Index

‘A and B’ vs ‘A or B’ (Venn binomial products constant of proportionality

diagrams) 457 expanding 167–9 (constant of variation)
AA test (similarity test) 517 factorising special 171 286, 290
AAS rule (congruence test) involving surds 15–16 constant term of a polynomial
494 bivariate data 223 539
acute angle 61, 62 involving time 231–2 conversion graphs 294
adding boxplots (box-and-whisker convex polygon 489
algebraic fractions 160–1 plots) 207–8, 211–12 exterior angle sum 491–2
polynomials 541 parallel 212–13 coordinate geometry problems
surds 11 90–2
algebraic equations 248–9 changing the subject of the cosine (cos) 344–5
algebraic fractions formula 261 and its complement 358
adding and subtracting chord 559 cosine curve 364–5
160–1 chord properties of circles cosine rule 377–8, 385
factorising 179–80 561–4 for angles 380–1
multiplying and dividing circle theorems, proofs using 578 problems 385–6
162–3 circle(s) cross-section of a solid 102
allowable deductions 29 angle properties 567–71 cubic curves 318–19, 549
alternate segment theorem chord properties 561–4 cubic equations 254–5
574–5 equation of a 332–4 cubic polynomials 539
angle of inclination of a line graphs of 333–4 cyclic quadrilaterals 569–71
61–2, 65 parts of 559 cylinder
angle properties of circles tangent and secant surface area 105–7, 134
567–71 properties 573–7 volume 124–6, 134
angle sum of a polygon circumference 559
489–93 commission 26 data sets, comparing 216–18
angles of depression 346–7 common chords 563, 564 deductive geometry 507
angles of elevation 346–7 comparing data sets 216–18 deferred payment plan 45
annual leave loading 26, 27 compass rose 350, 351 degree of the polynomial 539
apex 109 complementary angles, dependent events 474–5
arc 559 trigonometric ratios 358 dependent variable 225
area of a triangle 382–3 complementary ratios 358 depreciation 47–8
areas, similar figures 137–8 completing the square 333–4, formula 47
asymptotes 325, 330 419–21, 437–8 diameter 559
ax þ by þ c ¼ 0 (general form composite solids difference of two squares
of a linear equation) surface area 119–21 expanding 169
80–1 volume 134–5 factorising 171–2
ax2 ¼ c, solving 251–2 compound interest 36–7 direct proportion 286–8
ax2 þ bx þ c, factorising formula 40–1 distance formula 59, 60
175–6 involves repeated distance–time graphs 296–7
ax2 þ bx þ c ¼ 0, solving by percentage increase 37 with variable speed
factorising 417–18 concave down (parabola) 308 297–8
ax3 ¼ c (simple cubic concave up (parabola) 308 dividing
equation) 254–5 conditional probability 477–9 algebraic fractions 162–3
axis of the parabola 308, cone 109 polynomials 542–4, 544–7
436–7 surface area 114–15, 134 surds 12–13
volume 130–1, 134 domain 586–7
bearings 350–1 congruence symbol ” 494 double root (polynomial
bimodal distribution 190 congruent triangle proofs 494, equation) 551, 552
binomial expressions 167 504 double time 25

