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BA ADA Part 2 Essays With Outline Notes

Democracy

Outline:

1. Introduction.

2. Essentials of democracy.

3. Prosperous career of democracy.

4. Main causes of the failure of true democracy in our country (Pakistan).

5. Future of democracy, particularly in our country (Pakistan).

6. Conclusion

The Essay:

Democracy is a type of government. Despite of its certain defects, democracy has been and is
considered the best form of government in most of the countries of the world Democracy means:" Government
of the people, by the people, and for the people." in a democratic country, its citizens are allowed to take part
in the affairs of the country as a matter of right.

In general, there are the following basic essentials, which are considered necessary for the working of
democracy:

Firstly, a constitution must exist to regulate the legislative and executive functions of the government.
An absolute independence of the judiciary is essential for democracy.

Secondly, elections to the law-making bodies must be held at the well-defined intervals on the basis
of a broad-based electoral system. Thirdly, there should be freedom of thought, speech and movement in the
country.

Lastly, there should be a fair degree of literacy among the people of the country as in its absence;
democracy cannot run smoothly and efficiently.

Democracy is not mature in our country. There are many problems which disrupt the smooth flow of
democracy in our country. Some of the problems are discussed below:

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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
In our country (Pakistan), the Parliamentary democracy has been passing through its evolutionary
stages since its creation and establishment as an independent country in 1947. For a democracy to flourish, a
stable and reliable electorate is inevitable. A nation, facing hunger, disease, poverty and ignorance, cannot
form an electorate.

In our country per capita income is very low. Our standard of living is miserable. There is sheer
inequality in the distribution of wealth in our country. Our national income cannot improve the living
conditions of our people unless an effective check is placed on the ever-increasing population. Most of our
people are illiterate.

For the efficient running of democracy, the sense of public spirit, selfless service and nation-wide
vision are required. Most of our politicians do not possess these ingredients of democracy. Most of them are
power-seekers. Thus, there is a dire need of dedicated and selfless politicians. Our politicians who are creating
bad blood among the people of various provinces of the country are the worst enemies of our national integrity
and democracy.

A healthy Opposition and a free Press are indeed the guardians of Democracy. An honest Opposition
is the dire need of Democracy. Our press is, on the whole, irresponsible. Our Press must be honest. It must
analyze the prevailing situations objectively.

Corruption has become very common in our country. A corrupt society can never be democratic. The
corrupt people have been and are causing an irreparable damage to democracy in our country. As the rate of
literacy is increasing day-by-day in our country, the political consciousness is steadily growing in us. It is,
therefore, hoped that our country will, in future, become a true democratic country. If democracy is
reconstructed on the social and economic principles of Islam, no other system of government on the earth can
cope with it.

Education System in Pakistan (Our Education System)

Outline

1. Our education system is outdated.

2. Our education is not based on Islamic principles.

3. In our country, we need more skilled workers.

4. Our national language is not confirmed yet.

5. Examination system needs radical changes.

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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)

The Essay:

The present system of our education is rotten to the core since the creation of Pakistan. There has
always been a dream of the masses that the prevailing system of education should be improved and modified.
Today we are facing many educational problems.

First, our education is not based on Islamic principles. It is too materialistic in its outlook. The result
is chaos in society. The students of today are disrespectful to their parents and elders. The present indiscipline
in the schools and colleges can only be cured if the students are made familiar with the Islamic principles. We
should pursue western science, but we should not forget that we are Muslims.

Secondly, Pakistan is a developing country. We need more and more skilled persons. We need doctors,
engineers, agriculturists and technicians in all spheres of life. Our problem is to have more industrial and
technical colleges. Education in humanities should be kept on but it should be restricted only to a few ones.
This will solve the problem of unemployment to a great extent. Moreover, we will be able to get rid of the
foreign experts.

"Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all." (Aristotle)

Thirdly, the need for suitable books is being felt in Pakistan badly. Most of the books are foreign
published. The learned men and scholars in our country must devote themselves to the writing of new books
according to the level of students.

Fourthly, the most burning question is that of the national language. There are many languages in our
country as Urdu, Punjabi, Pushto, Balochi, Sindhi etc. These languages should be developed to high standards
so that these may become suitable medium of expression

Lastly, our system of examination needs a drastic change. Our examinations don't test the real
intelligence and knowledge of the students. Good marks and divisions in the examinations depend on
cramming. Our education system should discourage cramming work. It should take all possible steps to
engender originality of thoughts and an aptitude for research work. Our education department should reshape
our whole education system from nursery to the university level.

Energy Crisis or Load Shedding (Power Crisis)

Outline:

1. Electric energy is of utmost importance for the survival of modern life

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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
2. The load shedding has affected our country badly.

3. We do not have sufficient supply of power due to some reasons.

4. We also suffer from shortage of electricity due to some minor reasons.

5. Conclusion: We can fight against energy crisis by adopting certain measures.

The Essay:

Electric energy is of utmost importance for the survival of modern life. The prosperity of a country is
directly linked with the supply of energy. The working of railways, hospitals and business centers, entirely
depend on electricity. Without electricity our farms and industry will stop production. Our houses, trade
centers, roads, schools and colleges will turn into grave yards. It is unfortunate that the production of such a
vital thing is insufficient in Pakistan. The population of our country is growing at a very rapid rate. The
production of electricity is far less to meet the increasing needs of our future. The result is that we have to
resort to load shedding in the country.

