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PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
First Quarter
Module 10:
Understanding the
Brain

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 PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
First Quarter
Module 10:
Understanding the
Brain
 INTRODUCTION

This module is written in support of the K to 12 Basic Education Program to

ensure attainment of standards expected of you as a learner.

This aims to equip you with essential knowledge on Understanding the Brain.
This includes the following activities/tasks:

 Expected Learning Outcome - This lays out the learning outcome that you are
expected to have accomplished at the end of the module.

 Pre-Test – This determines your prior learning on the particular lesson you
are about to take.

 Discussion of the Lesson – This provides you with the important knowledge,
principles and attitude that will help you meet the expected learning outcome.

 Learning Activities – These provide you with the application of the knowledge
and principles you have gained from the lesson and enable you to further
enhance your skills as you carry out prescribed tasks.

 Post-test – This evaluates your overall understanding about the module.

With the different activities provided in this module, may you find the material
engaging and challenging as it develops your critical thinking skills.

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 What I Need to Know

In this module, you will understand the different parts of the brain. You will
know that the human brain is not only one of the most important organs in the human
body; it is also the most complex.

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

√ Discuss that understanding the different parts of the brain, processes and functions
may help in improving thoughts, behavior and feelings. (EsP-PD11/12PM-lg-6.1)

What I Know

A. Take this Pre-test to measure what you already know about the topic to be
discussed in this module.
Directions: Do it in your notebook.

A. True or False Test. Read the statement carefully. Write T if the statement is True
and write F if it is False.

1. The brain controls your ability to think, talk, feel, see, hear, remember things, walk
and much more.
2. The brain is a soft mass of supportive tissues and nerves connected to the spinal
cord.
3. The cerebellum controls vision, hearing and other senses.
4. The frontal lobe controls personality, decision-making and reasoning,
5. The temporal lobe controls, memory, speech, and sense of smell.
6. The central nervous system is located within the skull.
7. Marijuana use hinders memory, learning, judgment and reaction times.
8. Steroids cause aggression and violent mood swings.
9. Ecstasy drug destroys neurons that make serotonin, a chemical crucial in
controlling
sleep, violence, mood swings and sexual urges.
10. Inhalants, such as glue, paint, gasoline and aerosols, destroy the outer lining of
nerve cells and make them able to communicate with one another.
11. The brain is composed only of one hemisphere.
12. The brain stem controls functions that keep people alive such as breathing, heart
rate, blood pressure and food digestion.

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B. Identification

Identify what is being referred to in each number. Choose your answer from the box
provided below.

Cerebrum cerebellum brain stem brain

_____________1. The largest part of the brain and is composed to left and right
hemispheres.
_____________2. The part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its
function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity.
_____________3. The central trunk of the mammalian brain, consisting of the
medulla
oblongata, pons, and midbrain, and continuing downward to form
the spinal cord.
_____________4. The portion of the central nervous system that is located within
the
skull.

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 What’s In

From the previous module, you were able to identify sources of stress and
illustrate the effect of stress on your system and how to cope with it. Try doing the
activity below.

Activity 1: STRESS SIGNALS

Directions: Take a look at the warning signs of stress listed below. Write down in
your notebook all the warning signs that apply to you.

PHYSICAL EMOTIONAL BEHAVIORAL

headaches mood changes Smoking
stomachaches lack of concentration nail biting
dizziness nightmares tapping
back pain panic attacks pulling hair
neck stiffness anxiety grinding hair
ulcer anger use of alcohol
sores on mouth irritability use of medication
jaw pains crying compulsive dieting
weight loss thoughts of suicide hair chewing
weight gain nervous

Answer the following questions in your notebook.

1. How do you know that you are stressed?

2. What are some ways that you usually remove or reduce the stress that cause you
physical, emotional or behavioral difficulties?

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 What’ New

ACTIVITY: LATERAL THINKING PUZZLES

To solve a lateral thinking puzzle, analyze the clues carefully and don't forget
to think really far outside of the box. This is seemingly unusual set of circumstances
and you have to try and figure out what happened or what's going on.

Directions: Write your answers in your notebook.

Scenario 1. Acting on an anonymous phone call, the police raid a house to arrest a
suspected murderer. They don't know what he looks like but they know his name is
John and that he is inside the house. The police bust in on a carpenter, a lorry driver,
a mechanic and a fireman all playing poker. Without hesitation or communication of
any kind, they immediately arrest the fireman. How do they know they've got their
man?

Scenario 2. There are six eggs in the basket. Six people each take one of the eggs.
How can it be that one egg is left in the basket?

Scenario 3. How could a baby fall out of a twenty-story building onto the ground and
live?

Scenario 4. You are driving down the road in your car on a wild stormy night, when
you pass by a bus stop and you see three people waiting for the bus:
a. An old lady who looks as if she is about to die
b. An old friend who once saved your life
c. The perfect partner you have been dreaming about
Knowing that there can only be one passenger in your car, whom would you
choose?

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 What Is It

Reading

Human Brain

The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with
the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the
cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the
body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the
sense organs, and making decisions.
https://www.bing.com/search?q=the+power+of+the+brain&qs=AS&pq=the+power+of+the+brain&sc=3-
22&cvid=264FBA3A98E34B8BB4641041B273E008&FORM=QBRE&sp=1

The Power to Act

The brain controls your ability to think, talk, feel, see, hear, remember things, walk
and much more. It even controls your breathing.

The brain is a soft mass of supportive tissues and nerves connected to the spinal
cord. Some of the nerves in the brain go right to the eyes, ears and other parts of the
head. Other nerves connect the brain with other parts of the body through the spinal
cord to control personality, senses and body functions from breathing to walking.