9780170194662 675
 Index

elimination method 400–1 expressions 164, 165–6 gradient–intercept equation

equal chords (circle) 561–2 polynomials 546 76–8
equation(s) 263 to solve quadratic graphing inequalities on a
with algebraic equations equations 252–3, number line 263
248–9 417–18 graphing linear equations
of a circle 332–3 factorising quadratic 71–2
and formulas 259–60 expressions horizontal and vertical
of a horizontal line 73–4 of the form x2 þ bx þ c lines 73–4
of a line, finding 85 173–4 testing if a point lies on a
of parallel lines 87–9 of the form ax2 þ bx þ c line 73
of perpendicular lines 175–6 using x- and y-intercepts to
87–9 finding the equation of a line graph lines 72
problems 256–7 85 graphs
of a vertical line 73–4 first quartile 193 circle graphs 333–4
see also specific types, e.g. five-number summary 207 conversion graphs 294
exponential equations flat-rate interest 33–5 cubic curves 318–19, 549
equiangular (similarity test) 517 formal geometric proofs 507–8 distance–time graphs
exact trigonometric ratios of formulas 259–60 296–8
30, 45 and 60 changing the subject of exponential curves/
359–60 261 functions 330–1, 592
exclusive ‘or’ 457 fractional indices 158–9 graphs of change 302–3
expanding frequency distribution, shape hyperbolas 324–7
binomial products 167–9 189–90 identifying 335–6
difference of two squares function notation 585–7 logarithmic functions 592
169 functions 582–3 parabolas 308–10, 315–16,
expressions 164–5 domain and range 586–7 432–4, 439
perfect squares 168–9 graphing exponential and polynomials 550–2, 553–4
expected frequency 451 logarithmic functions power curves 321–2
experimental probability 592 translations of functions
451–2 graphing translations of 593–4
exponential curves/functions functions 593–4 trigonometric graphs
330–1, 592 inverse 588–90 364–5
exponential equations 274–5, value of 585–6 (x  h)2 þ (y  k)2 ¼ r2 332,
330 vertical line test 583–4 333–4
expressions y ¼ ax2 308
expanding 164–5 general form of a linear y ¼ ax2 þ c 309–10
factorising 164, 165–6 equation 80–1 y ¼ ax2 þ bx þ c 432–4
exterior angle sum of a convex geometric proofs, formal y ¼ a(x  r)2 315–16
polygon 491–2 507–8 y ¼ ax3 318
extrapolation 227 glossaries 596–607 y ¼ ax3 þ c 319
gradient y ¼ a(x  r)(x  s)(x  t) 549
factor theorem 545–8 of an interval 57, 58 y ¼ axn 321
factorisation and angle of inclination of y ¼ axn þ c 322
mixed 178–9 a line 61–2 y ¼ a(x  r)n 322
strategies 178 linear equations 76–8 y ¼ ax 330–1, 592
factorising and parallel lines 66 k
y ¼ 324–5
algebraic fractions 179–80 and perpendicular lines x
by grouping in pairs 171 67–9 k
difference of two squares y ¼ ax2 308 y ¼ þ c 324–5
x
171–2 gradient formula 59, 60

676 9780170194662
 Index

k length of an interval 57–8 unitary method with

y¼ 324–5 linear equations percentages 467–8
xr
y ¼ logax 592 finding the equation of a midpoint of an interval 57
gross income 29 line 85 midpoint formula 59, 60
gross pay 30 general form 80–1 monic polynomial 539
gradient–intercept form multiplying
76–8 algebraic fractions 162–3
hemisphere 115
graphing 71–4 polynomials 542
higher-order quadratic
point–gradient form 82–3 surds 12–13
equations 427
linear polynomials 539 mutually exclusive events 457
hire purchase 44–5
linear relationships 71
holiday loading 26
strength and direction negative gradient 57, 61, 62
horizontal line, equation of
(scatterplots) 224–5 negative relationship 224
73–4
lines of best fit 227–9, 231 negatively skewed distribution
horizontal transformation 322
logarithm laws 271–3 189
hyperbolas 324–7
logarithmic equations 275 net pay 30, 31
logarithmic functions, graphs non-convex polygon 489
imaginary numbers 10 of 592 normal curve 202
inclusive ‘or’ 457 logarithms 269–70 number line, graphing
income, earning an 25–7 long division (polynomials) inequalities on 263
income tax 29–31 542–3
online calculators 33 lower quartile 193, 194
independent events 474–5 obtuse angle 61, 62
independent variable 225 on terms 44
mean 202–3 outliers 203
index laws 155–6
measures of spread 194, 197 overtime 25, 26
and logarithm laws 271–2
comparing 203
indices, fractional 158–9
median 193 parabolas 308–10, 432–4
inequalities 263
mental skills axis of symmetry 308,
graphing on a number line
dividing a quantity in a 436–8
263
given ratio 428–9 graphing 439
solving 266–7
divisibility tests 301 vertex 308, 436, 437–8
interest
estimating answers 118–19 x-intercepts 432–3
compound 36–7
1 y-intercept 432–3
simple 33–5 finding 15%, 2 %, 25%
2 parallel boxplots 212–13
interpolation 227 1
interquartile range 194–5, 203 and 12 % 38 parallel lines 66, 70
2
inverse function notation 589 equations of 87–9
multiplying by 9, 11, 99
inverse functions 588 parallelogram, properties 498,
and 101 164
condition for a function to 499
multiplying decimals
have 590 PAYG tax 30–1
258–9
graph 589 per annum 33
multiplying and dividing
inverse proportion 289–92 perfect squares 168–9
by 5, 15, 25 and 50
irrational numbers 4–5, 7–8 completing the square
205–6
method 333–4
percentage of a quantity
kite, properties 499 perpendicular bisectors of
14
chords 562–3, 564
simplifying fractions and
perpendicular height 109
leading coefficient of a ratios 361, 409–10
perpendicular lines 67–9, 71
polynomial 539 time before and time after
equations of 87–9
leading term of a polynomial 506–7
piecework 26, 27
539 time differences 79–80