The load shedding has affected our country badly. It has disturbed our social, economic and cultural
life badly. The hospitals and medical educational centers suffer a lot.
We do not have sufficient supply of power due to following reasons.

Firstly, we generate electricity from water, oil, coal and gas. Water is the cheapest source of producing
electricity. We have failed to build Kala Baugh Dam. Had it been built, the power supply would have been in
plentiful and at same time, it would have been cheap.

Secondly, the electricity generated by coal, gas and oil is very costly. The electricity produced by these
elements is called thermal power. The setting up of thermal power is highly expensive for a developing
country, like ours.

Thirdly, we can produce electricity by nuclear energy. Nuclear power stations are not easy to set up.
The nuclear reactors are very costly. We suffer from shortage of electricity due to the following reasons also:

1. The demand for electricity increases due to the electrification of villages. The new housing colonies also
need it for domestic use. This has increased the demand of electricity.

2. The use of electricity increases in summer. The use of air conditioners is increasing every year.

3. The measures to save energy have failed badly. The business centers, hotels, roads and streets are lit up
during night hours. The entire nation suffers from indiscipline. All lights are always 'on' in the houses.

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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
We can fight against energy crisis by adopting following measures:

1. The generation of electricity can be increased by setting up more power stations.

2. Nuclear energy should be used as a major source of energy.

3. The government should undertake research to find ways and means to generate more power by cheap
sources. Solar energy can be used as a main source of energy.

4. A campaign on electronic media should be started to save energy by all means.

Inflation (Rising of Prices)

Outline:

1. The prices of necessities of life are rising constantly.

2. Inflation has adverse effects on different sections of society.

3. Rising prices also affect national life in the economic field.

4. There are many factors which cause rise in prices.

5. The developmental activities in developing countries usually cause inflation.

6. The conclusion. Our first duty should be to check the birth rate.

The Essay:

The prices of necessities of life are rising constantly. They are posing a serious problem for everybody
in the country. The problem of rising prices has become a universal problem. This problem assumes an acute
form in the developing countries, like Pakistan. The majority of people in our country belong to the low income
group. Therefore, they are hard hit by the high prices of essential goods which register a rise every week and
every month. The result is that the standard of living of the poor people is dwindling day by day.

Inflation has adverse effects on different sections of society. Most of the people have not sufficient
means to buy the necessities of life. They are compelled to use unfair means to have them. In this way, the
society is troubled by pick-pockets, thieves, robbers etc.) those government servants who cannot make both
ends meet become corrupt. They abuse their powers and accept bribe. In this way, they promote injustice and
cruelty in national life.

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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
Rising prices also affect national life in the economic field. The businessmen think of adulteration,
black marketing and other methods to maximize their profits.

There are many factors which cause rise in prices. Firstly, the most important of these is the increase
in population) the population of our country is increasing at a rapid rate. But the economic resources do not
increase at the same rate. It results into inflation.

Secondly, if the demand is higher than the supply, the goods will be naturally sold at higher prices.
The wrong policies of government often lead to hoarding, smuggling and black marketing of the essential
goods. Thirdly, if a businessman has a monopoly in the production and sale of a certain commodity he can
raise its price as and when he desires.

In developing countries like Pakistan, the developmental activities usually cause inflation. The funds
and the loans that are acquired from foreign countries are invested on different projects. They increase the
circulation of money in the country and cause inflation.

Our first duty should be to check the birth rate. We should make a vigorous propaganda in favour of
family planning. Secondly, the government should not impose so many taxes, duties or surcharges on those
commodities which are used by the common man and which are considered necessary for human life.

Information Technology

Outline:

1. Information Technology is a miraculous achievement of modern times.

2. IT is very famous in Pakistan now.

3. Pakistan has done wonders in IT.

4. IT has great profit.

5. Pakistan must popularize its scope in the whole country.

The Essay:

"The computer was born to solve the problems that did not exist before." (Bill Gates)

Information Technology is one of the miraculous achievements of modern man. In a very short span
of time, man has reached the peak of progress in Information Technology. Now IT is involved in almost all

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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
the fields of man's life. The main components of IT are Information System, Internet Technology, Computer,
Hardware and Software of Computer Industry.

IT is a buzzword these days in Pakistan. It has received warm response from all walks of life in the
country. It is the top priority of the government. To promote software exports, the government has announced
a number of incentives. It has formulated a proper IT policy and action policy.

Pakistan's achievements in the field of Information Technology are numerous. It has many advantages.
Firstly, it is a great source of vast information, fast communication and unending entertainment. It helps better
in decision making and opinion building. It has truly changed the world into a global village. Secondly, it can
help us in exploring the world. Thirdly, IT is a key to progress and prosperity of the world. Now, the more a
nation acquires mastery in the field of Information Technology, the more chances it has to rule the world.

"Computers are incredibly fast, accurate and stupid; humans are incredibly slow, inaccurate and
brilliant; together they are powerful beyond imagination." (Einstein)

Information Technology has great profit. It trains personnel to prove a priceless asset both at home and
abroad. It can decrease unemployment in the country. The export of hard and software can earn a lot of foreign
exchange. Pakistan can also promote its tourism industry by introducing its culture, people and natural beauty
through it.

Pakistan must be well aware to reap the advantages that IT offers. Firstly, it must expand and
modernize further IT infrastructure in the country. Secondly, it must popularize internet by increasing access
to it at low rates. Besides, all gadgets concerning IT should be made available at low price. We hope that the
future of Information Technology is bright in Pakistan.

