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Lecture3 Multimedia

The document discusses different types of digital media representation and formats, including text, images, video, audio, and graphics. It focuses on digital image formats such as bitmap images and vector images. Bitmap images represent images using pixels of different colors arranged in a grid, while vector images use geometric primitives like points, lines, and shapes defined by mathematical equations. The document also covers concepts like bit depth, color models, image resolution, and common file formats for digital images.

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abdelazemahmed1
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views

Lecture3 Multimedia

The document discusses different types of digital media representation and formats, including text, images, video, audio, and graphics. It focuses on digital image formats such as bitmap images and vector images. Bitmap images represent images using pixels of different colors arranged in a grid, while vector images use geometric primitives like points, lines, and shapes defined by mathematical equations. The document also covers concepts like bit depth, color models, image resolution, and common file formats for digital images.

Uploaded by

abdelazemahmed1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Fundamentals of Multimedia

Lecture 3 –
MEDIA REPRESENTATION AND MEDIA FORMATS

Fundamentals of Multimedia 2
Media Representation and Formats

 Text
 Digital Images
 Digital Video
 Digital Audio
 Graphics

Fundamentals of Multimedia 3
Digital Images

Types of Image

Fundamentals of Multimedia 4
Bitmap Images

The most common and comprehensive form of


storage for images on computers is bitmap image.
Bitmap use combination blocks of different colors
(known as pixels) to represent an image. Each pixel
is assigned a specific location and color value.
There are also called pixelized or raster images
Software to edit bitmapped graphics are :
Adobe Photoshop
Paint Shop Pro

Fundamentals of Multimedia 5
Bitmap Images

 Look more deeply to digital image

Fundamentals of Multimedia 6
Bitmap Images

 Look more deeply to digital image

 Consists of a set of pixels has height and width (dimensions)


the pixels have a bit depth
Fundamentals of Multimedia 7
Bitmap Images

Advantage
 Can have different textures on the drawings; detailed and
comprehensive.

Disadvantage
 Large file size.
 Not easy to make modification to objects/drawings.
 Graphics become "blocky" when the size is increased.

Fundamentals of Multimedia 8
Digital Images

 Bit depth: refers to the number of bits used to represent each pixel and
it divided into channels.
 1 bit (1 channel) → binary image
 8 bit (1 channel) → gray scale image
 24 bit (3 channel , R , G , B) → color image

 One more channel can be used and its called ∝ 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍

 The ∝ 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 suggests a measure of the transparency for that


pixel value and is used in image compositing application

Fundamentals of Multimedia 9
1-bit Images

 Each pixel is stored as a single bit (0 or 1), so also referred to as binary image.

 Such an image is also called a 1-bit monochrome image since it contains no


color. Also known as a bi-level image.

Fundamentals of Multimedia 10
8-bit Gray Level Images

 Each pixel has a gray-value between 0 and 255. Each pixel is


represented by a single byte; e.g., a dark pixel might have a value of
10, and a bright one might be 230.
 Each pixel is usually stored as a byte (a value between 0 to 255), so a
640 × 480 gray scale image requires 300 KB of storage
(640 * 480 = 307200 byte).

Fundamentals of Multimedia 11
8-bit color Images

 Many systems can make use of 8 bits of color information


(the so-called \256 colors") in producing a screen image.
 Such image files use the concept of a lookup table to
store color information.
 Basically, the image stores not color, but instead just a set
of bytes, each of which is actually an index into a table with
3-byte values that specify the color for a pixel with that
lookup table index.
 Great saving in space for 8-bit images, over 24-bit ones: a
640*480 8-bit color image only requires 300 KB of storage,
compared to 921.6 KB for a color image

Fundamentals of Multimedia 12
Color Look-up Tables (LUTs)

 The idea used in 8-bit color images is to store only the


index, or code value, for each pixel. Then, e.g., if a pixel
stores the value 25, the meaning is to go to row 25 in a
color look-up table (LUT).

Fundamentals of Multimedia 13
8-bit color Images

Fundamentals of Multimedia 14
24 Bit Color Images

Fundamentals of Multimedia 15
∝ 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐥𝒔 in compositing two images

Fundamentals of Multimedia 16
Aspect Ratio

Aspect Ratios: Image aspect ratio refers to the


width/height ratio of the images, and plays an important
role in standards.

 Different applications require different aspect ratios.


Some of the commonly used aspect ratios for images
are:
 3:2 (when developing and printing photographs)
 4:3 (television images)
 16:9 (high-definition images)
 47:20 (anamorphic formats used in cinemas).

Fundamentals of Multimedia 17
Bitmap Image File Format

Fundamentals of Multimedia 18
Vector Image

 Vector images: are based on drawing elements/objects


to create an image.

 The elements and objects are stored as a series of


command that define the individual objects.

 Packages that allow to create vector graphics


include :
Macromedia Freehand MX
Macromedia Flash MX
Adobe Illustrator

Fundamentals of Multimedia 19
Vector Image

Examples:

Fundamentals of Multimedia 20
Vector Image
 Advantage
 Small file size.
 Maintain quality as the size of the
graphics is increased.
 Easy to edit the drawings as
each object is independent of the
other.

 Disadvantage
 Objects/drawings cannot have
texture;
 It can only have plain colors or
gradients ;
 Limited level of detail that can be
presented in an image.
Fundamentals of Multimedia 21
Resolution
 Image resolution is a measure of how finely a device
approximate continuous images using finite pixels

Low Resolution Finer resolution


Fundamentals of Multimedia 22
Resolution
 Image resolution is a measure of how finely a device
approximate continuous images using finite pixels

Introduction to Multimedia 23
Resolution

Introduction to Multimedia 24
Resolution

128
= = 1.78 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ = 1.78 × 25.4 = 45 𝑚𝑚
72
128
= = 1.11 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ = 1.11 × 25.4 = 28 𝑚𝑚
115
128
= = 0.21𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ = 0.21 × 25.4 = 5 𝑚𝑚
600

Introduction to Multimedia 25
Resolution

Introduction to Multimedia 26

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