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Directional and Non Directional Hypothesis ppt.1

This document discusses directional and non-directional hypotheses. It defines a directional hypothesis as one that predicts the direction of the relationship between variables, specifying whether a mean will be greater or smaller. A non-directional hypothesis does not specify the direction, only that a difference or relationship exists. Examples of properly stated directional and non-directional null and alternative hypotheses are provided to illustrate the concepts.

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Xavi Reyes
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485 views22 pages

Directional and Non Directional Hypothesis ppt.1

This document discusses directional and non-directional hypotheses. It defines a directional hypothesis as one that predicts the direction of the relationship between variables, specifying whether a mean will be greater or smaller. A non-directional hypothesis does not specify the direction, only that a difference or relationship exists. Examples of properly stated directional and non-directional null and alternative hypotheses are provided to illustrate the concepts.

Uploaded by

Xavi Reyes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

TRANSITION HEADLINE
Let’s start with the first set of slides
Directional and
Non-directional
Hypothesis

Mrs. Desiree B. Onio


Learning Objectives
Define Testing hypothesis
Determine whether the hypothesis is Directional or
Non-Directional Hypothesis
Differentiate Directional from Non-Directional
Hypothesis
Directional Hypothesis
▹ Sometimes a null hypothesis for differences takes a courageous
step and predicts the direction of the difference among samples. The
basis for this directional guess should be your knowledge base,
evidence in the professional literature or your own experience, and not
a superficial guess. You are stating which mean score for your samples
will be greater when you calculate your statistics.
▹ It predicts the direction of the relationship between the independent
and dependent variable.
▹ specifies the direction of the difference (greater or smaller) from the
null hypothesis
4
Directional Hypothesis
▹ * Sample Group A will not have a higher mean score than
Sample Group B.
▹ * Sample Group A will not have a higher mean score than
Sample Group B and Sample Group C.
▹ * There is no positive relationship between variable x and
variable y.

5
Non-Directional Hypothesis

Non Directional Null Hypothesis The first type of Null Hypotheses test
for differences or relationships with your samples.
- the direction of the relationship is not specified.
- “There was an effect”
- “There is a difference”

6
Non-Directional Hypothesis
Examples of null hypotheses are presented below as an illustration of how
to state them correctly.
• There is no difference between two sample groups on variable x (as
represented by their mean scores).

• There is no difference among three or more sample groups on variable


x (as represented by their mean scores).

* There is no relationship between variable x and variable y


7
8
Examples of Directional Hypothesis
Example 1:
𝐻0 : The proportion of Manila college students who prefer the taste of ARCE
3 3
Cola is 5 (p = )
5

𝐻𝑎 : The proportion of Manila college students who prefer the taste of ARCE
3 3
Cola is less than 5 (𝑝 < )
5

9
Examples of Non-Directional Hypothesis
Example 2:

Title: A Comparative Study of the Consumer’s Acceptance of X and Y Toothpastes

𝐻0 : The consumer’s acceptance of X and Y toothpastes are the same

𝐻𝑎 : The consumer’s acceptance of X and Y toothpastes are not the same

10
Examples of Non-Directional Hypothesis

Example 1:

𝐻0 : The average annual income of all the families in Masipag District is


Php 46 000 (µ = 46 000)

𝐻𝑎 : The average annual income of all the families in Masipag District is


not Php 46 000 (µ ≠ 46 000)

▹ 11
Examples of Non-Directional Hypothesis

Example 2:

𝐻0 : There is no significant relationship between the NSAT performance and the


academic achievement among the four learning areas of public school, private
school and combination of public and private schools

𝐻𝑎 : There is a significant relationship between the NSAT performance and the


academic achievement among the four learning areas of public school, private
school and combinate of public and private schools

12
Exercises

13
𝐻0 : There is no relationship between
smoking habits and hypertension among
the XYZ Corporation

𝐻𝑎 : There is a relationship between


smoking habits and hypertension among
the employees of XYZ Corporation
Non – directional Hypothesis
14
𝐻0 : The competencies of the doctors from the
government is equal to the competencies of the
doctors from private hospitals

𝐻𝑎 : The doctors from the government are more


competent than the doctors from private
hospitals

Directional Hypothesis
15
𝐻0 : The competencies of the doctors from the
government is equal to the competencies of the
doctors from private hospitals

𝐻𝑎 : The competencies of the doctors from the


government is not equal to the competencies of
the doctors from private hospitals

Non – directional Hypothesis


16
Mr Faraz wants to compare the levels of attendance between his
psychology group and those of Mr. Simon, who teaches a different
psychology group. Which of the following is a suitable directional (one
tailed) hypothesis for Mr. Faraz’s investigation?

A. There will be a difference in the levels of attendance between the two


psychology groups.
B. Students’ level of attendance will be higher in Mr Faraz’s group than
Mr. Simon’s group.
C. Any difference in the levels of attendance between the two
psychology groups is due to chance.
D. The level of attendance of the students will depend upon who is
teaching the groups.

17
Seatwork # __

18
Directions. State whether each hypothesis is a directional hypothesis or
non-directional hypothesis. Write your answer on the space provided.
1. Students who do not cheat during examinations have higher self-
esteem than students who cheat during the examinations.
2. Improved working conditions in a company will lead to greater
productivity.
3. There is a difference between drug A and drug B in relieving toothache
4. The proportion of Highschool students who prefer to use G-Tech ballpen
3
is less than 4

5. A new marketing approach will change the number of units sold.

19
6. There is a difference between the average productivity of workers who
listen to music while working and the average productivity of workers
who do not listen to music while working.
7. Children using brand A toothpaste have fewer cavities than those using
brand B toothpaste.
8. The average annual income of all the families in NCR is not Php 50, 000
9. The competencies of nurses from private hospitals is not equal to the
competencies of nurses from government hospitals
10. There is a relationship between smoking and hypertension among the
employees of ABC Corporation.

20
Quiz #2
Coverage:
1. Directional and Non-
directional hypothesis
2. Assumption and
Hypothesis
3. Formulate Null and
Alternative Hypothesis
21
Pointers to Review in Statistics
3rd Periodical Test
• Define Measures of Location
• Determine the Measures of Location; Quartiles, Percentiles or Quartiles

• Determine the characteristics of Measures of Location; Quartiles, Percentiles or Quartiles

• Solve for the Measures of Location; percentile, decile or quartile


• Describe the characteristics of the Kurtosis
• Describe the frequency of distribution; negatively skewed or positively skewed

• Define Skewness
• Solve for the coefficient of Skewness
• Arrange the steps in solving the coefficient of Skewness
• Describe the characteristics of the normal distribution
• Classify the statement at hypothesis or assumption
• Classify the hypothesis as directional or non-directional hypothesis

• Describe the characteristics of the frequency


22 curve/kurtosis; leptokurtic, platykurtic,
mesokurtic

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