Pakistan’s Problems as a Developing Country

How to Make Pakistan Strong and Stable?

Outline

1. The developing countries have many problems in common.

2. Our country has a very outdated, outmoded and outlandish feudal system.
3. Literacy is the greatest evil of our society.
4. Overpopulation is also the greatest evil of our society.
5. Unemployment goes hand in hand with the abnormal increase in population
6. Inflation and the rising tide of crime are the greatest evils.
7. The conclusion
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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
The Essay:
The developing countries have many problems in common though for some like South Korea,
Malaysia and Chile these problems are becoming fewer each year.
Firstly, our country has a very outdated, outmoded and outlandish feudal system, which has brought about 70
percent of our population and three-fourths of our land to a standstill situation. Ever since the departure of the
English from the India, Pakistan has been under the constant dead weight of the feudal lords or big landowners.

Secondly, the new industrial and business big guns in the cities need to be trained and controlled so that their
position and wealth do not become a problem for society. They should be made to pay full taxes and to
contribute for the welfare of their employees and servants.

Thirdly, our country, with so many other developing countries, is entangled in the narcotic (drug) business.
Some northern areas in our country produce heroin that is smuggled out enriching our traders greatly.

Fourthly, illiteracy is the greatest evil of our society because of which the people cannot understand their
problems and social realities well. It has kept them backward to this day. In fact, about 80 percent people here
are illiterate or semi-literate. These people can never hope to advance in agriculture, business, industry, politics
or any other field without the necessary education.

Fifthly, connected with illiteracy is overpopulation or population explosion. The poor uneducated people have
the largest number of children and the biggest families.

Sixthly, unemployment goes hand in hand with the abnormal increase in population. The economy should
expand, industrialization should be much faster and technical and industrial education should be imparted on
a large scale.

Seventhly, the problem of rising prices or inflation or the fall in the value of the rupee is constantly painful
for the common person.

Eighthly, the problem of rapid shift of village populations to the cities (urbanization) and pressure on cities
can be addressed by developing our countryside.

Ninthly, the rising tide of crime, especially in the cities, in the form of dacoities, murders, sexual abuse and
corruption in different forms can only be checked if the solution to the eight big problems outlined above can
be suitably found.

Tenthly, the problem of national integration or national unity by neutralizing the divisive tendencies in the
provinces needs to be resolved.

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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
Our country, like the other developing countries, needs a true modern democratic setup. With an educated
population, industrialization in full swing, agriculture in full development, social peace and encouraging law
and order situation, our country can be a truly advanced one. We need to find a lasting solution to our problems
that, if not solved in time, are likely to finish us off.

Pleasures of Childhood

1. Childhood is the earliest period of a person's life.

2. As a child grows up, he feels more and more attached with his childhood.

3. Life of a child is the name of happiness and merriment.

4 All the grownups claim that childhood is the best part of life.

5. A man always feels excited to remember the golden period of his childhood.

6. In childhood, small things give enough pleasure and relaxation.

7. The childhood memories have often been praised by poets and writers.

The Essay:

Childhood is the earliest period of a person's life. This is the period when memory is not very sharp
and lasting. Up to the age of two to three, a child easily forgets happy or unhappy moments. The emotional
moments do not have strong impact on a child's mind. From that age onwards, his emotional senses start
developing.

As a child grows up, he feels more and more attached with his childhood because the ever growing
responsibilities, overpowering demands of life and rapid awakening of the world around force him to be
nostalgic about childhood. The oppressing demands of life force him to take refuge in the dim, happy and
carefree memories of childhood, when life was smooth sailing without worries, anxieties or work.

Life of a child is the name of happiness and merriment. Life of a child is nothing more than eat, drink
and be merry. The unforgettable charm of childhood keeps coming back to make him happy and move forward
in life.

All the grownups claim that childhood is the best putt of life. No doubt it is the golden period of life
because cares, worries and troubles are not part of this period. The kindness of parents, love of brothers and
sisters, merry games and fun with friends at school, hide and seek in the backyard, old dear home, chocolates
and cakes, parties and family gatherings, everything tries to come back and make them smile.
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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
A man always feels excited to remember the golden period of life. A child is care free, high spirited and easily
delighted with life. A child very often wanders like a free soul in the open fields enjoying the natural beauty
in the fields and the pastures.

In childhood small things give enough pleasure and relaxation. Such things as to climb the trees, ride
a pony and swim in shallow ponds give great excitement and merriment to a child in his childhood. The
childhood memories have often been praised by poets and writers. The poetry of Wordsworth is full of verses
which had been written in memory and praise of childhood

To conclude, we can say that childhood is a period of endless joy, fun and merriment. Childhood is
such a golden period of life which a man cannot forget throughout his life.

Why I Love my Country (Patriotism)

Outline:

1. I love my country (Pakistan), because l am a true patriot.

2. We love it because it is our native land

3. The beasts too love their homes.

4. A true patriot always thinks of, and acts for, the welfare of his country and countrymen

5. Patriotism has some demands.

6. The conclusion

The Essay:

I love my country (Pakistan), because l am a true patriot. Patriotism means a selfless love of a person
for his country and countrymen. It is a natural passion. We love it because it is our native land. We love it
because we live in it, breathe its air, drink its sweet water, eat its food, and enjoy its beautiful natural sights.