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The brain has three main parts:

The cerebrum, the large, outer part of the brain, controls reading, thinking, learning,
speech, emotions and planned muscle movements like walking. It also controls
vision, hearing and other senses.

The cerebrum is divided two cerebral hemispheres (halves): left and right. The right
half controls the left side of the body. The left half controls the right side of the body.

Each hemisphere has four sections, called

lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital. Each lobe controls specific
functions. For example, the frontal lobe controls personality, decision-making and
reasoning, while the temporal lobe controls, memory, speech, and sense of smell.

The cerebellum, in the back of the brain, controls balance, coordination and fine
muscle control (e.g., walking). It also functions to maintain posture and equilibrium.

The brain stem, at the bottom of the brain, connects the cerebrum with the spinal
cord. It includes the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla. It controls fundamental
body functions such as breathing, eye movements, blood pressure, heartbeat, and
swallowing.

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https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/centers_clinics/brain_tumor/about-brain-
tumors/how-the-brain-works.html

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A critical age

There is a consensus among researchers

that brain cells regenerate throughout life.

B8YuMmjn917DF8stK3MZTaWc

“The size of the brain doesn’t increase

much after 3”. It is during the first three
years of life , the brain experiences most
of its growth and develops most of its
potential in learning.
1. The brain parts are adaptable.
2. Deprivation of intellectual stimulation
occurs dramatically before age 3.
https://www.google.com/search?

q=brain+images+of+a+three+year+old&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwim7I-5iuPqAhULzIsBHVHIC7sQ2-

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Drug Damage

The question scientists can’t answer now is if the

damage is permanent.

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INHALANTS

Such as glue, paint, gasoline and aerosols destroy

the outer lining of nerve cells and make them
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unable to communicate with each other.

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 Marijuana use hinders memory, learning, judgment
and reaction times.

Steroids cause aggression and violent mood

swings

Ecstasy use is rising among young people, Rusche said, and scientists have
found that drug destroys neurons that make serotonin, a chemical crucial in
controlling sleep, violence, mood swings and sexual urges

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Source: Christy Oglesby, CNNfyi Senior Writer, December 5, 2000 from
http://edition.cnn.com/fyi/interactive/news/brain/structure.function.html

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 What’s More

Independent Activity 1

Activity: Find out about the different areas of the brain and different brain functions
and then color the different areas using the key. Write a few sentences showing what
you understand about brain function. Do it in your notebook.

(Note: Independent Activity sheet 1 is found in the next page)

Independent Assessment 1

Directions: Answer the following questions and write your answers in your
notebook.

1. What are the functions of the different regions of the brain?

2. It is the largest of the three brain sections, accounts for about 85 percent of the
brain's weight, and has four lobes?

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 Independent Activity 2

Directions: Study the picture below to figure out what the different parts of the brain
do.

http
s://www.education.com/worksheet/article/regions-of-the-brain/

Directions: Match the part of the brain to the definition. Write your answers in your
notebook.

1. cerebrum a. a bundle of nerves that sends

messages to you brain
2. cerebellum b. the thinking part of the brain
3. brain stem c. controls balance, movements and
coordination
4. spinal cord d. keeps you breathing, digesting food
and blood circulating

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 What I Have Learned

I have learned that:

 the brain controls our thoughts, memory and speech,

movement of the arms and legs, and the function of many
organs within our body.
 the human brain is not only one of the most important
organs in the human body; it is also the most complex.

What Can I Do

Directions: Write down your answers to the following question/situation correctly in

your notebook.

1. When you want to lift your fork, wave your hand, brush your hair or wink at cutie,
you form the thought and translates your will into action. What region in the brain
controls voluntary movement?

2. Pedro has a mild stroke and he can’t move nor raise his left arm. Which part of his
brain was affected?

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Assessment

A. Directions: Label the parts of the brain in the diagram below. Choose your
answer from the box provided below. Write your answers in your notebook.

cerebrum temporal lobe brainstem

cerebellum occipital lobe parietal lobe

B. Write TRUE if the statement is true and write FALSE if the statement is false.

1. The functions of the cerebrum is to controls balance, movements and

coordination.
2. The spinal cord keeps you breathing and digesting food.
3. The thinking part of the brain is brain stem.
4. The function of the cerebellum is to sends message to your brain.
5. The brain stem, at the bottom of the brain, connects the cerebrum with the spinal
cord.
6.The cerebellum, in the back of the brain, controls balance, coordination and fine
muscle control.
7. It is during the first three years of life , the brain experiences most of its growth
and
develops most of its potential in learning.
8.The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum.
9. The brain controls our thoughts, memory and speech, movement of the arms and
legs, and the function of many organs within our body.
10. The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system

References
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A. Textbook

Personal Development, Reader. Quezon City: Sunshine Intrlink Publishing House, Inc., 2016.

B. Website
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/centers_clinics/
brain_tumor/about-brain-tumors/how-the-brain-works.html (accessed on July 5,
2020)

https://www.eslprintables.com/teaching_resources/other_worksheets/
Human_Brain_Functions_383463/ (accessed on July 8, 2020)

https://www.education.com/worksheet/article/regions-of-the-brain/

(accessed on July 2, 2020)

“HumanBrain”,.https://www.bing.com/search?
q=the+power+of+the+brain&qs=AS&pq=the+power+of+the+brain&sc=3-
22&cvid=264FBA3A98E34B8BB4641041B273E008&FORM=QBRE&sp=1
(accessed on July 2, 2020)

Source: Christy Oglesby, CNNfyi Senior Writer, December 5, 2000 from

http://edition.cnn.com/fyi/interactive/news/brain/structure.function.html
(accessed on July 6, 2020)

Prepared by:

SHERRYL EVAN M. JAOS, SHST II

Banban National High School

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