CNC Machining

Manufacturing
Standards
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Table of Contents

Reference Documents 03

Standards for Uploading Documents 05

CNC Machining Materials 07

CNC Machines 12

Limitations and Standards for Special Structures 14

Part Quality Inspection Conditions 20

Standards of Finished Parts 22

Quality Inspection Sampling Plan 24

Appearance Inspection Standards 27

tolerance Inspection Standards 38

Surface Roughness Inspection Standards 50

Threads Inspection Standards 55

Surface Treatment Inspection Standards 57

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Chapter 01

Reference
Documents

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All dimensions in this standard GB/T 2828.1-2012 (ISO 2859-1:1999): Counting Sampling Inspection
that are not annotated with Procedures Part 1
units are in millimetres (mm).
GB/T 1804-2000 (ISO2768-1:1989): General Tolerances -
Tolerances for Linear and Angular Dimensions without Individual
Tolerance Indications

GB/T 1184-1996 (ISO2768-2:1989): Form and Position Tolerances

without Tolerance Values

GBT 1958-2004: Product Geometric Specification (GPS) - Form

and Position Tolerances - Inspection Provisions.pdf

GB-T 1800.3-1998: Limits and Fits - Basics Part 3: Standard

Tolerances and Basic Deviation Value Table.pdf

The clauses in the following documents become part of this standard through reference in this
standard.

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Chapter 02

Standards
for Uploading
Documents

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Document Types Product's three-dimensional model file — 3D drawing

Product's two-dimensional engineering drawing — 2D
drawing
Other processing requirement documents for the product;

Note: When providing both 2D and 3D drawings, they must contain all the information for
processing. If there are no tighter tolerance requirements, the 3D drawing should be provided
along with the tolerance grade and information related to processing.

File Formats The format for the 3D model file should be either [.stp],
[.step], or [.IGS], and one of these formats must be provided
The format for the 2D engineering drawing should be either
[.dwg], [.dxf], [.pdf] and one of these formats must be
provided (if there are no other requirements, 2D is not
mandatory).

Essential Information
3D Drawing 2D Drawing
Apart from the format, if there are Product's three-view drawing, necessary sectional views,
threads, their specifications must dimensions (especially critical dimensions), dimensional
be indicated. tolerances, form and position tolerances, surface roughness,
material, surface treatment, and related technical
requirements. If screen printing is required, a screen printing AI
document (dimensions, colors) should be provided. For laser
engraving, a file suitable for laser engraving must be provided.

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Chapter 03

CNC
Machining
Materials

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Types and Characteristics

of CNC Materials
For other materials, please confirm the type, model,
dimensions, C C processability, and material
N

procurement channels before placing an order.

Material Type Grade Characteristics

Medium strength, good welding and electroplating properties,

excellent machinability, high toughness, no deformation after
6061 processing, strong corrosion resistance, dense material
without defects, easy to polish, color film, excellent oxidation
effects.

High-strength heat-treatable alloy, easy to process, strong

7075 wear resistance, resulting in good mechanical properties, also
has corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance.

Excellent machinability, good weldability, extrudability, and

electroplating, good corrosion resistance, toughness, easy to
Aluminum Alloy 6063
polish, color film, excellent anodizing effect, a typical extrusion
alloy.

5052 Good corrosion resistance, fatigue performance, and

weldability. High tensile strength and elongation.

High strength and hardness with poorer plasticity. Can

H59(C28000) withstand pressure processing well in a hot state, average
corrosion resistance.
Brass

Good mechanical properties, good plasticity in a hot state,

H62(C27400) good machinability, corrosion-resistant, but prone to stress
corrosion cracking.

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Material Type Grade Characteristics

Similar properties, good electrical conductivity, thermal

Copper T2 (C101) conductivity, corrosion resistance, and machinability. Can be
welded and brazed.

Good comprehensive mechanical properties, good low-

temperature impact toughness, and low notch sensitivity.
Alloy Structural Steel T1 (C103)
Good hardenability, suitable for carburizing and high-
frequency quenching. Good cutting performance.

Most commonly used medium carbon quenched and

High-Quality Carbon Steel 45# Steel tempered steel, good comprehensive mechanical properties,
low hardenability.

Good plasticity, toughness, weldability, cold stamping

Carbon Structural Steel Q235 performance, and certain strength. Good cold bending
properties.

A general-purpose stainless steel with good machinability,

SUS304 weldability, and high toughness.

Good plasticity, toughness, cold deformation, welding process

SUS316
performance.
Stainless Steel

A martensitic stainless steel. Contains 1.0% carbon and 16-18%

chromium. Strong rust resistance, high-quality stainless steel.
440C
Good high-temperature dimensional stability, can also be
used as corrosion-resistant high-temperature bearing steel.

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Material Type Grade Characteristics

Outstanding impact strength and anti-creep properties, high

PC heat resistance, good cold resistance, good dimensional
stability, certain corrosion resistance.