The beasts too love their homes. If a man has no love for his country, he is worse than a beast. The names of
great men shine in history because they, being true patriots, loved their country and countrymen. On the other
hand, the names of the traitors are remembered with curses.

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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
A true patriot, like me, always thinks of, and acts for, the welfare of his country and countrymen. He takes a
leading part in the Defence of his country. He does not demand the price of his services for his country. He is
always prepared to sacrifice his life and property in the Defence of his country. He lives for his country and
dies for his country.

Patriotism is a great force. It brings the people of a country closer. It makes them have common aims. It makes
them feel that they have to live and die together. It is because of true patriotism that the soldiers are ready to
die for their country.

We should be true patriots. We should make our country strong and prosperous; we must not allow others to
deprive us of our freedom and independence. In any case, we should not begin hating other nations or countries
in our spirit of patriotism/We should not think that our country is superior to others and has a right to dominate
them. A number of wars have been the result of such an attitude.

Patriotism has some demands. Its first demand is to place the collective interest of the country above self-
interest. It also demands the creation of high individual character, hatred for wrong and love for truth and
piety. Patriotism is not merely to be professed (claimed) but it is to be shown through action.

To conclude, a person loves his country out of the passion of patriotism. Patriotism teaches us not only to love
our own country and countrymen, but also to think of, and act for, the betterment of all the human beings in
the world. Like a true patriot, I love my country (Pakistan) from the core of my heart. I am, therefore, always
prepared to sacrifice my life and property in the Defence of my country. We all should be patriotic in our
feelings and thoughts, aims and actions everywhere all the time. I am proud of my being a true patriot.

Women's Place in Society

Outline

1. In the past women did not enjoy many rights.

2. Now women are conscious of their rights as citizens.

3. Women have proved their worth in every field of life.

4. She is biological different from man.

5. Our religion Islam is not against the education of women.

6. The conclusion. We should give equal human rights to women in our society.

The Essay:
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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
In the past, women were looked upon as slaves. Her main profession was to obey and entertain her
husband. Thus a woman's activities were confined to the kitchen and the nursery. Toward the end of the 19th
century, there came the revolt of women.

The position of women in our society, on the whole, is not very satisfactory. Most of our women living
in the villages are uneducated and uncultured. Women in the villages cannot often marry as they like. The
women in the cities are in a somewhat better position.

Literature of 19th century made them conscious of their duties and privileges. Education more than
anything else was responsible for the emancipation of women. She made a great demand for the right to vote.
She succeeded in it. At present a number of women are members of the parliament in our country. Today
women are working as typists in offices, telephone operators, teachers, doctors and what not. In our country,
we have women athletes, writers, leaders and administrators. They are taking an active part in the social life
of the country.

However, there is a group of thinkers who believe that women should not take part in the social and
cultural activities of the country. They believe that man is for the sword and woman for the needle, man is
to command and woman is to obey. Their judgment is based on prejudice and it is one sided. The real danger
is that women are making a wrong use of their emancipation. Most of the girl’s students in educational
institutions misuse their freedom. Many women misuse mobile phones.

Women are different from men in their bodily form and constitution. It is her sacred duty to produce
children and look after them. She has to play the role of a teacher for her children. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W)
has said,

"Paradise lies under the feet of a mother".

This shows that in Islam a woman enjoys great status. Her rights are equal with men, but her duties
are different. Napoleon once said,

“Give me good mothers and I shall give you a good nation."

This means that morally good mothers build a nation of brave and strong people.Islam does not prohibit
women to do jobs. Women can do any job within the framework of Islam. They can adopt any profession of
their choice. Women should do a job when they are actually in need of it. They should first of all look after
their children and make them good citizens. We should give enough chances to our women to work in different
fields of life. We should give the right place to our women in society.

Science and the Modern World or Marvels of Science or Blessings of Science or Wonders of science

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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
Outline:

1. We live in the age of science.

2. Science has brought a revolution in the matters of transportation and communication.

3. Telephone, wireless, radio and television and computer are wonderful inventions of science.

4. Electricity is perhaps the most wonderful invention of science.

5. It has also done wonders in the world of medicine.

6. It has made our social life easy and comfortable.

7. Science has made us open minded and rational.

The Essay:

We live in the age of science. It has added many comforts to our life. The impossibilities of the past
have been made possible. New miracles are happening every day. Man has conquered the forces of nature. It
has helped man to explore the hidden treasures of the Earth. Man has now learnt to land on the Moon. He is
in search of new worlds.

Science has brought a revolution in the fields of transportation and communication. It has shortened
the distance. In the past, travelling was a difficult and dangerous matter. It took weeks and months to reach
from one place to another. Now those days have gone. There are rocket planes that travel at the speed of seven
or eight hundred miles per hour. They travel faster than sound.

Telephone, wireless, radio, television and computer are wonderful inventions of science. They connect
us with the world within the twinkling of an eye. The radio, internet and T.V are remarkable means of
information and education for us. Internet has brought the countries close together.

Electricity is perhaps the most wonderful invention of science. It is used as a source of light heat and
power. With the help of power, we can now change the course of the rivers, level the mountains and cultivate
the barren lands. Without it, the whole progress of industry would come to standstill. It cools our food and
irons our clothes.

