ECE 307 Network Analysis III

Frequency Response of a Circuit

Band-Pass Filter

Z. Aliyazicioglu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Department

Cal Poly Pomona

Frequency Response of a Circuit

Band-Pass Filter
Three important parameters

Center frequency (or resonance frequency), ω0 is defined as

the frequency for which a the transfer function of a circuit is
purely real

ω0 = ωc1ωc 2

Bandwidth, β is the width of the passband β = ωc 2 − ωc1 β = fc 2 − fc1

Qualty factor is the ration of the center frequency ω0 to the

bandwidth β.
ω0 ω0 f0
Q= Q= Q=
ω c 2 − ωc 1 β fc 2 − fc1

ECE 307-5 2

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 Frequency Response of a Circuit
Band-Pass Filter A Serial RLC Circuit

1/sC V0 (s ) R
sL =
1 2 Vi (s ) sL + R + 1
+ sC
Vi(s) R R
Vo(s) s
H (s ) = L
- R 1
s + s+
2

L LC
To find frequency response, substitute s=jω in equation
R
jω
H ( jω ) = L
R 1
−ω 2 + jω + Magnitude Response
L LC Phase Response
R
ω  R 
H ( jω ) = L  ωL 
2 2 θ ( jω ) = 90 − tan 
−1

 1 2 R  1
 LC − ω  +  L ω   − ω2 
     LC 
ECE 307-5 3

Frequency Response of a Circuit

A Serial RLC Circuit

At resonance frequency, the transfer function will be real.

Or system total impedance will be real

1
jω0L + =0 1 1
jω0C ω0 = f0 =
LC
2π LC
Hmax will be at |H(jω0)|
substitute ω0=√1/LC
R
ω
H ( jω 0 ) = L 0 Result
2 2
 1 2 R 
 LC − ω0  +  L ω0 
    R
R 1
ωc = L LC
H ( j ω0 ) = L2 =1
2
 1 1  R 1 
 LC − LC  +  L LC 
   
ECE 307-5 4

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 Frequency Response of a Circuit
A Serial RLC Circuit

Set (1/√2)Hmax to find cutoff frequencies

R
1 ω
1  1  R   R 
2 2 2
= L c
2 2 2  − ωc2  +  ωc   =  ωc 
 1 2 R  2  LC   L    L 
 LC − ωc  +  L ωc 
   

2 2 2
 1 2 R  R   1 2 R 
 LC − ωc  = 2  L ωc  −  L ωc   LC − ωc  = ∓  L ωc 
         

Result Confirm
2
R 1 R R   1  1
ωc2 + ωc − =0 ωc1 = − +   +  ω0 = ωc1ωc 2 =
L LC 2L  2L   LC  LC

R 1 2
ωc2 − ωc − =0 R R   1 
L LC ωc 2 = +   + 
2L  2L   LC  ECE 307-5 5

Frequency Response of a Circuit

A Serial RLC Circuit

The Bandwidth β is

β = ωc 2 − ωc1
R 2   2 
 R   1   R  R   1  R
= +   +  − − +   +  β=
 2L  2L   LC    2L  2L   LC   L
   

The Quality factor Q is

1
ω LC L f0
Q= 0 = Q= Q=
β R CR 2 fc 2 − fc1
L

ECE 307-5 6

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 Frequency Response of a Circuit
A Serial RLC Circuit

The cutoff frequencies in terms of β and ω0

2
β β
+   + (ω 0 )
2
ωc1 = −
2 2
 
2
β β 
+   + (ω 0 )
2
ωc 2 =
2 2

The cutoff frequencies in terms of Q and ω0

 2 
1  1 
ωc1 = ω0  − + 1+   
 2Q  2Q  
 
 1 2
 1  
ωc1 = ω0  + 1+  
 2Q  2Q  
 

ECE 307-5 7

Frequency Response of a Circuit

Example Using serial RLC circuit, design band pass filter that
select 1-10KHz frequency band for a graphic
equalizer in your amplifier

We can use different approaches. Let’s find the center

frequency first.
1
ω0 = ωc1ωc 2 = f0 = fc1fc 2 = 1000 * 10000 = 3162.28 Hz
LC

Choose capacitor value as 1µF

1 1 1
ω0 = L= = = 2.533mH
LC ω0 C (2π 3162.28)2 (10−6 )
2

f0 3162.28
The Quality factor is Q= = = 0.3514
fc 2 − fc1 10000 − 1000

The Resistor is L R=
L
=
0.00253
= 143.24Ω
Q= CQ 2 10−6 (0.3514)2
CR 2
ECE 307-5 8

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 Frequency Response of a Circuit
R=143.25 Ω , L=2.533 mH, C=1 µF, Plot F=50 – 100 KHz.
R
jω >> R=143.25;
>> L=0.002533;
H ( jω ) = L >> C=0.000001;
R 1
−ω 2 + jω + >> f=0:50:100000;
L LC >> w=2*pi*f;
>> h=abs((R/L).*(j*w)./(-
w.^2+(R/L)*(j*w)+(1/(L*C))));
>> subplot (2,1,1)
>> semilogx(w,h)
>> grid on
>> title('|H(j\omega)|')
>> xlabel ('\omega')
>> ylabel ('|H(j\omega)|')
>> subplot (2,1,2)
>> theta=angle((R/L).*(j*w)./(-
w.^2+(R/L)*(j*w)+(1/(L*C))));
>> degree=theta*180/pi;
>> semilogx(w,degree)
>> grid on
>> title('\theta(j\omega)')
>> xlabel('\omega')
>> ylabel('\theta(j\omega)')

ωc1=6283 rad/s
ωc2=62,831 rad/s
ECE 307-5 9

Frequency Response of a Circuit

Example OrCad Capture

Edit Simulation Profile

L1 C1
1 2
0.00253 1u
V V

V1
1Vac R1
1Vdc 143

ECE 307-5 10

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 Frequency Response of a Circuit

PSpice Result
1. 2V

0. 8V ( 1 0 . 0 0 0 K, 7 0 6 . 9 8 5 m)
( 1 . 0 0 0 0 K, 7 0 6 . 4 6 8 m)

0. 4V

0V
1 0 Hz 1 0 0 Hz 1 . 0 KHz 1 0 KHz 1 0 0 KHz
V( L1 : 1 ) V( R1 : 2 )
Fr e q u e n c y

ECE 307-5 11