Outstanding impact strength and anti-creep properties, high

POM heat resistance, good cold resistance, good dimensional
stability, certain corrosion resistance.

Fatigue strength, rigidity, heat resistance slightly inferior to

PA6 PA66, but better elasticity. Good shock absorption, noise
reduction capabilities. Other properties similar to PA66.

High fatigue strength and rigidity, good heat resistance, good

PA66
wear resistance.

Excellent light transmittance, transmitting over 92% of sunlight.

PMMA High strength, certain heat and cold resistance, corrosion
resistance, good insulation, dimensional stability, easy to form.

Good comprehensive properties, excellent heat resistance, oil

ABS resistance, and chemical stability. Easy mechanical
Engineering Plastics processing.
(Non-metallic materials)

One of the lightest plastics. Its yield, tensile, and compressive

PP strength and hardness are better than low-density
polyethylene, outstanding rigidity.

Excellent low-temperature resistance (lowest usage

temperature can reach -100~-70℃), good chemical stability,
PE
resistant to most acid and alkali corrosion (not resistant to
oxidizing acids).

Non-absorbent, non-conductive, high-temperature

resistance, high strength, mainly used in electrical appliances.
Bakelite
Due to its high insulation and good plasticity, it's called
"Bakelite".

High mechanical strength, heat resistance, impact resistance,

flame retardant, acid and alkali resistance, hydrolysis
PEEK resistance, wear resistance, fatigue resistance, radiation
resistance, and good electrical properties. Difficult parts are
not made.

Excellent chemical stability, very high heat and cold resistance,

PTFE
operating temperature from -180℃ to 250℃.

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Available Colors for

CNC Materials

Material Available Colors

Aluminum Alloy Black, Transparent, White, (Food-grade Transparent)

POM (Delrin or Acetal, also known as "Sai Steel" in Chinese) Black, White, Blue

PA (Nylon) Black, White, Blue

PMMA (Acrylic or Plexiglass) Transparent, Black, White, Brown

ABS Beige, Black, Milky White, Blue

PP (Polypropylene) PP (Polypropylene)

PE (Polyethylene) PE (Polyethylene)

Bakelite Bakelite

FR-4/Glass Fiber FR-4/Glass Fiber

UPE/UHMWPE (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene) UPE/UHMWPE (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene)

Teflon/PTFE Teflon/PTFE

HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene)

PEEK (Expensive) PEEK (Expensive)

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Chapter 04

CNC Machines

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CNC Machining Centers (3-

axis/4-axis/5-axis)

(1) Travel Range: 2100*800*1200mm

/ 850*500*500mm;

(2) Accuracy: ±0.003mm

CNC Turning-Milling Compound

(1) Travel Range: 2100*800*1200mm

/ 850*500*500mm;

(2) Accuracy: ±0.003mm

Note: The travel range does not

represent the maximum forming
size.

Theoretical machining accuracy is

CNC Turning not equivalent to the minimum
machining accuracy that can be
(1) Travel Range: 800* φ 170mm / ensured in actual processing.
320*400mm; Currently, machining accuracy is
divided into three levels: 0.025mm,
(2) Accuracy: ±0.002~ ±0.003mm 0.05mm, and 0.1mm.

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Chapter 05

Limitations and
Standards for
Special Structures

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Internal R (Radius) Corners

Medium strength, good welding and electroplating properties,

excellent machinability, high toughness, no deformation after

processing, strong corrosion resistance, dense material without

defects, easy to polish, color film, excellent oxidation effects.

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Non-Through Open
Right Angle

Right Angle at the Junction of

a Curved Surface and Side
Wall

Chamfered Right Angle

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Internal R (Radius) Corner

Chamfering Execution Standard

Internal Right Angle Machining R (Radius) Corner Residual Standard

Internal Right Angle Machining R (Radius) Corner Residual Standard

Material

Type

7075 7075 7075 7075 7075

Hard Metals R0.5mm R1.5mm R2.5mm R4mm R5mm

Hard Metals R0.5mm R1.5mm R2.5mm R4mm R5mm

Non-

metallic R0.5mm R1.5mm R2.5mm R4mm R5mm

Materials

Note: If there is a definite need to process an

internal right angle, the structure can be

machined using Electrical Discharge Machining

(EDM) technology.

“R”

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Shape of the Bottom

of a Blind Hole

For smaller holes with greater depth, due to

the characteristics of drilling, the actual

machined bottom will be conical in shape,

which differs from the flat bottom depicted

in the 3D model.

Minimum Diameter and

Depth of Machinable Holes

Material Type Hard Metals Soft Metals Non-metals

Hole Diameter 1mm 0.5mm 0.5mm

Depth 5mm 3mm 3mm

1mm 0.5mm 0.5mm

5mm 3mm 3mm

Hard metals Soft metals Non-metallic materials

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Minimum Wall Thickness and Groove Width

Limitations

In part structures, if the wall thickness is too thin,

deformation is highly likely to occur during machining.
Therefore, please ensure that the thickness of each
structural wall is at least 0.5mm. The larger the area of
the thin wall, the greater the required wall thickness.

