Date May 19-20, 2022

I. LESSON TITLE SITUATIONAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING EXPONENTIAL GROWTH AND

DECAY
II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING  Solve situational problems involving exponential growth and
COMPETENCIES (MELCs) decay
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT  Antidifferentiation by Separation of Variables
 Solving problems involving population growth and radioactive
decay

Suggested
Learning Activities
Time frame

A. Introduction
Panimula 20
ANTIDERIVATIVES AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
minutes
The derivative is considered as the rate of change of a function. For
𝑑𝑦
example, if we get the derivative of the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 1 to obtain 𝑑𝑥 =
3𝑥 2 , we are describing the rate of change of y with respect to x. If instead we
𝑑𝑦
are given the equation, 𝑑𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 5, we can work backward from the
𝑑𝑦
derivative to the original function by antidifferentiation. The equations, =
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
3𝑥 2 and 𝑑𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 5 , are examples of differential equation.
A differential equation (DE) is an equation which gives information
about the rate of change of an unknown function. The simplest kind of
𝑑𝑦
differential equation has the form = 𝑓(𝑥).
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
The general solution of the equation 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥) is 𝑦 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 and
where ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹 (𝑥) + 𝐶 with 𝐹 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥). This is a set of solutions
which belong to a family of functions or relations. To find the particular
solution of a differential equation, we determine the value of C by using a
point on a curve. You may recall the process of finding the general and
particular antiderivatives of a function in Problems Involving Antiderivatives
(Week 3 LeaP, pp.9-10).

LEARNING TASK 1
Find the general and particular solutions of each differential equation.
1) 𝑑𝑦
= 6𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 ; 𝑦 = 10 when 𝑥 = −2
𝑑𝑥
2) 𝑑𝑃
= 10𝑒 𝑡 ; 𝑃(0) = 25
𝑑𝑡
3) 𝑑𝑤
= 4√𝑟 ; 𝑤(9) = 20
𝑑𝑟

1
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
DIVISION OF CAVITE
CAVITE SCIENCE INTEGRATED SCHOOL
(Regional Science High School)
Garita B, Maragondon, Cavite

B. Development 30 SOLVING DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS BY SEPARATION OF VARIABLES

Pagpapaunlad minutes
𝑑𝑦 3𝑥
Suppose, for example, that y is a function of x such that 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑦
.
We cannot simply integrate both sides since the right side involves both
variables 𝑥 and 𝑦. The differential equation is of the form
𝑑𝑦 𝑓(𝑥)
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑦)

Here, the left-hand side of the equation is the quotient of differentials while
the right-hand side is the quotient of two functions where 𝑔(𝑦) is a
continuous function of 𝑦 alone and 𝑓(𝑥) is a continuous function of 𝑥 alone.
To solve the differential equation, we use the method of separation of
variables.
𝑔(𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

In this form, all terms involving 𝑦 (including 𝑑𝑦) are on one side of the
equation, and all terms involving 𝑥 (and 𝑑𝑥) are on the other side. Such a
differential equation is said to be separable, since the variables can be
separated.

Below are examples of DE that are separable.

Original Differential Equation Rewritten with Variables

Separated
𝑑𝑦 3𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 5𝑦𝑑𝑦 = (3 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 =3
𝑑𝑥
′
2𝑥𝑦 = 5 5
2𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

A separable differential equation may be solved by integrating each side of

the equation after separating the variables.

In many applications, we will be interested in finding a particular solution that

satisfies the initial condition. The value of the constant C in the general
solution must then be selected so that this initial condition is satisfied; that is,
so that the solution curve (from the family of solution curves) passes through
(𝑥0 , 𝑦0 ) which may also be denoted by 𝑦(𝑥0 ) = 𝑦0

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
DIVISION OF CAVITE
CAVITE SCIENCE INTEGRATED SCHOOL
(Regional Science High School)
Garita B, Maragondon, Cavite

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:

𝒅𝒚 𝟑𝒙
Example 1: Find the general solution of 𝒅𝒙
= 𝒚
.
𝑑𝑦 3𝑥 Given
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑦
𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑑𝑥 Separating the variables

∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 3𝑥𝑑𝑥 Getting the integral or antiderivative of

𝑦 2
3𝑥 2 each side of the equation
+ 𝐶1 = + 𝐶2 (C1 and C2 are constants of integration.)
2 2
𝑦 2 3𝑥 2 Rearranging the terms to combine the
= + 𝐶2 − 𝐶1 constants of integration
2 2
𝑦 2 3𝑥 2 Letting C2 – C1 be equal to C to shorten
= +𝐶 the notation
2 2
𝒅𝒚 𝟑𝒙 𝒚𝟐 𝟑𝒙𝟐
The general solution of 𝒅𝒙
= 𝒚
is 𝟐
= 𝟐
+ 𝑪.

