LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION (INTER-AGENCY

APPROACH)

 Organization - group of people working together for a common goal or objectives.

 Police Organization – group trained personnel.
 Management – utilization of available resources
 Administration – process used in utilizing resources.
 Goals – broad statement of a general long-term purpose.
 Objectives - short term statements consistent with goals.
 PRODUCTIVITY – Summary of quantity and quality of work performed.
 Effectiveness – whether or not tasked are being attained.
 Efficiency – how well resources are utilized (use)

Effectiveness + Efficiency = Productivity

POLICE MANAGEMENT PROCESSES (POLCon)

 Planning – the process of setting performance objectives and identifying the actions needed to
accomplish them.
 Organizing - process of dividing the work to be done and coordinating results to achieve a
desired purpose.
 Leading - process of directing and coordinating the work efforts.
 Controlling - process of monitoring performance

MANAGEMENT THEORIES

1. Scientific Management (Frederick Taylor)

 Taylor believed that if workers were taught the best procedures, they would produce the
maximum amount of work.
2. Henri Fayol’s Five Management Functions (POCCC)
1. Planning- concerned with the anticipated course of action.
2. Organizing- arranging plan, harmonize activity.
3. Commanding- set good example/ aim at making energy, initiative, loyalty, and unity
amongst staff.
4. Coordinating- determining the timing and sequencing of activities
5. Controlling- checking activities, take corrective actions, checking the plan, check errors,
weaknesses and deviation.

 HENRI FAYOL’S 14 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

1. Division of work - division of labor, is the breaking down of a job.
2. Authority and responsibility - right to command and the power to require obedience.
3. Discipline - practice of training people to obey rules.
4. Unity of command - receive orders from one superior only.
5. Unity of direction - one manager and one plan for a group of activities
6. Subordination of individual interest to general interest - the interest of one employee or group, should
not take precedence over those of the organization as a whole.
7. Remuneration of Personnel - compensation should be fair to both the employee and the employer.
8. Centralization - power at the top of the organizational hierarchy.
9. Scalar Chain - hierarchy of authority is the order of ranks from the highest to the lowest.
10. Order - should be in the right place at the right time.
11. Equity - treated with kindness and justice.
12. Stability of personnel tenure - adjust to a new job and reach a point of satisfactory performance.
13. Initiative - ability to conceive and execute a plan.
14. Espirit de corps – “union” unity is strength, harmony and teamwork.

3. GULICK AND URWICK’S “THE SCIENCE OF ADMINISTRATION”

Police Management Process/Function of Management (POSDCoRB)

a. Planning – the mental process of finding adequate solutions. things that need to be done
b. Organizing – allocation of authority, responsibility, accountability. Work subdivisions are
arranged, defined, coordinated.
c. Staffing – providing competent men to the job. Right people and right position.
Activities of staffing.
1. Recruitment – obtain a sufficient number of the right people.
2. Selection – choosing candidates, suitable person for the position.
3. Training – improve ability required for the job.
4. Development – improve abilities of personnel. Prepare them for a more
responsible position in the future.
5. Appraisal – process of measuring performance in achieving goals.
d. Directing – giving of authoritative instructions, orders, or command to working men. Guiding
e. Coordinating – pattern of group effort among working men, harmonious adjustment.
f. Reporting – keeping those responsible informed. Record - putting what is reported into
records.
g. Budgeting – forecasting in detail of the result of an officially recognized program.
Appropriation of funds.

4. Max Weber’s Bureaucratic Management

a. Coined the term bureaucracy.
b. Division of labor based on competence.
c. Lessening nepotism.
d. Selection and promotion based on competence.

5. Elton Mayo’s The Hawthorne Study

a. when there is special attention to employees, productivity is likely to increase.
b. this phenomenon was labeled the “hawthorne effect”.

6. Douglas Mcgregor’s Theory X and Y

 a. Theory X assumes that people have little ambition, dislike work, and must be coerced
to perform satisfactorily.
b. Theory Y - people do not inherently dislike work and if properly rewarded, will
perform well on the job.
 Policy - general plan of action
Types of policies:
1. Originated Policy - comes from top management level and is intended to set up
guidelines.
2. Appealed Policy - problems arise at the lower levels of the organization and the man
in charge does not know how to meet the problem.
3. Imposed Policy - government in the forms of laws.
4. Unit - the smallest functional group within an organization.