Minimum wall thickness 0.5mm

Furthermore, when the width of a groove

structure is less than 0.5mm, it cannot be
Minimum slot width 0.5mm
machined. The deeper the groove, the wider
the groove needs to be.

Maximum Machining Depth

The current maximum machinable depth is 150mm. Exceeding this
value will make machining impossible. Additionally, when there are
internal steps, the machining tool might collide or interfere with the
steps, potentially reducing the machining depth.

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Chapter 06

Part Quality
Inspection
Conditions

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Basis for quality inspection Order list, product 2D and 3D drawings.

Inspection is conducted under a light intensity of

100lux to 200lux (equivalent to the light from a 40-60W
Under average daylight incandescent bulb, with the object placed 65 to 100cm
away from the light source).

Position the inspection surface of the part at an angle

Inspection angle
of 30 to 60° relative to the inspector's eyes.

Inspection Duration 3 to 5 seconds.

Environment Temperature: 20±5℃; Humidity: 40±10%.

Worktables and marble inspection platforms must be

Vibration
stable, with no vibrations or wobbling.

Place the part 35 to 45cm directly in front of the

Inspection distance
inspector.

Inside micrometers Thread plug gauges (both

metric and imperial)
Outside micrometers
Thread ring gauges (both
Digital calipers metric and imperial)
2.5D measurement system Height gauge instruments
3D measurement system Height rulers
Imperial thread gauges Spectrometers
M etric thread gauges R ubber hardness testers
Pin gauges R adius gauges
Hex wrenches Imperial ring gauges
A ngle gauges Film thickness meters
G auge blocks 0-25 blade micrometers

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Chapter 07

Standards of
Finished Parts

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For shafts and precision-machined parts, or

parts with high surface finish requirements,
each must be isolated or individually
packaged.

Parts must be properly packaged

and protected They should be placed in an orderly and
standardized manner, uniformly wrapped with
stretch film and plastic bags, and protected
with bubble wrap.

Includes supplier name, production order

Part markings must be clear number, equipment code, material serial
number, material code, part quantity, material
name, material QR code.

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Chapter 08

Quality
Inspection
Sampling Plan

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Using the AQL (Acceptable Quality

Level) sampling standard.
Determined based on customer requirements, product characteristics, SIP, etc. If the customer has specific
requirements, the customer's standard will be followed. If the customer does not have a standard, the
inspection will be conducted based on the "RapidDirect -Sampling Standard" and the product's "2D, 3D"
documentation.

Table 1. Sample size code letter selection

Special Inspection Levels General Inspection Levels

Lot Size S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 I II III

2to 8 A A A A A A B

9to 15 A A A A A B C

16 to 25 A A B B B D E

26 to 50 A B B C C E F

51 to 90 B B C C C E F

91 to 150 B B C D D E E

151 to 280 F B C E E E H

281 to 500 B C D E E H G

501 to 1200 C C E G H K L

1201 to 3200 C D E G H K L

3201 to 10000 C D F G J L M

10001 to 35000 C D F H K M N

35001 to 150000 D E G J L N P

150001 to 500000 D E G J M P Q

500001 and over D E H K N Q R

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Table 2. Single sampling plan for normal inspection

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Chapter 09

Appearance
Inspection
Standards

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Classification and Explanation of
Appearance Grades
A-grade surface: During normal use, surfaces that users C-grade surface: The direction opposite
frequently come into contact with or parts that are directly to the A-grade surface when viewed from
noticeable upon visual inspection during normal use. These the front (i.e., the backside of the
are areas with very stringent appearance requirements. workpiece) and the flat surface where the
B-grade surface: The left and right flat sides of the product rarely-used bottom of the product is
casing module that face the user when assembled. located.

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Plastic Appearance Inspection Standards

Inspection tools: Feeler gauge,

caliper

W = Width: Unit: mm
L = Length: Unit: mm/cm
S = Area: Unit: mm^2; n = Quantity
S = Area: Unit: mm^2; n = Quantity
Unit: pieces/locations
D = Spacing: Unit: m
WT = Weight: Unit: g.

Stains, paint particles, impurities, filaments, lint, foreign objects, granules, and bumps (S:
area of the spot)

(1) For 0.1 mm^2 < S < 0.2 mm^2, 2 spots are
allowed on a single side, with a spacing
A-grade surface:
greater than 100mm. Discolored impurities are
not allowed.

(1) For 0.1 mm^2 < S < 0.2 mm^2, 2 spots are
allowed on a single side, with a spacing
greater than 100mm.

(2) For S < 0.1 mm^2, 3 spots are allowed on a

B-grade surface single side, with a spacing greater than 70mm

(3) If any spot on a single side is greater than

0.1 mm^2, then criterion (1) applies. (4) For
discolored impurities with an area < 0.1 mm^2, 1
spot is allowed on a single side.