𝒅𝒚
Example 2: Find the general solution of 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟑.
𝒅𝒙

𝑑𝑦 Given
𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 =3
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 Separating the variables
5𝑦 = 3 − 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥
5𝑦𝑑𝑦 = (3 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
Getting the integral or antiderivative of
∫ 5𝑦𝑑𝑦 = ∫(3 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
each side of the equation
5𝑦 2 𝑥3 (The constants C1 and C2 on each side of
= 3𝑥 − + 𝐶 integration are combined in this step to
2 3 make the workings shorter.)

𝒅𝒚 𝟓𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟑
The general solution of 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒚 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟑 is 𝟐
= 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟑
+𝑪

Example 3: Find the general solution of 𝟐𝒙𝒚′ = 𝟓.

2𝑥𝑦 ′ = 5 Given
𝑑𝑦 Rewriting y’ as dy/dx
2𝑥 =5
𝑑𝑥
5 Separating the variables
2𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

3
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
DIVISION OF CAVITE
CAVITE SCIENCE INTEGRATED SCHOOL
(Regional Science High School)
Garita B, Maragondon, Cavite

5
∫ 2𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 Getting the integral of both
1 sides
∫ 2𝑑𝑦 = 5 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

2𝑦 = 5 ln|𝑥| + 𝐶
The general solution of𝟐𝒙𝒚′ = 𝟓 is 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟓 𝐥𝐧|𝒙| + 𝑪

Example 4:
𝒅𝒚 𝟑𝒙
Find the particular solution of 𝒅𝒙
= 𝒚
given that when x = 6, y = -4.
𝑑𝑦 3𝑥 Given
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑦
𝑦 2 3𝑥 2 General solution (found in Ex.1)
= +𝐶
2 2
(−4)2 3(6)2 By substitution
= +𝐶
2 2
16 3(36) Simplifying
= +𝐶
2 2
8 = 54 + 𝐶
𝐶 = −46 Solving for C

𝒅𝒚 𝟑𝒙 𝒚𝟐 𝟑𝒙𝟐
The particular solution of 𝒅𝒙
= 𝒚
is 𝟐
= 𝟐
− 𝟒𝟔
or 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗𝟐.
𝟐

LEARNING TASK 2
30 minutes
Find the general solution of the following differential equations.
1) 𝑑𝑦
+ 2 = 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥
2) 𝑑𝑦 𝑥+1
=
𝑑𝑥 2𝑦 + 6

Find the particular solution of the following differential equations with the
given condition.
3) 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 , 𝑦 = 1 when 𝑥 = 3
𝑑𝑥
4) 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 3
= , 𝑦(2) = 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 2

4
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
DIVISION OF CAVITE
CAVITE SCIENCE INTEGRATED SCHOOL
(Regional Science High School)
Garita B, Maragondon, Cavite

APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

60 minutes Differential equations have been important in the physical sciences and
engineering for several centuries. More recently, they have been used in the
social sciences, life sciences, and economics to solve a variety of problems
involving population growth, biological balance, interest rates, and others.

EXPONENTIAL GROWTH AND DECAY

Exponential functions are characterized by continuous graphs which
increase or decrease without bound as x approaches infinity. Population
growth, for examples, if assumed to be without bound, can be modelled by an
exponential function on a restricted domain.
Exponent Growth Law
If the rate of change with respect to time 𝑡 of a quantity 𝑦 is
proportional to the amount present, then y satisfies the differential
equation
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑘𝑦
𝑑𝑡

The exponential growth law includes both the case where y is increasing and
𝑑𝑦
the case where y is decreasing or decaying. The differential equation = 𝑘𝑦
𝑑𝑡
is a separable differential equation and always leads to exponential growth
(if k > 0) or exponential decay (if k < 0).