It has also done wonders in the world of medicine. Treatment by X-ray and radiations is one of the
greatest wonders of science. Difficult surgical operations have become a routine matter. Laser technology is
based on the control of beams of light for special purposes. Lasers are used in industry for cutting and boring

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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
metals and other materials. In medicine, laser technology is used in surgical operations. The use of laser beams
in sound transmission is becoming common.

It has made our social life easy and comfortable. It has given us many ways of recreation. The cinema,
radio and television have made us cheerful and comfortable.

In fact, science teaches us to work without prejudice. Scientists in all the countries use the same
scientific formulas, laws and results. They should, therefore, work together for the advancement of human
beings. They should not, in any case, prepare weapons of mass destruction.

Science has made us open minded and rational. Now we analyze everything before we believe it. We
do not have faith in ghosts and spirits. Now-a-days science has made us practical minded Science is a supreme
knowledge and it should be used for the supreme good of all human beings.

SOCIAL EVILS IN PAKISTAN

 Social Evil in Pakistan
 Challenges for Pakistan
 Some problem faced by Pakistan
 Modern Pakistan
 How to make Pakistan Strong and Stable?
 Problem of Pakistan

OUTLINE

(i) Social evils are present in every country. Even the developed countries like America and Britain
suffer from them.

(ii) The unfair and imbalanced distribution of wealth is at the root of every social evil.

(iii) The people of Pakistan have great love for collecting wealth. Their excessive fondness for collecting
wealth has given birth to many social evils.

(iv) Social evils generate an atmosphere of disorder, anarchy and injustice.

(v) Bribery and corruption have been a routine matter in every field of life.

(vi) Hoarding, black marketing, child lifting, smuggling, horse racing and drinking are some of the
social evils that are found in Pakistan.

ESSAY:

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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
Social evils are present in every country. Even the developed countries like America and Britain suffer from
them. In Pakistan, social evils have developed into an institution. Social evils surround us like diseased tress.
They are many causes for the growth and spread of social evils.

Firstly, the unfair and imbalance distribution of wealth is at the root of every social evil.

Secondly, the people are Pakistan are greedy and ambitious of collecting wealth by fair and foul means. They
have become selfish. They have bidden good bye to the life of simplicity and contentment. Their excessive
fondness for collecting worldly gains has given birth to many social evils.

Social evils eat the very root of every civilized society. They cause great loss to the peace and happiness of
people. They generate an atmosphere of disorder, anarchy and injustice. The forces of injustice and evil have
a sway. A society surrounded by evils remains backward forever. Its growth becomes stunted. It ceases to
have the spark of creativity and growth. Such a society becomes a curse for mankind.

There are many social evils which have eaten the very roots of our society. They are listed below.

Bribery and corruption have become a routine matter in every office, department and field of life. Favouritism
and nepotism exist everywhere. This has defeated the very concept of justice in Pakistan. It has blackened the
face of merit in every walk of life. It has put a stop to true progress, equality and development.

Hoarding and black-marketing are the twin evils that cause abnormal inflation. The black marketers are the
enemies of people. They are traitors. They cause the shortage of foodstuff and are responsible for the increase
of prices of different commodities.

Smuggling is another social evil which is very harmful to society. The smugglers cause great harm to the
economy of country. Foreign goods are smuggled into the country on a large scale. Consequently, the local
industry, business or agriculture suffer. The government cannot collect taxes on the smuggled goods.
Sometimes inferior goods are smuggled and the government cannot exercise any control on them. Therefore,
inferior goods as medicine, foodstuff may cause a serious damage to human health.

Adulteration is another social evil which is very harmful to society. The adulterators mix cheap and harmful
things in food items like milk, honey, spices, pulses and wheat etc. They play with the health of the people.
They are a curse to society.

Lavish expenditure on ceremonies like marriages like marriages and funerals have become the order of the
day. Rich people make a show of their wealth on the marriage of their children. It causes a sense of deprivation
among the people. Moreover, this reflects an attitude which feeds on greed, selfishness and vanity. The
wastage of wealth for the fulfillment of such bad customs cannot be approved by any sane person.

Social evils like gambling, horse racing, honour killing, drinking are a rampant in our society. Social evils are
widespread because of ignorance, illiteracy, poverty and injustice. We can eliminate these social evils by two
ways; by the enforcement of law and by educating the people against the harms through electronic media.

IMPORTANCE OF MASS MEDIA

 The role of newspaper
 Importance of Newspaper
Newspaper can do a lot of good as well as harm
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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
 The power of electronic media
 Media and society
 The role of electronic media
 The role of press
 The print media
 Freedom of media
OUTLINE

(i) The mass media mean the sources of information and entertainment which are available to the public
or masses of a country. They are divided into two kinds, print media and electronic media.

(ii) The mass media control our mind.

(iii) They are great source of building public opinion.

(iv) They educate the masses from the art of cooking to the philosophy of casting a vote.

(v) Internet is the latest addition to the mass media.

ESSAY:

The mass media mean the diversified sources of information and entertainment which are available to the
public or masses of a country by mass communication. These media play an important role in building public
opinion in a democratic country. They are divided into two kind; print media and electronic media.

Print media include physical objects such as newspapers, books, pamphlets, comics and magazines etc.
whereas electronic media consist of radio, television and internet. Media has a great source of information and
entertainment to all type of people. Nobody can deny their influence. Everybody looks to them to get
information about their country, nation, religion and culture. They exercise a great influence on the workers,
teachers, doctors, businessmen and all type of professionals. If media are stopped from yielding information
to the public, the entire world would plunge into darkness and ignorance. They build our knowledge and
strengthen our opinion about different things.