9780170194662 677
 Index

platonic solids 113 products of intercepts (circle) RHS (congruence test/

point–gradient form of a linear 575–7 similarity test) 494, 517
equation 82–3 proof by contradiction 7–8 right-angled trigonometry
point of intersection of a line P(x) notation 540 344–7
and a curve 440–1, 442 pyramid 109
polygons 102, 489 surface area 109–11 salaries 25
angle sum 489–92 volume 129–30, 134 SAS (congruence test/
polynomial equations Pythagoras’ theorem and similarity test) 494, 517
single, double and triple trigonometry in 3D scale factor 510–11
roots 551–2 354–5 scatter plots 223–4, 227
solving 547–8 dependent and
polynomials 538–9 quadrant (quarter of a circle) independent variables
adding and subtracting 559 225
541 quadrants (unit circle) 363 line of best fit 227–8, 231
dividing 542–3, 544–7 quadratic equations 250–3, strength and direction of
factor theorem 545–8 308, 416 linear relationships
factorising 546 higher-order 427 224–5
graphing 550–2 problems 429–30 secant 559
multiplying 542 solving by completing the secant properties of circles
names of 539 square 419–21 575–7
P(x) notation 540 solving by factorising second quartile 193
remainder theorem 252–3, 417–18 sector 559
544–5 quadratic expressions segment 559
transforming graphs of factorisation strategies 178 selecting with and without
553–4 factorising 173–6 replacement
zeroes of 546 quadratic formula 422–3, 425 (probability) 469–70
positive gradient 57, 61, 62 quadratic polynomials 539 semicircle 559
positive relationship 224 quadratic trinomials 173 similar figures 510–12
positively skewed distribution quadrilaterals areas 137–8
189 cyclic 569–71 finding unknown lengths
power curves, graphs 321–2 proving properties of 504 in 514
principal 33 tests for 498–500 similar solids, surface areas
prism 102 quartic polynomials 539 and volumes 140–1
surface area 103–4 quartiles 192–3 similar triangles
volume 124–6, 134 proofs 520–1
probability radius 559 tests for 517–18, 520
conditional 477–9 range (function) 586–7 similarity symbol ||| 511
dependent and range (measure of spread) 194, similarity tests 517–18, 520
independent events 203 simple interest 33–5
474–5 rational numbers 4, 5 simultaneous equations
experimental 451–2 rationalising the denominator elimination method 400–1
selecting with and without 18 problems involving 405–7
replacement 469–70 real numbers 6 solving graphically 397–8,
theoretical 451 rectangle, properties 498 399, 440
two- and three-step regular polygon 490–1 substitution method
experiments 463–5, relative frequency 451–2 402–3, 440–1
469–70 remainder theorem 544–5 sine (sin) 344–5
two-way tables 460–1 repossession 44 and its complement 258
Venn diagrams 455–8 rhombus, properties 498, 499 sine curve 364