To find the general solution of this differential equation for exponential

growth/decay, we use integration by separation of variables as follows:
𝑑𝑦 Given differential equation
= 𝑘𝑦
𝑑𝑡
1 Separating variables
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑘𝑑𝑡
𝑦
1
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑘𝑑𝑡 Integrating both sides of the equation
𝑦
ln|𝑦| = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝐶1
log 𝑒 |𝑦| = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝐶1 Rewriting ln as a logarithm with base e

|𝑦| = 𝑒 𝑘𝑥+𝐶1 Transforming logarithmic to exponential

equation by definition of logarithm
|𝑦| = 𝑒 𝑘𝑡 ∙ 𝑒 𝐶1 Applying the rules of exponents

|𝑦| = 𝐶2 𝑒 𝑘𝑡 Letting 𝑒 𝐶1 = 𝐶2 (e is also a constant)

𝑦 = ±𝐶2 𝑒 𝑘𝑡 Applying definition of absolute value

𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 𝑘𝑡 Letting ±𝐶2 = 𝐶

5
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
DIVISION OF CAVITE
CAVITE SCIENCE INTEGRATED SCHOOL
(Regional Science High School)
Garita B, Maragondon, Cavite

𝒅𝒚
Hence, the general solution to 𝒅𝒕 = 𝒌𝒚 is 𝒚 = 𝑪𝒆𝒌𝒕 where C is a
nonzero constant.
The equation 𝒚 = 𝑪𝒆𝒌𝒕 is a family of solutions and is a formula in
solving problems involving exponential growth and decay.

POPULATION GROWTH
Consider the human population of a region. If there is no emigration or
immigration, the rate at which the population is changing is often proportional
to the population. The larger the population, the faster it is growing.
In the absence of inhibiting conditions, a population 𝑦 (which might be
human, animal, etc) grows in such a way that the rate of change of population
y is proportional to the population at time 𝑡 ; that is, there is a constant k such
that
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑘𝑦
𝑑𝑡
The constant 𝑘 is called the growth rate of constant.
Based on the obtained solution of the given differential equation, the
population 𝑦 at time 𝑡 is given by 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 𝑘𝑡 or 𝒚 = 𝒚𝟎 𝒆𝒌𝒕 , where 𝑦0 is the
initial population, that is , at t = 0.

Sample Problem 1:
Initially, there are 5 million bacteria present in a petri dish. After 2 minutes,
there are already 20 million of them. If the bacterial population follows a law
of natural growth, how many bacteria should be present in the petri dish after
5 minutes?
Given:
Initial population is 5 million. (𝑦0 = 5)
Population is 20 million after 2 minutes. (𝑦 = 20 when 𝑡 = 2)
Required: population of bacteria after 5 minutes (𝑦 =? when 𝑡 = 5)
General Equation/Formula: 𝑦 = 𝑦0 𝑒 𝑘𝑡
Plan: Rewrite the formula so that only y and t are unknown, then use
the derived formula to solve for y given t = 5.
Workings:
𝑦 = 5𝑒 𝑘𝑡 Substitute 𝑦0 = 5 into 𝑦 = 𝑦0 𝑒 𝑘𝑡 .
20 = 5𝑒 2𝑘 Substitute 𝑦 = 20 when 𝑡 = 2.
4 = 𝑒 2𝑘 Divide both sides by 5.
2 Apply rule of exponents.
4= (𝑒 𝑘 )
1
Solve for 𝑒 𝑘 .
4 = 𝑒𝑘
2

𝑒𝑘 = 2

6
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
DIVISION OF CAVITE
CAVITE SCIENCE INTEGRATED SCHOOL
(Regional Science High School)
Garita B, Maragondon, Cavite

𝑦 = 5(2)𝑡 2
Substitute 𝑒 𝑘 = 2 into 𝑦 = 5(𝑒 𝑘 ) .
𝑦 = 5(2)5 = 160 Solve for 𝑦 when 𝑡 = 5.
Answer: Hence, there should be 160 million bacteria after 5 minutes.

Sample Problem 2:
Suppose that a colony of lice grows exponentially. After 1 day, 50 lice are
counted. After 3 days, 200 are counted. How many are there originally? What
is the exponential growth equation for the colony?

Given:
Population is 50 after 1 day . (𝑦 = 50 when 𝑡 = 1)
Population is 200 after 3 days. (𝑦 = 200 when 𝑡 = 3)

Required: Original population of lice (𝑦0 =? when 𝑡 = 0)

Particular exponential growth equation for the lice colony
General Exponential Equation/Formula: 𝑦 = 𝑦0 𝑒 𝑘𝑡
Plan: Write two equations using the formula, one for each given (𝑡, 𝑦).
Solve the simultaneous equations for the value of 𝑦0 and 𝑒 𝑘 or 𝑘.
Workings:
(eq.1) 50 = 𝑦0 𝑒 𝑘 Substitute t = 1 and y = 50 into 𝑦 = 𝑦0 𝑒 𝑘𝑡 .
(eq.2) 200 = 𝑦0 𝑒 3𝑘 Substitute t = 3 and y = 200.
200 𝑦0 𝑒 3𝑘 Solve simultaneous equations by dividing
= equation 2 by equation 1.
50 𝑦0 𝑒 𝑘
4 = 𝑒 2𝑘
2 Apply rule of exponents.
4 = (𝑒 𝑘 )
1
Solve for 𝑒 𝑘 .
4 = 𝑒𝑘
2