Functional Units:

1. Bureau - largest organic functional unit within a large department.

2. Division - primary subdivision of a bureau.
3. Section - functional unit within a division
4. Unit – smallest functional group
5. Line units – direct interaction with the public.

TERRITORIAL UNITS:

1. Post – a fixed point or location

2. Route – a length of streets designed for patrol purposes. Also known as LINE BEAT
3. Beat – an area assigned for patrol purposes either foot or motorized.
4. Sector - two or more beats, routes, or posts either foot or motorized.
5. District - geographical subdivision
6. Area - territorial division of a large city compromised of districts.

THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE:

a. CONTINENTAL THEORY - police officers are servants of higher authorities.

b. HOME RULE - servants of the community or the people.

CONCEPT OF POLICE SERVICE:

a. OLD CONCEPT - relies on the number of arrests made.

b. MODERN CONCEPT - relies on the absence of crime.

ELEMENTS OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

1. Scalar Principle(d-u-c-s) - vertical hierarchy of organization and unbroken chain of units from
top to bottom, describing flow of authority.
1. Delegation of authority – division of task of command among officers
a. Delegate – person sent or authorized to represent others.
b. Delegee – person who distributes or authorize the delegate.
2. Unity of command – under the control of one superior/supervisor. To avoid
confusion
 3. Chain of command – A line or chain of superiors from top to bottom, unbroken
line of authority that links all people in an organization.
4. Span of control – number of subordinates that the superior officer could manage
or control.

2. Specialization – grouping and segregation of activities and expertise or assignment.

1. Specialization of jobs- areas of specialization
2. Specialization of people- expertise/specialist

 Command Responsibility or Absoluteness of Responsibility - commanders shall be responsible

for act or omission of his subordinates.

LEADERSHIP STYLES:
1. Authoritarian or autocratic - extreme control to his subordinates. centralization of
power
2. Participative or democratic - importance to his subordinates
3. Laissez- fair or free-reign - delegates authority completely to his subordinate

PRIMARY POLICE DUTIES (P-I-T-V-J)

1. PATROL - safeguarding the community through:

a. protection of persons and property
b. preservation of peace
c. prevention and suppression of crimes
d. apprehension of criminals
e. enforcement of laws and ordinances
2. Investigation - investigate certain designated crimes, recovery of stolen property, arrest and
conviction.
3. Traffic patrol - stop drivers who are breaking the law.
4. Vice control - preventing, managing, and regulating the use and exploitation of drugs.
5. Juvenile delinquency control - aimed at stopping the spread of delinquency and criminal
behavior.

ORIGIN OF THE WORD “POLICE”

1. Politeia – Greek word which means government of the city.

2. Politia – Roman word which means condition of the state or government.
3. Police – French word was later adopted by the English language.
a. Officer de la paix = a French term which claimed to be the origin of the term police
officer / peace officer.

ANCIENT HISTORY OF POLICE:

1. Medjay - Civil police headed by Egyptian officer, and the 1st group to use police dogs on
patrol.
 2. Vigiles - organized group of men in ancient Rome worked to fight fires and enforce the law.
3. Anglo-Saxon - Germanic tribes in England, 1st to conquer England.
4. Sumerians - earliest record to standardize rules and methods of enforcement.
5. Babylonians - Code of King Hammurabi, rules for his kingdoms not only offenses but also
punishments.
6. Greece – Greek law enforcement called ephori. Plato - (punishment should have purpose)
7. Rome
a. Praetorian guard- protects the palace.
b. Urban cohorts/ praefectus urbi - to patrol the city or protect the city.
c. Vigiles- fight bad fires.
8. TUN (TOWN) POLICING SYSTEM - All male residents were required to guard the town (tun)
a. Ten families in a town (tun) equaled a tithing.
b. Each tithing elected a leader who was known as the tithingman.
9. HUE AND CRY - village law started in Britain to shout to call all male residents to assemble and
arrest the suspect.
10. SHIRE-REEVE - military divisions in england are called shires.
a. Two “constabuli” or “the keeper of the horse” became the source of the word
constable.
b. “Shire-rieve” origin of sheriff

BEGINNING OF MODERN POLICING (1829)

1. HENRY FIELDING-bow Street runners

2. PATRICK COLQUHOUN- crime prevention or preventive policing
a. marine police force or Thames River police (England’s first police force)
b. SIR ROBERT PEEL – father of modern policing

BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM

A. During The Spanish Regime

a. 1712- Carabineros De Seguridad Publica – armed and mounted police force
b. december 20, 1842 Cuerpo De Seguridad Publica (corps of crabbiness for public
security).
c. JANUARY 8, 1836- CUARDRILLOS OR GUARDRILLEROS
d. FEBRUARY 12, 1852- GURDIA CIVIL
B. AMERICAN PERIOD
a. ACT NO 175 - The Organization and Government of an Insular Constabulary” July 18,
1901. CAPT. HENRY ALLEN the first chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1901
b. ACT NO 183 - created the Manila Police Department, enacted on July 31, 1901
CAPT GEORGE CURRY, the first chief of police of the MPD in 1901
c. Act no 255 - renamed the Insular Constabulary into Philippine Constabulary, enacted
on October 3, 1901
d. RA 4864 – police professionalization act of 1966, enacted on september
8, 1966; created the police commission (POLCOM)
e. PD 765 - –Integration Act of 1975 established the integrated national police (INP)
composed of the Philippine constabulary (PC)
f. PD 1184, “INP Personnel Professionalization Law of 1977” creation of the Philippine
National Police Academy (PNPA).
g. Ra 6975 – DILG act of 1990 establishment of PNP, BFP, BJMP and PLEB
h. RA 8551 - Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998 IAS, AND
WOMEN’S DESK
i. Ra 9263- BFP and BJMP Professionalization Act of 2004
j. RA 9708- an act extending for five years, complying with the minimum educational
qualification,
k. RA 9592- an act extending for five years, complying with the minimum educational
qualification and appropriate eligibility in the BFP And BJMP
THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DILG)

 Formerly DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DLG)

 Reorganized under RA 6975
 The PPSC, PNP, BFP and BJMP were reorganized and created under RA 6975

The NAPOLCOM - attached to DILG.

 ex-officio chairperson, four (4) regular commissioners,

 and the PNP chief as ex-officio member
 DILG secretary is the ex-officio chairperson, while the vice - chairperson is the executive
officer.

Term of office – 4 regular commissioners shall be appointed by the president for the term of 6
years.

Qualifications:

 Citizen of the Philippines

 A member of the Philippine Bar with at least five (5) years’ experience handling criminal or
human rights cases or a holder of a master's degree but preferably a doctorate degree in
public administration, sociology, criminology, criminal justice, law enforcement, and other
related disciplines.
 regular member coming from the law enforcement sector should have practical experience
in law enforcement work for at least five (5) years while.
the three (3) other regular commissioners must have done extensive research.
work or projects on law enforcement, criminology, or criminal justice or
members of a duly registered non-government organization involved in the
promotion of peace and order

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

a. commission proper - composed of the offices of the chairman and the four (4) commissioners.
b. staff services
1. The Planning and Research Service – policy formulation
2. The legal affairs service – legal counsel.
3. The crime prevention and coordination service – criminological research
4. The personnel and administrative service – entrance, promotional exams
5. The inspection, monitoring and investigation service – inspection and audit.
6. The installations and logistics service- acquisition, inventory.
7. Financial service – budget

Disciplinary appellate boards

 NATIONAL APPELLATE BOARD – PNP vs PNP decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered
by the PNP Chief.
  REGIONAL APPELLATE BOARDS – PNP vs Citizens decide cases on appeal from decisions
rendered by officers other than the PNP Chief, the mayor, and the PEOPLE'S LAW
ENFORCEMENT BOARD

People’s Law Enforcement Board – Receiving entity for any citizens complaint against officers and
members of PNP.

Tenure (Term of Office) – Actual length that an individual hold office

Length of service – Period of time elapsed since the oath of office.

PNP promotional system: increasing of rank of a member of police service.

 Merit – criteria for determining individual is qualified to meet requirements for higher level
job.
 Seniority – length of service that employee has accumulated.
 Time in grade (TIG) and experience – total period of time acquired prior to promotion.
 Mandatory schooling – requirement for promotion

Kinds of police promotion

 Regular promotion – Meeting mandatory requirements.

 special promotion - Promotion by virtue of conspicuous courage exhibited acts.
 Virtue of position – any member designated to any key position whose rank lower than
required position after 6 months, entitled to promotion.
 Posthumous promotion – an act of heroism exhibited in the face of an armed enemy or
conduct of rescue resulting in the loss of life.

Retirement - separation of the police personnel from the service by reason of reaching the age of
retirement provided by law.