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(1) For S < 0.2 mm^2, 3 spots are allowed on a

single side, with the distance between spots
greater than 55mm.

(2) For S < 0.2 mm^2, 3 spots are allowed on a

single side, with the distance between spots
greater than 55mm.

C-grade surface:

(3) If any spot on a single side is greater than

0.2 mm^2, then criterion (1) applies.

(4) Discolored impurities must not exceed 0.2

mm^2, and 2 spots are allowed on a single
side.

Visible Scratches and Non-Visible Scratches (S: Scratch Area, L: Scratch Length, W:
Scratch Width)

A-grade surface: For 0.1 mm² ≤ S < 0.3 mm² or L

≤ 2mm, W ≤ 0.08mm, 1 instance is allowed.

B-grade surface: For 0.3 mm² ≤ S < 0.5 mm² or L

≤ 3mm, W ≤ 0.1mm, 1 instance is allowed.

Visible Scratches
C-grade surface: For 0.5 mm² ≤ S < 0.7 mm² or
L ≤ 4mm, W ≤ 0.2mm, 1 instance is allowed.

Note: After surface treatments such as

electroplating, spray painting, or baking paint,
visible scratches are not allowed.

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A-grade surface: For 0.3 mm² ≤ S < 0.5 mm² or L

≤ 3mm, W ≤ 0.08mm, 1 instance is allowed.

B-grade surface: For 0.5 mm² ≤ S < 0.7 mm² or

Non-Visible Scratches L ≤ 5mm, W ≤ 0.08mm, 2 instances are allowed

with a spacing of ≥ 100mm.

C-grade surface: For S ≤ 1.0 mm² or L ≤ 10mm, W

≤ 0.08mm, 3 instances are allowed with a
spacing of ≥ 100mm.

Note: After surface treatments such as

electroplating, spray painting, or baking paint,
non-visible scratches are judged based on the
A-grade surface criteria.

Whitening, sink marks, flow

lines, short shots, weld lines, Note: After surface treatments such as
material streaks, abrasions, electroplating, spray painting, or baking paint,
scorching, bubbles, warping, non-visible scratches are judged based on the
fractures, crazing, and orange A-grade surface criteria.
peel are all not allowed.

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Plastic Part Paint Physical

Inspection Standards

For shafts and precision-machined parts, or

parts with high surface finish requirements,
each must be isolated or individually
packaged
Surface Quality of Paint Layer on
Plastic Parts
They should be placed in an orderly and
standardized manner, uniformly wrapped
with stretch film and plastic bags, and
protected with bubble wrap.

(1) Test Method

Use a cross-cut tester or a sharp utility knife to

score straight lines on the painted surface at a
parallel distance of 1mm (cutting through the
paint layer once), ten lines vertically and
horizontally to form a grid pattern. Attach
3M610-1PK adhesive tape (tensile strength: 5.0
N/mm; metal bond strength: 0.5 N/mm;
elongation at break: 15%) tightly to the paint
film surface, and roll it three times with a roller.
Adhesion
After 30 seconds, peel off the adhesive tape
instantly at a 90° angle at a speed of 0.6～
1.0m/s.

(2) Standard

For main components, select any three flat

areas; for small parts, select any one area. If
the paint loss is ≤5%, less than 5 squares, and
there's no complete paint peeling, it's
considered acceptable.

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(1) Test Method

Use an EF74 eraser to rub the painted surface

with a force of 500g/cm² at a speed of 50
strokes/min, with a 3cm back-and-forth
Abrasion Resistance
distance for 200 strokes. The TP area is
increased to 1500 strokes.

(2) Standard

If the underlying plastic material isn't exposed,

it's considered acceptable

(1) Test Method

Use an EF74 eraser to rub the painted surface

with a force of 180g/cm² at a speed of 50
strokes/min, with a 3cm back-and-forth
Printed Logo Rub Resistance distance for 300 strokes.

(2) Standard

f the printed logo doesn't peel off, it's

considered acceptable.

(1) Test Method

Stick and peel with 3M610 tape 50 times.

Silkscreen Strength
(2) Standard

If the silkscreen shows no noticeable changes,

it's considered acceptable

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Metal Parts Appearance

Inspection Standards

Inspection tools: Feeler gauge, caliper

A-grade surface: For 0.1 mm² ≤ S < 0.3 mm² or L

≤ 2mm, W ≤ 0.08mm, 1 instance is allowed.

B-grade surface: For 0.3 mm² ≤ S < 0.5 mm² or L

Visible Scratches
≤ 3mm, W ≤ 0.1mm, 1 instance is allowed.


C-grade surface: For 0.5 mm² ≤ S < 0.7 mm² or L

≤ 4mm, W ≤ 0.2mm, 1 instance is allowed.

A-grade surface: For 0.3 mm² ≤ S < 0.5 mm² or

L ≤ 3mm, W ≤ 0.08mm, 1 instance is allowed.