The mass media control our mind. We believe whatever they propagate. We came to know about our life of
villages, cities and towns through mass media. We come across the rise and fall in business, agriculture and
industry through mass media. Let a minor incident happen in any part of the world, we come to know each
detail of it through mass media. Mass media make a record of everything which takes place in the world. They
do not hide anything from the public eye.

The electronic media have governed and dominated the mind of the public in a very forceful manner. The
radio and television bring to everyone the pleasures of music, songs, dances, dramas and films. They make us
aware of the religious and cultural life of every country of the world. Even a lay man knows many things about
the latest discoveries and inventions taking place in the world. It is because of electronic media that people
were able to watch the murder of J.F. Kennedy and attack on Regon. They were also able to watch live
coverage of the funeral of Diana, attack on World Trade Centre and bomb blast at different places. The mass
media tell us about hurricanes, earthquakes and river floods in a graphic manner. They record for the masses
the details of bomb blasts, suicide attacks and other acts of violence and aggression.

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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
The mass media are a great source of building public opinion. They build our knowledge and educated our
sentiments. We form our own opinion about politics, religion and business under the influence of mass media.
Even the man on the street has his opinion about the performance of the rulers. He can easily decide whom he
should vote in the coming election. He can form reliable judgment about the business trends going on in the
country.

The mass media educate a domestic woman about cooking, medicine and elementary nursing of children. The
children have informative and entertaining Programme of their mental standard. They can build their
knowledge about different branches of knowledge at a very early stage.

Internet is the latest addition to the mass media. Through it, we are connected with the computer network of
the world. Through it, we are connected with the activities of the world within no time. We are connected with
the universities, offices, firms, business concerns and other nerve centres of life within no time. We can pay
our bills, fees of admission and adjust our bank accounts through internet. Internet provides us jobs and
suitable matches for marriage. It connects us with the latest discoveries in the field of medicine, surgery,
wireless, industry and latest technology. of every field within no time. We can plan our journey and devise a
better route for the journey through the weather report forecast by mass media.

THE ECONOMIC CRISIS OF PAKISTAN

OUTLINE:

 Pakistan is passing through the most critical (‫ )خطر ناک‬period of its history.
 Many crises (‫ )بحران‬related to the economic, social, religious and political fields have emerged (‫)ابھرا‬
and threatened the very integrity of Pakistan. Crisis (‫ )واحد‬Crises (‫)جمع‬.
 The economic crisis is the worst of all.
 Many factors are responsible for it.
 Flight of capital from the banks by the influential people.
 Load shedding has halted the wheel of industry and business.
 War on terrorism has also affected the economic condition of Pakistan.
 The rulers of Pakistan are selfish and greedy. They lead a very rich life and waste the resources of
the country.
 We can overcome the economic crisis by the following measures.
 The rulers must lead a simple life.
 Load shedding should be controlled.
 War against terrorism must be stopped.
The economic crisis of Pakistan

Pakistan is passing through the worst and the most critical period of its history. It is besieged with many crises.
These crises are related to the social, political and economic fields of national life. These crises have threatened
the very unity and integrity of the country. They have produced frustration despair and uncertainty in the
people.

The economic crisis is the worst problem that Pakistan faces today. Rumours are afoot that Pakistan is going
to default economically. This has motivated the big capitalists and investors of the country to take away their
money to foreign countries. This flight of capital has shaken the very fiber of economic stability. At the same
time, people are greatly upset at the rising rate of inflation. The Import bill is just the double of the export bill.

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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
Our trade deficit is simply nerve shattering. The country is left with 2 months foreign reserves to pay for the
import bill are sky rocketing The prices of different commodities.

Poverty and hunger have driven people to commit suicide. A large number of people are living beyond the
line of poverty. The stock exchanges of Pakistan are at their weakest points. The banking system shows signs
of illness. There is a shortage of water, food and energy in the country. The economic crisis of Pakistan has
made people mentally ill and diseased.

Let us study the causes of economic crisis of our country.

There are many factors which are responsible for the economic crisis of Pakistan.

(1) The rulers of Pakistan are mostly corrupt and dishonest. They are motivated by their own selfish interests.
They have always tried to feather their nest. They exploit the masses and collect wealth. They keep this ill
gotten wealth in foreign banks. The flight of capital to the foreign countries on the part of the selfish rulers of
Pakistan is the major cause of economic crisis of Pakistan.

(2) The multi-national companies and NGO's work and operate in the country without any let or hindrance.
They exploit the resources of the country and loot the people. Their main object is to deprive people of their
earning. The prices of medicine, food stuff and many essential commodities of life have gone sky rocketing
due to their manipulation.

(3) Pakistan is facing a crisis in the power sector. Severe load shedding has halted the wheel of industry and
business and rendered thousands of people unemployed. This has also deepened the economic crisis.

(4) The very economic stability of Pakistan is threatened by its corrupt and inefficient administration. The
high ranking civil and military officers indulge in corruption and embezzlement of funds. The economic aid
furnished by the world countries is not spent on the development of country but is being robbed by these
powerful bureaucrats.

(5) The recent war against terrorism has also left a bad influence on our economy. Our useful and costly
resources are being heavily spent on a meaningless war. We have been entangled in this war by the super
power America. War settles nothing but it involves heavy expenditure only. We can improve and stabilize the
economic condition of Pakistan by taking the following measures.