Retirement or separation under the attrition system

 At least twenty (20) years of service (optional retirement)

 separated, if less than twenty (20) years of service

Attrition – downsizing of PNP personnel on the basis provided by law.

 attrition by attainment of maximum tenure in position

i. chief – maximum tenure (4 years)
ii. deputy chief – maximum tenure (4 years)
iii. director of staff - maximum tenure (4 years)
iv. regional directors - maximum tenure (6 years)
v. provincial/city director – maximum (9 years)
 attrition by relief – relieved for just cause not given assignment within 2 years.
i. 20 years in service - retirement
ii. Less than 20 years in service – separated.
  Attrition by demotion in position or rank – relieved and assigned to a position lower than
what is established for his/her grade in PNP staffing within eight months, shall be retired, or
separated.
 Attrition by Non promotion – who has not been promoted for 10 years, shall be retired, or
separated.

Police planning

 Synoptic – problem-oriented planning appropriate in police agencies

 Incremental – long range and comprehensive plan that comes from a problem. Those problem
are seen to difficult to solve when in group, they are taken one at a time.
 Transactive – carried face to face, problem and solution determined by interpersonal
dialogue.
 Radical – collective action of all, involves large group of personnel process.

Types of security guard

 Private security – hired by a client belonging to a private security agency.

 Company security force – maintained and operated by any private company.
 Government security – recruited and employed by the government.

CREATION OF WOMEN’S DESK – R.A 8551

 The PNP shall reserve ten percent (10%) quota for women.

POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS OVER THE PNP UNITS

PROVINCIAL GOVERNOR - power to choose the PNP Provincial Director from a list of 3 eligibles.

CITY AND MUNICIPAL MAYORS - Chief of Police from a list of five (5) eligible

OPERATIONAL SUPERVISION AND CONTROL

 power to direct, superintend, and oversee.

 power to direct the employment and deployment of units.
 Employment - utilization of units or elements.
 Deployment - orderly and organized physical movement.

ADMINISTRATIVE DISCIPLINARY MACHINERIES

A. CITIZEN COMPLAINTS - complaint initiated by a private citizen or his duly authorized

representative.
DISCIPLINARY AUTHORITIES:
1. CHIEF OF POLICE - a period not exceeding fifteen (15) days
 2. CITY/MUNICIPAL MAYORS a period not less than sixteen but not exceeding thirty (30)
days.
3. PEOPLE’S LAW ENFORCEMENT BOARD (PLEB) - a period exceeding thirty (30) days, or
by dismissal.
B. BREACH OF INTERNAL DISCIPLINE – minor offense
1. CHIEF OF POLICE - for a period not exceeding Fifteen (15) Days.
2. PROVINCIAL DIRECTORS - not exceeding 30 days.
3. REGIONAL DIRECTORS - not exceeding 60 days.
4. CHIEF OF THE PNP - dismissal from the service; or forfeiture of salary; demotion;
period not exceeding One Hundred Eighty (180) Days.

Minor offense - shall refer to an act or omission not involving moral turpitude but affecting the
internal discipline of the PNP, and shall include but not be limited to: (G-A-N-I-D)

1. Gambling prohibited by law.

2. Frequent absences or tardiness
3. Simple misconduct or negligence
4. Insubordination
5. habitual drunkenness

INTERNAL AFFAIRS SERVICE (IAS) – Created by R.A 8551

 national office shall be headed by the Inspector General.

 regional offices by a director.
 provincial offices by a Superintendent.

Entry qualifications to IAS – personnel who have at least five (5) years’ experience in law enforcement

Powers and functions of the IAS:

a. Pro-actively conduct inspections and audits on PNP personnel and units.

b. Investigate complaints and gather evidence in support of an open investigation.
c. Conduct summary hearings on PNP members facing administrative chargest

The IAS shall also conduct, motu proprio (on its own initiative), automatic investigation of the following
cases:

a. discharges a firearm.
b. death, serious physical injury, or any violation of human rights
c. evidence was compromised, tampered with, obliterated, or lost.
d. suspect was seriously injured.
e. rules of engagement have been violated.

SUMMARY DISMISSAL – NAPOLCOM, C/PNP and Regional Director

a. Charge is serious and evidence of guilt is strong.

b. RECIDIVIST, or have been repeatedly charged and have reasonable grounds about his guilt.
c. Serious offense involving conduct of unbecoming of a police officer.
d. AWOL - absence without official leave for a continuous period of 30 days of more.
Police Appointment

 Temporary – (completion of Field training Program) waiver program as provided in under R.A
8551
 Probationary - passes through the regular screening procedures.
 Permanent – shall be issued only after completion of (FTP) field training program.
a. PSBRC – 6 Months – basic knowledge and skills
b. FTP – 6 Months - patrol, traffic, investigation as requirements for the permanency of
their appointment.