𝑒𝑘 = 2
(eq.1) 50 = 𝑦0 𝑒 𝑘 Solve for 𝑦0 using eq.1 and 𝑒 𝑘 = 2
50 = 𝑦0 (2)
𝑦0 = 25
𝑦 = 25(2)𝑡 Write the particular equation with the obtained
values of 𝑦0 and 𝑒 𝑘 .
Answer: The initial lice population 𝒚𝟎 is 25. The particular
exponential growth equation for the lice colony is 𝒚 = 𝟐𝟓(𝟐)𝒕.

Although in both Problems 1 and 2, the value 𝑒 𝑘 = 2 is obtained, it may not

always be the case. Thus, you must know an alternative method of getting the
particular equation based on the rules of logarithm as shown:

7
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
DIVISION OF CAVITE
CAVITE SCIENCE INTEGRATED SCHOOL
(Regional Science High School)
Garita B, Maragondon, Cavite

Alternative Workings: (upon getting 4 = 𝑒 2𝑘 in previous

workings)
𝑒 2𝑘 = 4
ln(𝑒 2𝑘 ) = ln 4 Apply definition of natural logarithm.
2k = ln 4
ln 4 Solve for k. (Note that k > 0 since there is
𝑘= growth.)
2 1
1
𝑘 = 2 ln 4 (or 𝑘 = ln 42 = ln 2)

𝑦 = 𝑦0 𝑒 (0.5 ln 4)𝑡 Rewrite 𝑦 = 𝑦0 𝑒 𝑘𝑡 with 𝑘 = 0.5 ln 4.

50 = 𝑦0 𝑒 (0.5 ln 4)(1) Solve for 𝑦0 when t = 1 and y = 50 (or when
t = 3 and y = 200).
50
= 𝑦0
𝑒 0.5 ln 4
𝑦0 = 25
𝑦 = 25𝑒 (0.5 ln 4)𝑡 Write the particular equation with the
obtained values of 𝑦0 and k.
Note that 𝑒 0.5 ln 4 = 2.
Thus, 𝑦 = 25𝑒 (0.5 ln 4)𝑡 is equivalent to 𝑦 = 25(2)𝑡 .

RADIOACTIVE DECAY

The amount of time t for half of a radioactive substance to decay is called

the substance’s half life. In general, the rate at which the amount of the
radioactive substance decreases is also given by the differential equation for
𝑑𝑦
exponential growth/decay, 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑘𝑦, where k < 0 since there is a decay. Hence,
the general solution of the DE is 𝑦 = 𝑦0 𝑒 𝑘𝑡 , where 𝑦 is the amount of
radioactive substance present at time 𝑡 and 𝑦0 is the initial amount of the
substance.

Sample Problem 3:
The rate of decay of radium is said to be proportional to the amount of
radium present. If the half-life of radium is 1690 years and there are 200
grams on hand now, how much radium will be present in 845 years?

Given:
Half-life of radium is 1690 years.
Initial amount of radium is 200 grams. (𝑦0 = 200)

8
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
DIVISION OF CAVITE
CAVITE SCIENCE INTEGRATED SCHOOL
(Regional Science High School)
Garita B, Maragondon, Cavite

Required:
Amount of radium present in 845 years (𝑦 =? when 𝑡 = 845)
General Exponential Equation/Formula: 𝑦 = 𝑦0 𝑒 𝑘𝑡
Plan: Determine the particular or specific exponential decay equation
with the values of 𝑦0 and 𝑒 𝑘 . Use the equation to find y when t = 845.
Workings:
𝑦 = 200𝑒 𝑘𝑡 Rewrite 𝑦 = 𝑦0𝑒 𝑘𝑡given 𝑦0 = 200.
100 = 200𝑒 𝑘(1690) Let y = 100 when t = 1 (idea of half life).
100
= 𝑒1690𝑘 Solve for 𝑒 𝑘 by applying the rules of
200
1 exponents.
𝑒1690𝑘 =
2
𝑘 1690 1
(𝑒 ) =
1
2
1 1690
𝑒𝑘 = ( )
2

𝑦 = 200𝑒 𝑘𝑡 Rewrite 𝑦 = 200𝑒 𝑘𝑡 with the obtained value

𝑡
of 𝑒 𝑡 . This is the particular function
1 ⁄1690 modelling the radioactive decay of radium.
𝑦 = 200 ( )
2
845
⁄1690
1
𝑦 = 200 ( ) Calculate the value of y when t = 845.
2
𝑦 ≈ 141.4
Answer: After 845 years, there will be approximately 141.4 grams of
radium left.