678 9780170194662
 Index

sine rule 371–2, 385 tangent (tan) 344–5 two-step experiments 463–5
problems 385–6 tangent curve 365 selecting with and without
sine rule for angles 374–5 tangent properties of circles replacement 469–70
ambiguous case 375–6 573–5 two-way tables 460–1
single root (polynomial tangent ratio 363–4
equation) 551, 552 tangents to a circle 559, 574 unit circle 362, 363
skewed distribution 189 tax deductions 29 unreal numbers 10
slant height 109 tax refund 30 upper quartile 193, 194
sphere 115 taxable income 29–31
surface area 115–16, 134 term payments 44–5 variables
volume 131–2, 134 testing if a point lies on a line dependent and
square (geometric shape), 73 independent 225
properties 499 tests for quadrilaterals directly proportional
square root 6 498–500 286–8
of a product 9, 12 tests for similar triangles inversely proportional
of a quotient 12 517–18, 520 289–92
SSS (congruence test/similarity theoretical probability 451 strength of relationship
test) 494, 517 third quartile 193 224–5
standard deviation 197–9, three-figure bearings 350–1 Venn diagrams 455–7
202–3 three-step experiments 463–5 ‘and’ vs ‘or’ 457–8
statistical distribution, shape selecting with and without vertex (parabola) 308, 436
189–90 replacement 469–70 finding by completing the
statistical studies 239–41 time-and-a-half 25 square 437–8
statistics in the media 235–6 time series data 231–2 vertical line, equation of 73–4
subtracting transforming graphs of vertical line test 583–4
algebraic fractions 160–1 polynomials 553–4 vertical transformation 322
polynomials 541 trapezium, properties 498 volume 124
surds 11 travel graphs 296–8 composite solids 134–5
supplementary angles, tree diagrams 464–5 cone 130–1, 134
trigonometric ratios triangles cylinder 124, 124–6
366–7 area 382–3 prism 124–6, 134
surds 4–5 congruence tests 494 pyramid 129–30, 134
adding and subtracting 11 proving properties of 504 similar solids 140–1
binomial products trigonometric equations solids 108–9
involving 15–16 369–70 sphere 131–2, 134
multiplying and dividing trigonometric functions 362–7
12–13 trigonometric graphs 364–5
wages 25, 26
on a number line 6 trigonometric ratios 344–5
workers’ entitlements 29
rationalising the of any angle 362–3
denominator 18 of complementary angles
simplifying 8–9 357 x2 þ bx þ c, factorising 173–4
surface area exact 359–60 x2 þ bx þ c ¼ 0
composite solids 119–21 of supplementary angles solving 250–2
cone 114–15, 134 366–7 solving by factorising
cylinder 105–7, 134 trigonometry 252–3
prism 103–4 in 3D 354–5 x2 þ y2= r2 (equation of a
pyramid 109–11 right-angled 344–7 circle) 332
similar solids 140–1 triple root (polynomial (x  h)2 þ (y  k)2 ¼ r2,
solids 108–9 equation) 551, 552 graphs of 332, 333–4
sphere 115–16, 134 turning point 308 x-intercept 72, 432–3

9780170194662 679
 Index

y ¼ mx þ b y ¼ ax3 þ c, graphs of 319 k

(gradient–intercept y ¼ a(x  r)(x  s)(x  t), y¼ þ c, graphs of 324–5
x
equation) 76–8 graphs of 549 k
y ¼ ax2, graphs of 308 y ¼ axn, graphs of 321 y¼ , graphs of 324–5
xr
y ¼ ax2 þ c, graphs of 309–10 y ¼ axn þ c, graphs of 322 y ¼ logax, graphs of 592
y ¼ ax2 þ bx þ c, graphs of y ¼ a(x  r)n, graphs of 322 y-intercept 72, 76–8, 432–3
432–3 y ¼ ax, graphs of 330–1, 592
y ¼ a(x  r) 2 315–16 k
y ¼ , graphs of 324–5 zeroes of a polynomial 546
y ¼ ax3, graphs of 318 x

680 9780170194662