Appointment in the PNP shall be affected in the following manner:

 PAT- EMSG - Regional Director for Regional Personnel or Chief of the PNP for national head
quarter’s
 LIEUTENANT- LT. COLONEL - appointed by the chief PNP.
 COLONEL- LT- GENERAL– appointed by the president.
 POLICE GENERAL – appointed by the President, most senior officers down to the rank of
Brigadier General.

Police training programs:

 BASIC RECRUIT TRAINING - most basic of all police training, prerequisite for permanency of
appointment.
 The PNP Field Training - receives formal instruction on the job for special and defined
purposes and performs actual job functions.

POLICE INSPECTION - ascertain the standard policies and procedures, review and analyze the
performance.

 Authoritative inspection - conducted by the head of subordinate units on a regular basis.

 Staff inspection - conducted by the staff for and on behalf of the chief PNP or superior officers.

ORGANIZATION and COMPOSITION OF THE PNP

1. PNP shall be headed by a chief who shall be assisted by two (2) Deputy Chiefs (both appointed
by the President and have the rank of police Lt. General):
a. Deputy Chief for Administration
b. Deputy Chief for Operations

The PNP is composed of sixteen (16) directorates headed by a Police Director with the position title of
Director of The Directorial Staff.

THE DIRECTORIAL STAFF-16 Directorates:

1. The Directorate for Personnel and Records Management

2. The Directorate for Intelligence (DI).
3. The Directorate for Operations (DO).
4. The Directorate for Logistics (Dl).
5. The Directorate for Plans (Dpl).
6. The Directorate for Comptrollership (DC).
7. The Directorate for Police-Community Relations (DPCR).
8. The Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management (DIDM)
9. The Directorate for Human Resource and Doctrine Development (DHRDD).
10. The Directorate for Research and Development (DRD).
11. The Directorate for Information and Communications Technology Management (DICTM).

The PNP is composed of various National Support Units (NSUs):

14 ATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT UNITS

1. LOGISTICS SUPPORT SERVICE (LSS) - responsible for procurement, distribution and
management of all the logistical requirements of the PNP including firearms and
ammunitions.
2. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT SERVICE (ITMS) – formulates and implements
information technology (IT) policies, plans and programs of the PNP.
3. FINANCE SERVICE (FS)- responsible for disbursement of all funds of the PNP and the
accounting of the same.
4. HEALTH SERVICE (HS) - responsible for providing medical and dental services to the PNP
personnel.
5. COMMUNICATIONS AND ELECTRONIC SERVICE (COMMEL) - operates, maintains and ensures
coordination between and among PNP units and offices in the acquisition, distribution and
operation of communications and electronics facilities.
6. CHAPLAIN SERVICE (CS) provides spiritual and counseling services for the moral growth of
PNP personnel and their dependents.
7. LEGAL SERVICE (LS) – serves as the PNP legal counsel as well as represents the PNP in all
criminal and civil actions before the courts in coordination with the office of solicitor general.
8. HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT SERVICE (HSS) - provides support for the security, management of
traffic flows.
9. ENGINEERING SERVICE (ES) – formulates policies, plans and procedures in the management of
engineering services, land utilization and on-based/off-based housing activities.
10. TRAINING SERVICE (TS) - provides career and specialized training programs for PNP personnel
in order to upgrade their professional knowledge.
11. PNP RETIREMENT AND BENEFITS SERVICE (PRBS) - administer the retirement and separation
benefits of all PNP personnel.
12. PNP RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION SERVICE- ensure the entry of qualified and competent
uniformed personnel in the PNP.
13. PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY- train and educate commissioned officers of
Philippine National Police, Bureau of Fire and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
14. NATIONAL POLICE TRAINING INSTITUTE- responsible for the mandatory and leadership
training of all police non - commissioned officers (PNCOs).