B-grade surface: For 0.5 mm² ≤ S < 0.7 mm² or L

Non-Visible Scratches ≤ 5mm, W ≤ 0.08mm, 2 instances are allowed
with a spacing of ≥ 100mm.

C-grade surface: For S ≤ 1.0 mm² or L ≤ 10mm, W

≤ 0.08mm, 3 instances are allowed with a
spacing of ≥ 100mm.

Note: Scratches that are clearly visible under

specified visual conditions but are not tactile
are judged as tactile scratches.

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A-grade surface: Not allowed on the front.

B-grade surface: Visible grinding marks are

allowed up to 4 lines with L ≤ 20mm, W ≤
Grinding Marks
0.2mm, and a spacing of 1cm.

C-grade surface: Grinding marks are not

counted, but the underlying material must not
be exposed.

The length of the grinding marks Heavy knife lines on the front. B-grade surface, grinding marks
on the B-grade surface is greater Unqualified less than 20mm. Qualified
than 20mm. Unqualified

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A-grade surface: For 0.3 mm² ≤ S < 0.5 mm² or L

≤ 3mm, W ≤ 0.08mm, 1 instance is allowed.

B-grade surface: For 0.5 mm² ≤ S < 0.7 mm² or L

Indentations from Compression
≤ 5mm, W ≤ 0.08mm, 2 instances are allowed
or Impact, Dents, Black Spots,
with a spacing of ≥ 100mm.

Protrusions, Stains, Foreign

Objects
C-grade surface: For S ≤ 1.0 mm² or L ≤ 10mm, W
≤ 0.08mm, 3 instances are allowed with a
spacing of ≥ 100mm.

A-grade surface without any B-grade surface without any C-grade surface are allowed to
stains stains be stained, with no substrate
exposed

Clearly visible on the front: Not allowed.

Flow Marks, Weld Lines Clearly visible from a side angle: L ≤ 50mm, W ≤
5mm, 2 lines are allowed with a spacing of ≤
100mm.

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Metal Electroplated Parts

Inspection Standards

Color Difference Laser Engraving

Under a 40w daylight bulb or natural light, with If the surface treatment does not meet the
a vision of 1.0 or above, when the object is specified requirements, it's not allowed
placed at a 45° angle to the viewer's If the surface engraving is messy and
perspective, if there's no noticeable color unclear, it's not allowed
difference, it's acceptable If the direction of the surface engraving is
If there's a color difference, but the overall incorrect, it's not allowed.
color matches well when combined and
there's no noticeable difference, it's
acceptable.

Bubbling Adhesion

The electroplated surface must not have any Use a small knife or needle tip to score the
bubbles or areas where the plating has come off. test piece's surface, spacing the lines 1mm
apart in both horizontal and vertical
directions, making 10 lines in each direction
that are perpendicular to each other. It's
essential to cut through the electroplated
film. If you can lightly touch the grid without
the plating coming off, it's considered
acceptable
Firmly stick a transparent tape that's
18-25mm wide and twice as long as its width
onto the grid. Ensure the tape is smooth and
fully adheres to the painted film. If the paint
Electroplated black Electroplated black
film doesn't stick to the tape, it's considered
mark. Unqualified mark. Unqualified
acceptable.

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Chapter 10

Tolerance
Inspection
Standards

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Linear Dimension and Angular

Dimension Tolerance
Inspection Standards

Basic Requirements
For drawings with explicit tolerance requirements, determine based
on these requirements. If the measured dimension exceeds the
tolerance, it's considered non-conforming.

For drawings without specified tolerance requirements, refer to point

2 for determination

For workpieces with assembly requirements, their dimension

inspection should comply with the Taylor principle, where the
functional dimension of a hole or shaft should not exceed the
maximum solid dimension.

Taylor Principle
For a reasonable hole, its external functional dimension should be
greater than or equal to the minimum limit size. For a shaft, its
external functional dimension should be less than or equal to the
maximum limit size.

For a hole, any local actual size at any position should be less than or
equal to the maximum limit size. For a shaft, any local actual size at
any position should be greater than or equal to the minimum limit
size.

Simply put, the Taylor principle means that for holes and shafts with
mating requirements, their local actual sizes and shape errors
should be controlled within the dimension tolerance range.

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Linear Dimension and Angular

Dimension Tolerance Inspection
Standards

Table 1: Limit Deviations for Linear Dimensions (in mm)

Nominal Feature Length (mm)

Tolerance Class Permissible Dimensional Deviation in mm

Designation
(Description) >200~
0.5~3 >3~6 >6~30 >30~120 >120~400 >400~1000 >1000~3000
4000
Precision (f) ±0.05 ±0.05 ±0.1 ±0.15 ±0.2 ±0.3 ±0.5 /
Medium (m) ±0.1 ±0.1 ±0.2 ±0.3 ±0.5 ±0.8 ±1.2 ±2
Coarse (c) ±0.2 ±0.3 ±0.5 ±0.3 ±1.2 ±3 ±3 ±4
Very Coarse (v) / ±0.5 ±1 ±1.5 ±2.5 ±6 ±6 ±8