(a) The rulers of Pakistan must be forced by the united power of people to lead a simple and contented life.

(b) Pakistan is a great country. It has 22 crore people which is the biggest source of its power. It has vast
agricultural and mineral resources. Its people must be made to lead a life of struggle, independence a sacrifice.
They should be trained to exploit their resources and live within their means. The rulers of Pakistan should
not beg aid from other countries. They must teach the nation to live a life of freedom and independence and
not to beg from powerful countries. The economy of Pakistan must be linked with Islamic countries and not
with western countries. The Islamic economic system which is based on justice and social order must be
enforced in the country. The working of multinational companies and NGO's must be discouraged and
frustrated. Capitalism which is based on interest and selfish interests of the rick is on its last legs. It is dying
its death in all the western countries. Our rulers should also replace capitalism with Islamic economic system.

GENERAL ESSAY 50 IN ONE

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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
 Social problems in our society and crimes in our society.
 Corruption.
 Social evils.
 Nepotism.
 Smuggling.
 Over population.
 Population and poverty.
 Inflation.
 Dearness. Drug.
 Sectarianism.
 Social and economic problems of Pakistan.
 Economic crises.
 Mass illiteracy.
 Beggary.
 Drug addiction.
 Bribery.
 Dowry.
 Violence.
 Despair.
 Depression.
 Black marketing.
 Social and economic crises.
 Indiscipline.
 Hoarding.
 Hypocrisy.
 Injustice.
 Road side robbery.
 Provincialism.
 Religious violence.
 Ethic violence.
 Lack of tolerance.
 Dis unity.
 Black biting.
 Un employment.
 Terrorism.
 Lawlessness.
 Violation of fundamental rights.
 Feudalism or Feudal Repute.
 Capitalism.
 Flattery.
 Health problems.
 Freedom of press.
 Tax exclusion.
 In sufficient Medical facilities.
 Crushing border of foreign debt.
 The devastation of currency.
 Electricity crises.

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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
 Inflation.
 Mass illiteracy.
OUTLINE

INTRODUCTION

1. Unique human nature and instinct

2. Social needs of man

REASONS

1. Lack of education

2. Ignorance of Islamic spirit

3. Poor law and order

4. Poverty

5. Geo strategic position of Pakistan

6. Poor planning

EFFECTS

1. Frustration

2. Suicides and terrorism

3. Economic problems

4. End of peace of mind

SOLUTIONS

1. Reversal of reasons

2. Strengthening of institutions

CONCLUSION

1. Faith in youth

ESSAY:

Mankind is not likely to salvage civilization unless he can evolve a system of good and evil which is
independent of heaven and hell.....George Orwell

Man is the unique creation of God. He has been blessed with goodness as well as evil. His conscience
differentiates between these two faculties. Though man is the supreme creation of God, yet he is blend of evil
and goodness. His wisdom and thoughts can change the outlook of this world.

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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
"The mind is its own place, and in itself can make a heaven of hell, a hell of heaven." MILTON

Man has instinct of selfishness, greed and getting power and wealth. These qualities of man cause many evil
practices. Man is a social animal. He can't live independently. He depends upon each another. A society is
balanced if every one cares for other's rights and duties. The harmony in the society is only possible if everyone
follows the rules and regulation in the society. When one over reaches one's limits, social evils like _____
appear in the community. _______ is common problem of not only Pakistan but also of the whole world. Man
shares nature across the world. The human instinct plays havocs all over the world. It is grave in nature. There
are many reasons of _____.

Lack of real education is the cause of this problem. Thus it is very common in the developing countries like
Pakistan. The uneducated people can't realize the harms of _____. They continue practicing _______. They
become selfish and greedy. The rating of Pakistan in this regard is alarming. The literacy rate is very low. The
facts and figures of literacy are not reliable and up to the mark. There is a poor law and order in the country.
The foreign investment is not encouraged in this situation. This affects economy of the country. Human life
becomes uncertain. It also causes brain drain. The intellectual leave the country for good.

Islamic teachings are ignored by the people. They don't differentiate between what is right and what is wrong.
Islamic ideology is only thought to be a set of certain prayers. The people have forgotten that Islam is practical
religion. The role of an individual in a society is its basic concern. The religious scholars are involved in
conflicts. This has resulted bad effects like ______. Poverty is another factor which contributes _____ directly
and indirectly. Man becomes indulged in evil practice in his economic deprivation. The social difference also
motivates the people to commit wrong. Many social evils are interdependent. They can cause ______. There
are vested interests of many powerful countries of the world in Pakistan. They fulfill their evil designs and
cause many evils like _____ directly and indirectly. Pakistan has very crucial geographical position.

There is a poor planning on the part of govt. The officials and managers are corrupt and inefficient. They are
unable to control ____ in the country. The excessive exposure to media has effected mentally and physically.
The people want to imitate the models and actors. This causes the beginning of a race for money. It causes
_____. There is no rule of law and institutional role in the country. There is no planning and strategy to fight
against ______.

This problem of _____ has disturbed human life in general. The people become frustrated. The crimes and
suicide are caused as a result. The economic progress stops. Uncertainty increases. The life of a common
person becomes difficult. It causes brain and capital flight from the country. The people remain jobless and
commit crimes. Terrorism threatens the peace of mind. The problems associated with ______ can be dealt in
different ways. The following few suggestions can be useful in this regard.