15 NATIONAL OPERATIONAL SUPPORT UNITS (NOSUs)

1. MARITIME GROUP - Philippine territorial waters and rivers.

2. INTELLIGENCE GROUP - intelligence and counter – intelligence.
 3. POLICE SECURITY AND PROTECTION GROUP - provides security for government officials.
4. CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION AND DETECTION GROUP - this unit undertakes the monitoring,
investigation and prosecution of all crimes involving economic sabotage.
5. SPECIAL ACTION FORCE - mobile strike force or reaction unit to augment regional,
provincial, municipal or city police forces.
6. CIVIL SECURITY GROUP - services and general supervision over the organization, business
operation and activities
7. AVIATION SECURITY GROUP – airport against offensive and terrorist acts that threaten civil
aviation.
8. HIGHWAY PATROL GROUP - Formerly known as the traffic management group.
9. CRIME LABORATORY GROUP - Provides scientific and technical investigative aid and support
to the PNP and other government investigative agencies.
10. Police Community Affairs and Development Group (PCADG) - community relations programs
provide assistance to the regional, provincial, district and city/municipal offices.
11. Anti-Kidnapping Group – formerly known as Police anti-crime and emergency response
force (PACER)
12. Anti-Cybercrime Group - implementation of pertinent laws on cybercrimes and anti-
cybercrime campaigns of the PNP and the national government.
13. PNP IMEG INTEGRITY MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT GROUP - primary unit for
information gathering and conduct of offensive operations.
14. PNP DEG- THE PNP DRUG ENFORCEMENT GROUP (PNP DEG) - prevention and control of
illegal drugs in support to the PDEA as mandated.
15. PNP EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE DISPOSAL AND CANINE GROUP - primarily responsible for the
management, deployment, utilization, and development of EOD and canine k9 units of the
PNP.

Criminal case – Laws of the Philippines (people of the Philippines) (quantum evidence - proof beyond
reasonable doubt)

Administrative – Violation with the organization (substantial evidence)

Civil case – Civilian or citizen (preponderance of evidence – Fines)

Administrative offenses that may be imposed against a PNP member.

1. Neglect of duty or nonfeasance - omission or refusal, without sufficient excuse. Failure to

perform an act required to be done.
2. IRREGULARITIES IN THE PERFORMANCE OF DUTY - improper performance
3. MISCONDUCT OR MALFEASANCE – had no legal right to do at all, performance of an act ought
not to be done.
4. INCOMPETENCY - manifest lack of adequate ability
5. OPPRESSION - an act of cruelty, severity, unlawful exaction, domination, or excessive use of
authority.
 6. DISHONESTY - concealment or distortion of truth
7. DISLOYALTY TO THE GOVERNMENT - abandonment or renunciation of one’s loyalty.
8. VIOLATION OF LAW - conviction in court of any crime or offense

Law enforcement organizations

 Philippine National Police- signed into law on December 13, 1990, which took effect on
January 1, 1991.
 BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION - January 29, 1991, Republic Act no. 6975.
o Fire code of the Philippines
o Provincial level office of the fire marshal
o District offices district fire marshal
o Fire station headed by city or municipal fire marshal.
 BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY- RA no. 6975
o Supervision over city and municipal jails
o Provincial governor shall supervise provincial jail.
o Headed by warden.

THE PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY (PDEA) - virtue of Republic Act 9165,

 Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) that serves as the policy and strategy formulating body.
 Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) as its implementing arm.

NATIONAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION - Commonwealth Act No. 181.

 R.A. 157, renamed DI to the Bureau of Investigation (BI).

 Executive Order no. 94 National Bureau of Investigation.

BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS - Reorganization Act of 1905

 RA 10575 amended the Bureau of Correction

 “An act strengthening the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) and providing funds therefor.”
 The Bureau shall carry out its function to seven (7) penal colonies namely: New Bilibid Prison,
Correctional Institution for Women, Iwahig, Davao, San Ramon and Sablayan Prison and Penal
Farms and the Leyte Regional Prisons

Bureau of Immigration (BI) - primary enforcement arm of the Department of Justice and the President
of the Philippines

ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES

 Philippine Army (Hukbong Katihan ng Pilipinas) – ground warfare

 Philippine Airforce (Hukbong Himpapawid ng Pilipinas) – aerial warfare
 Philippine Navy (Hukbong Dagat ng Pilipinas) – Naval warfare
 Basic Services of AFP- Enlisted and Reservist personnel.
 Technical Services of AFP- Medical Corps, Dental Services, Nurse Corps, Veterinary Corps and
the Judge of Advocate of General Service.
  Administrative Service of AFP- Chaplain Service, Women Auxiliary Force, Medical
Administrative Corps and Corps of Professors

Bureau of Customs – attached to the department of Finance.

 Assessment and collection of custom revenues

 Boarder control to prevent entry of smuggled goods.
 Prevention and suppression of smuggling and other custom frauds.