Table 2: Limit Deviations for Fillet Radius and Chamfer Height Dimensions

Nominal Feature Length (mm)

Tolerance Class Permissible Dimensional Deviation in mm

Designation
(Description) 0.5~3 >3~6 >6~30 >30

Precision (f)
± 0.2 ± 0.5 ±1 ±2
Medium (m)
Coarse (c)
± 0.4 ±1 ±2 ±4
Very Coarse (v)

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Table 3: Limit Deviations for Angular Dimensions

Nominal Feature Length (mm)

Tolerance Class
Permissible Deviations in Degrees and Minutes
Designation

(Description)
~10 >10~50 >50~120 >120~400 >400

Precision (f)

±1° ±30' ±30' ±10' ±5'

Medium (m)

Coarse (c) ±1°30' ±1° ±20' ±15' ±10'

Very Coarse (v) ±3° ±2° ±1 ±30' ±20'

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Inspection Standards for Form

and Position Tolerances

(1) If the drawing has explicit requirements for form and position
tolerances, inspect it according to the drawing's requirements.

Basic Requirements
(2) If the drawing does not specify tolerance requirements, refer to
the GB1184-1996 standard for form and position tolerances. For
unspecified tolerance values in the drawing, if no tolerance is
indicated, follow IT12.

Type of
Geometric

geometric Feature Defination Symbol

Characteristic
Geometric

Straightness (Two- Controls the extent of deviation of a

dimensional feature from a straight line

Circularity (Two- Exercises control on the extent of

dimensional deviation feature from a perfect circle
Independent

Flatness (three- Controls the extent of deviation of a

Form

dimensional feature from a flat plane

tolerance

Cylindricity (three- Controls the extent of deviation of a

dimensional feature from a perfect cylinder

Profile of a line (two- Controls the extent of deviation of an

dimensional) outline of a feature from the true profile
Related or
single
Profile of a surface
Exercises control on the extent of
(two-dimensional) deviation of a surface from the true
profile

Perpendicularity
Exercises control on the extent of
(three-dimensional) deviation of a surface, axis, or plane from
a 90° angle

Parallelism (three-
Controls the extent of deviation of a
Orientation dimensional) surface,

Related
tolerance axis. or plane from an orientation parallel
to the specified datum

Angularity (three-
Exercises controls on the deviation of a
dimensional) surface, axis. or plane from the angle
described in the design specifications

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Type of
geometric Geometric

Feature Defination Symbol

Geometric Characteristic

Exercises control on the extent of

Position (three-
deviation of location of a feature from its
dimensional)
true position

Exercises control on extent of deviation of

Position
 Symmetry (three-
Related the median points between two features
Tolerance dimensional)
from a specified axis or centre plane

Concentricity Exercises control on extent of deviation of

(three- the median points of multiple diameters
dimensional) from the specified datum axis

Exercises composite control on the form,

Circular runout orientation, and location of multiple
(two- dimensional) cross- sections of a cylindrical part as it
rotates
Runout Related
Exercises simultaneous composite control
Total runout (three-
 on the form, orientation, and location of
dimensional) the entire length of a cylindrical part as it
rotates

Note:

I nspection Requirements for Chamfers and Fillets

f the drawing specifies requirements, process according to the drawing's specifications. For
I

drawings that do not clearly specify the size of the chamfer or fillet, process using C0.3~C0.5 or
R0.3~R0.5. Except for parts explicitly indicated on the drawing as not requiring a chamfer, all parts

must have a chamfer or fillet.

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Unspecified Tolerances for

Form and Position
For form and position dimensions without specified tolerances, inspect according to GB 1804-2000
medium precision (M level) or K level. Refer to the table below:

For straightness and flatness without specified tolerance values (unit: mm), RapidDirect defaults to the K
level.

Tolerance Class Ranges of nominal lengths in mm

Designation
(Description) ~10 >10~30 >30~100 >100-300 >300-1000 >1000~3000

H 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

K 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

L 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6

Note: For straightness, the corresponding line length should be selected. For flatness, the longer side of
the surface or the diameter of the circular surface should be chosen.

For perpendicularity without specified tolerance values (unit: mm), RapidDirect defaults to the K level.

Tolerance Class Ranges in Nominal Lengths in mm

Designation
(Description)
~100 >100~300 >300~1000 >1000~3000

H 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

K 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

L 0.5 1 1.5 2

Note: Use the longer side of the two sides that form a right angle as the reference, and the shorter side
as the feature to be measured. If the lengths of the sides are equal, either side can be taken as the
reference.

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For symmetry without specified tolerance values (unit: mm), RapidDirect defaults to the K level.

Tolerance Class Ranges of nominal lengths in mm

Designation
(Description) ~100 >100-300 >300-1000 >1000~3000

H 0.5

K 0.6 0.8 1

L 0.6 1 1.5 2

Note: Use the longer of the two features as the reference, and the shorter one as the feature to be
measured. If the lengths of the features are equal, either one can be taken as the reference.