EXTENSION/ENRICHMENT
BOUNDED OR LIMITED GROWTH
𝑑𝑦
As model of population growth, the equations 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑘𝑦 and 𝑦 = 𝑦0 𝑒 𝑘𝑡
are not realistic over the long run for most populations. Populations cannot
really grow without bound. Additional factors such as space restrictions or a
limited amount of food, tend to inhibit the growth of populations as time goes
on.
The limiting quantity or upper bound is sometimes referred to as the
carrying capacity, and researchers measure the difference between the actual
population and this limiting capacity. If the carrying capacity is given by a
positive constant, N, the rate of change of y with respect to time t is
proportional to the difference (N – y). This type of growth is called bounded or
limited growth.

9
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
DIVISION OF CAVITE
CAVITE SCIENCE INTEGRATED SCHOOL
(Regional Science High School)
Garita B, Maragondon, Cavite

In an alternative model that assumes a maximum population of size N, the

rate of growth of a population is proportional to how close the population is
to that maximum. These assumptions lead to the differential equation
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑘 (𝑁 − 𝑦).
𝑑𝑡
Assuming that the population is lower than the carrying capacity, the general
formula (derived by antidifferentiation using separation of variables) for a
bounded population growth is given by
𝑦 = 𝑁 − 𝐶𝑒 −𝑘𝑡
where 𝑦 is the population at any time 𝑡
𝑁 is the carrying capacity
𝐶 is a constant equivalent to 𝑁 − 𝑦0
(where 𝑦0 is the initial population).

C. Engagement 30 minutes
LEARNING TASK 3
Pakikipagpalihan
Solve each problem on exponential growth/decay systematically.

1. In a farm, there initially were 10 rabbits. After three months, there are
already 20 rabbits. Assuming that the growth is exponential and no rabbit
dies in the process, at what time will there be 100 rabbits?
2. The population of Barangay Siksikan is increasing at a rate proportional to
its current population. In the year 2000, the population was 10,000. In
2003, it became 15,000. What was its population in 2009? In
approximately what year will its population be 100,000? Assume t = 0 in
the year 2000.
3. Substance Q has a half-life of 20 years. If in 2020, 50 g of Q was present,
how much will be present in 2030?
4. A radioactive substance decays in such a way that its mass follows a law of
natural decay. It if takes 200 years to reduce the substance’s mass by half
of its size, how many years does it take to reduce it to 20 % of its present
mass.
15 minutes
D. Assimilation EXTENDED PRACTICE
Paglalapat Solve each problem on limited growth systematically.
1. Researchers believe that a certain lake can support no more than 3000
fish. There are approximately 500 fish in the lake at present, with a growth
constant k of 0.25. What will be the fish population in four years?
2. As the biologist for a certain crocodile farm, you know that its carrying
capacity is 20,000 crocodiles. You initially release 5000 crocodiles into the
farm. After 6 weeks, the crocodile population has increased to 7,500. In
how many weeks will the population reach 10,000?

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
DIVISION OF CAVITE
CAVITE SCIENCE INTEGRATED SCHOOL
(Regional Science High School)
Garita B, Maragondon, Cavite

V. ASSESSMENT
Work on the performance task to be uploaded in the Google classroom at an
announced time and date.

The learner will write their personal insights about the lesson in Google Docs
VI. REFLECTION 5 minutes using the prompts below.
I have learned that ___________________.
I am already good at ________________________.
I still need help with __________.

REFERENCES:
References:  Basic Calculus (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School. Commission on Higher
Education
 Basic Calculus (2016). Learner’s Material for Senior High School. Commission on Higher
Education
 Barnett, R.,Ziegler, M. (1994). Applied Mathematics for Business, Economics, Life Sciences,
and Social Sciences. Macmillan College Publishing Company
 Lial, M.,Hungerford, T., Holcomb Jr,J. (2007). Mathematics with Applications.Pearson
Education, Inc.
 Pelias, J. (2016). Basic Calculus. Rex Book Store, Inc.
 Stewart, J. (2016). Calculus. Cengage Learning
 Larson, R. (2014).Calculus. Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning

Prepared by: Checked by:

MELINDA I. PASCUAL JENETTE E. SABURAO
Teacher III Master Teacher II

BENILDA V. ORSAL
Head Teacher III

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