1. The law and order should be made effective.

2. The Govt should revise and improve education according to national needs.

3. The public should be made aware regarding their duties and rights and harms of ______.

4. Electronic and print media should play important role to highlight the causes of _____ and solutions on
different forums.

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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
5. The police and judiciary culture should be changed and institutions should be strengthened to control
_______.

6. Salaries and wages should be increased to control to make economic condition better ____.

7. The religious scholars should invoke the true concept of practical Islam and social justice and equality.

The problem of ______ is very grave, however, it can be solved by doing action sincerely and selflessly. Our
youth is a ray of hope for prosperous future of Pakistan. Only a life lived for others is a life worthwhile.

Positive Essay
Outlines:
1. Introduction--------------------
2. Importance of-------------------------
3. Some disadvantages of------------------------
4. The present conditions of--------------------------
5. Future of-------------------------
6. Some suggestion to improve--------------------
7. Conclusion-----------------
Essay:
There are many department, fields and institutions which can play an important role for the survival of a
country.
----------------- is also one of them which can prove very useful in the stabilization and progress of country.
It is an admitted fact that no country of the world can survive without------------------
The important of ------------------- is quite clear.
It plays an important role in our society, educational system and culture. It can play an important role in our
daily life.
------------------- is a part and parcel of our life. If we understand the utility of-------------------- we can get many
advantages from it.
Inspite of having many advantages-------------------- has also many disadvantages.
It can prove very disastrous for the people as well as country if we do not use it in a reasonable way.
Some people get many advantages out of it due to which our economy has to face a lot of problems.
There is no doubt that the present condition of-------------------------- is better than that the past.
But it still needs improvements.
The conflict among our political leaders, weakness of our political institutions, dictatorial attitude of our
military institutions and laziness of our government have been damaging the utility of-------------- in our
country.

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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
It is due to personal interest of the concerned authorities that we cannot get the desired results. Therefore, the
present condition of the--------------------- is not good as it should be.

Because of some drawbacks we can never say that the future of ----------------- is dark. By changing our attitude
toward------------- public corporation, strong social, economic and administrative system, national unity and
by acting upon the golden principles of Islam, we can transform the future of ---------- from dark to bright.
The government should pay attention to serious aspect of the society.
Program should be telecasted on the reformation of -----------------------
Everyone should lend a helping hand for the improvement of-------------------------
The ruling party as well as opposition should play their positive role to achieve the target.
The one we can say that if we follow the above mentioned points we can use -------------------for the benefits
of society.
There is no doubt that everything has its dark and bright aspect. Now it depends on us whether we use it for
construction or destruction purpose.
Collective and individual efforts on the part of the citizen can make ------------ useful
as it is desired.
Further the strong economic, social and administrative system can improve the---------- condition of ------- to
a great extent.
Negative Essay
Outline:
1. Introduction...
2. Causes of...........
3. Harms of
4. The present condition of…
5. The role of media
6. Role of courts.............
7. The government should take serious steps against.........
8. Elimination of unemployment, inflation, illiteracy, corruption, terrorism, poverty, target killing
etc.............
9. Material prosperity............
10. Conclusion.......
11. Corruption of all the institution of the state with one another……….

Essay:

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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
Man is a social animal. He has to face many problems to live in a society.
But he can control all these problems if he lives in unity. Unity is such a power as can control all the problems.
Therefore, it is said, Union is strength.
Nobody can deny that .............. a worldwide problem. It has cast disaster effects on our society and nation.
It is one of the great social, economic, political and moral problems. It has become a great problem for our
peaceful society.
It has deprived every man of his mental peace. This problem has adopted an alarming position for the last
many years.
Now it has really become a threat for our society. Therefore, it should be controlled as soon as possible.
This problem is not only confined to our country but it has also spread in the whole world. It has spoiled our
social, political, economic and moral institution.
Perhaps, we have become the worst victim of…………….. There are many causes of the spread of……………
The major cause of……….. in our society is weak government. The administration does not try to
solve............... honestly and sincerely.
As a result..................is becoming strong. Those people who are involved in the..................are very strong.
Most of them belong to the government.
They know that no one can take action against them.
Another causes of………..is illiteracy rate in our country.
Most of the people in our country are uneducated. Therefore, they are not aware of the harmful effects
of……………….
The people do not co-operate with the government to control............... Because they know that every policy
of the government is against their interest.
Every policy of the government is made according to IMF.
Unemployment and inflation are also the major causes of………………. those people who
are jobless are forced to play in the hands of anti-social elements.
They are ready to commit all kind of evils.
Load shedding is also a problem of our country which has stopped the wheal of industry.

Those people who have become jobless either are committing suicide or becoming criminals due to it.
I give the following suggestion to control ...............
The administration system of the country should be made strong because only a strong government can control
such problems.
The literacy rate should be increased because only educated society can understand
the alarms of ……………………
Government must not make any policy against the interest of the people.
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 BA BSc ADP English Classes & Notes (03420402036 WhatsApp)
The evils like load shedding, inflation, unemployment, injustice, terrorism, should be
Controliec.
Those people who are involved in these evils must be punished strictly and taken their
property under control.
Media is a strong pillar of a state. It should play positive role to control it.
In short, this evil can be controlled if all the institutions and the people perform their
duties honestly.
Justice, employment and the right of the people should be made sure.

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