For roundness without specified tolerance (unit: mm), RapidDirect defaults to the K level.

Tolerance Class Designation (Description) Ranges of nominal lengths in mm

H 0.5

K 1

L 2

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Description of Form Tolerance
Types and Examples

Item Tolerance band definition Example Explanation

Any generatrix on the

cylindrical surface must lie
within an axial plane,
The tolerance band is the area between two parallel lines
Within a given at a distance of 0.02.
between two parallel lines at a
plane
distance of tolerance value t.

The edge line must be

within two parallel planes
in the direction indicated
by the arrow, at a distance
When a direction is given, the
of a tolerance value of
tolerance band is the area
0.02.
between two parallel planes at
a distance of tolerance value t

Straightness

The edge line must be

within a quadrangular
prism with a horizontal
When two mutually distance tolerance value
perpendicular directions are of 0.02 and a vertical
Within a given given, the tolerance band is the distance of 0.01.
direction area within a quadrangular
prism with a side length of t1+2.

The axis of the cylinder

must be within a
cylindrical surface with
In any direction, the tolerance a diameter tolerance
band is the area of a value of 0.02.
cylindrical surface with a
diameter of tolerance value t.

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The tolerance band for flatness The top surface must be

is the area between two within two parallel planes at
Flatness
parallel planes at a distance of a distance of a tolerance
tolerance value t. value of 0.1.

The tolerance band for

The edge line must be within
roundness is the area between
two parallel planes in the
two concentric circles on the
Roundness direction indicated by the
same cross-section with a
arrow, at a distance of a
radius difference of tolerance
tolerance value of 0.02.
value t.

The tolerance band for

The edge line must be within
roundness is the area between
two parallel planes in the
two concentric circles on the
Cylindricity direction indicated by the
same cross-section with a
arrow, at a distance of a
radius difference of tolerance
tolerance value of 0.02.
value t.

On any cross-section
parallel to the standard
The tolerance band for line
projection plane, the actual
profile is the area between two
profile must be within the
envelope lines that envelop a
two envelope lines that
Line Profile series of circles with a diameter
envelop a series of circles
of tolerance value t, where the
with a diameter tolerance
center of these circles should
value of 0.02, and the
lie on the ideal profile.
centers of these circles lie on
the ideal profile line.

The actual profile surface

The tolerance band for surface
must lie between the two
profile is the region between
envelope surfaces of a
two envelope surfaces that
series of spheres, where the
envelop a series of spheres
Surface Profile diameter of these spheres is
with a diameter of tolerance
a tolerance value of 0.02,
value t, where the centers of
and the centers of these
these spheres should lie on the
spheres are on the ideal
ideal profile.
profile surface."

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Item Tolerance band definition Example Explanation

Any generatrix on the

When given in one direction, cylindrical surface must
the tolerance band is the lie within an axial plane,
region between two parallel between two parallel
planes that are a distance of lines at a distance of
tolerance value 't' apart and 0.02.
parallel to a reference plane.

The axis must lie within a

Orientation When given in two mutually prism defined by cross-
Positional perpendicular directions, the sectional dimensions
Tolerance tolerance zone is the region with tolerance values of
Parallelism 0.01 and 0.02 and must
inside a prism with cross-
sectional dimensions of be parallel to the
tolerance values 't1' and 't2', and reference axis C.

is parallel to the reference axis (Basic Axis)

In any given direction, the (Basic Axis)

tolerance zone is the region
inside a cylindrical surface with
a diameter of tolerance value
't' and parallel to the reference
axis.

The right side surface

must be positioned
The tolerance zone is the between two parallel
region between two parallel planes that are 0.02 apart
planes (or lines) at a distance in terms of tolerance and
of tolerance value 't' and perpendicular to the
Directional perpendicular to the datum datum plane A.
Positional plane (or line or axis).
Tolerance
Perpendicularity
The axis must lie
within a cylindrical
The tolerance zone is within a surface with a
cylindrical surface with a diameter tolerance
diameter of tolerance value 't' of 0.02 and be
and perpendicular to the perpendicular to the
datum plane. datum plane A.

The tolerance zone is the

region between two parallel
planes at a distance of
Inclination
tolerance value 't' and at a
theoretically correct angle to
the reference axis.

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Item Tolerance band definition Example Explanation

The axis must be located

within a cylindrical surface
with a diameter tolerance of
The tolerance zone is within a 0.01, and be coaxial with the
cylindrical region with a datum axis.

Coaxiality diameter of tolerance value 't', （Datum Axis）

and is coaxial with the datum
axis.

Positional The center plane of the

Tolerance groove must be positioned
between two parallel planes
that are 0.02 apart in terms
The tolerance zone is between
of tolerance, and
two parallel planes spaced by
symmetrically arranged
a tolerance value 't', and is
Symmetry relative to the datum
symmetrically arranged
median plane.

relative to the datum median

（Datum Median Plane）
plane.

The axis must be located

within a cylindrical
surface with a diameter
tolerance of 0.2, and
The positional tolerance for a
centered on the ideal
line is within a cylindrical
position determined by
Position region with a diameter of
the datums A and B.
tolerance value 't', centered on
the ideal position of the line.

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Chapter 11

Surface Roughness
Inspection
standards

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 51

Basic Requirements
(1) If the surface roughness requirements are specified on the drawing, inspection should be carried out
according to the drawing requirements.

(2) If the surface roughness requirements are not specified on the drawing, inspection should be carried
out according to the standard requirements of roughness grade 3.2.

(3) The following table provides the symbols, meanings, and explanations of roughness:"

Symbol Meaning

Basic surface texture symbol. Surface may be produced by any

a method except when the bar or circle (Symbol b or d) is specified.

Material removal by machining is required. The horizontal bar

b indicateds material removal by machining is required to produce
surface and material must be provided for that purpose.

Material removal allowance. Value in millimeters for "x" defines the

c minimum material removal requirement.

Material removal prohibited. The circle in the vee indicateds the

surface must be produced by processes such as casting, forging, hot
d finishing, cold finishing, die casting, powder metollurgy or injection
molding without subsequent removal of material.

Surface texture symbol. To be used when any surface texture values,

production method, treatment, cooling or other text are specified
e above the horizontal line or to the right of the symbol. Surface may be
produced by any method except when bar or circle (Symbol b or d) is
specified or when the method is specified above the horizontal line.

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Surface
Surface
Smoothn Surface Geometric Features Machining Methods
Roughness
ess

Radial Circular Runout. The tolerance zone is between

two concentric circles with a radius difference of Forgings, castings, hot-rolled
~ tolerance value 't' on any measuring plane profiles, and other unprocessed
perpendicular to the datum axis, with the centers of surfaces.
the circles lying on the datum axis.

50
1 Clearly visible tool marks

Saw cut, rough turning, rough

25 Rough
2 Visible tool marks milling, rough planing, drilling, and
surface
processing with coarse files,
coarse grinding wheels, etc.
12.5 3 Slightly visible tool marks

6.3
4 Visible machining marks

Cold drawing, precision turning,

3.2 Semi-gloss
precision grinding, rough planing,
5 surface Slightly visible machining marks
drilling, and processing with coarse
file, coarse grinding wheel, etc.
1.6
6 Invisible machining marks

0.8
7 Smooth surface,

0.4 Grinding, precision turning with

Smooth Slightly discernible machining
8 surface mark direction
diamond turning tools, precision
grinding, cold drawing, broaching,
and polishing.
0.2 Non-discernible machining mark
9 direction

0.1
10 Matte gloss surface

0.05
11 Smooth Bright gloss surface
surface Fine grinding, grinding, polishing,
super finish grinding, mirror
0.025 grinding, etc.
12 Mirror-like gloss surface

0.012
13 Mirror-like gloss surface

0.008
14 Mirror surface

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Surface Roughness Effects of

Various Machining Processes

External Grinding

Surface Grinding

Honing

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Horizontal Milling

Planer Machine

Vertical Milling

Lathe

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Chapter 12

Threads
Inspection
Standards

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 56

Inspection Tools

Thread Plug Gaug

Thread Ring Gauge

Thread Engagement Length

Deviation

Thread Pitch ≤0.6 0.7~1.25 1.5~2.5 3~4

Thread Length +0.5

+1.0
+1.5
+2.0

Deviation -0.5 -0.5 -1.0 -1.0

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Chapter 13

Surface Treatment
Inspection
Standards

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 58

Surface Treatment If surface treatment requirements are explicitly specified on

the drawing, inspection should be carried out according to
of Aluminum Parts the drawing requirements

If surface treatment requirements are not indicated on the

drawing, the standard treatment is uniform surface
sandblasting with a bright silver appearance.

Sandblasting Grit Standard: 100 mesh

Black Anodizing Standard: Thickness 12-18μm

Natural Anodizing Standard: Thickness 8-12μm

Hard Anodizing Standard: Thickness 30-80μm

Surface Treatment If surface treatment requirements are explicitly specified on

the drawing, inspection should be carried out according to
of Iron Parts the drawing requirements

If surface treatment requirements are not indicated on the

Nickel Plating, Electroless Nickel Plating drawing, the standard treatment is uniform nickel plating.
Thickness Standard: Above 8-10μm. Salt
Spray Corrosion Resistance Test for
Nickel Plating: No red rust spots after 48
hours.

Note:

Material thickness and quality should conform to national standards. The used materials should
be accompanied by performance test reports and manufacturer certifications

Material Appearance: Smooth, without rust traces, cracks, or deformations

Dimensions: Follow the drawing or technical requirements. For aspects not covered in this
company's specifications, current national standards should be followed.

CNC Machining Manufacturing Standards

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