SOLUTIONS

CASE-BASED/PASSAGE-BASED INTEGRATED QUESTIONS

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I. Read the following passage and answer the (c) What type of azeotropes are formed by non-

questions that follow: ideal solution showing negative deviation from
Solutions are homogeneous mixture of two or more Raoult’s law?

substances. Ideal solution follow Raoult’s law. The Ans. Maximum boiling azeotropes.

vapour pressure of each component is directly (d) For a 5% solution of area (molar mass 60 g

proportional to their mole fraction if both solute mol–1), calculate the osmotic pressure at 300 K
and solvent are volatile. The relative lowering of (R = 0.0821 L atm k–1).
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vapour pressure is equal to mole fraction of solute
if only solvent is volatile.

Ans. pV = nRT ⇒ p × 0.1 L =

⇒p=
24.63
60
× 0.0821 × 300

= 20.52 atm [Q 100 mL = 0.1 L]

Non-ideal solution form azeotropes which cannot 1.2



be separated by fractional distillation. Henry’s law (e) Predict the van’t Hoff factor (i) CH3COOH

is special case of Raoult’s law applicable to gases dissolved in water, (ii) dissolved in benzene.
dissolved in liquids. Ans. (i) i > 1, because dissociation takes place.

Colligative properties depend upon number of (ii) i < 1, because association takes place.


particles of solute. Relative lowering of vapour (f) Why meat is preserved for longer time by

pressure, elevation in boiling point, depression in salting?
freezing point and osmotic pressure are colligative Ans. Salt inhibits the growth of microorganisms by

properties which depend upon mole fraction of drawing out water from microbial cells through
A
solute, molality and molarity of solutions. When osmosis 20% salt is needed to kill most species
solute undergoes either association or dissociation, of unwanted bacteria.
molecular mass determined by colligative property (g) Why 0.1 M KCl has higher boiling point than

will be abnormal. 0.1 M glucose solution?
van’t Hoff factor is used in such cases which is ratio Ans. It is because KCl dissociates into ions, it has

double particles as compared to glucose.

of normal molecular mass over observed molar mass.
B

Therefore, elevation in boiling point is double.

(a) 50 ml of an aqueous solution of glucose (Molar


mass 180 g/mol) contains 6.02 × 1022 molecules.
II. Read the given passage and answer the questions
What is molarity? that follow:
No. of moles 6.02 × 10 22 1000 Solution play a very important role in our daily life.
Ans. M = = ×
Litres οf sοlutiοn 6.02 × 10 23 50


Alloys, homogeneous mixture of metal are solution
= 2M of solid in solid. 1 ppm (parts per million) of fluoride

(b) Identify which liquid has lower vapour pressure ions prevent tooth decay. All intravenous injections

at 90°C if boiling point of liquid ‘A’ and ‘B’ must be isotonic with our body fluids, i.e. should
are 140°C and 180° respectively. have same concentration as blood plasma. Diabetic
Ans. ‘B’ will have lower vapour pressure because its patients are more likely to have heart attack and
high blood pressure due to higher glucose level in

boiling point is higher.
blood.

CLASSES BY ANKUR SIR 7983744732

 Common salt increase blood pressure because Na+ 120
⇒ =m0.12 m +

mixes up with blood. Aquatic species are more 18

comfortable in cold water than warm water. 120
⇒ 0.88 m =
18

(a) 0.1 M glucose is not isotonic with 0.1 M KCl
500

solutions. Why? m= = 7.57 mol/kg
66

Ans. This is because, they do not have same osmotic (e) What will happen if pressure applied on


pressure as number of particles are different. solution side is more than osmotic pressure,
(b) A solution contains 5.85 g of NaCl (molar when solvent and solution are separated by

mass 58.5 g mol–1) per litre of the solution, has semipermeable membrane?
osmotic pressure 4.75 atm of 27°C. Calculate Ans. The process of reverse osmosis will take place.

the degree of dissociation of NaCl in this It is used for desalination of water.

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solution. [R = 0.0821 L atm K–1 mol–1]
Ans. Given: III. Observe the graph between mole fraction of HCl gas
dissolved in cyclohexane Vs equilibrium pressure of

Osmotic pressure (p) = 4.75 atm
HCl(g) and answer the questions based on graph.

WB = 5.85 g mol–1

MB = 58.5 g mol–1

T = 27°C = 273 + 27 = 300 K

R = 0.0821 L atm K–1 mol–1
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Equilibrium pressure of
a=?

HCl gas in atm
pV = i n R T

NaCl → Na+ + Cl–1
WB
4.75 × 1 = i × ×R×T
MB

n=2

5.85
4.75 = i × × 0.0821 × 300 Mole fraction of HCl
58.5

solution in cyclohexane
4.75
⇒ i= = 1.928 (a) Which law is depicted by this graph?
2.463


Ans. Henry’s law.
A
i –1 1928 – 1

a= = (b) What is mathematical expression for Henry’s
n –1 2 –1


= 0.928 law?

⇒ a = 92.8% Ans. pgas = KH xgas


pgas = Partial pressure of gas

Where
(c) What will happen if blood cells are placed in

xgas = Mole fraction of gas

saline water (hypertonic solution)?

KH = Henry’s law constant
B

Ans. These will shrink.

(c) What does slope represent?

(d) Calculate the molality of ethanol solution in

Ans. Slope = KH, Henry’s law constant.

which mole fraction of water is 0.88.

Ans. xH = 0.88 (d) What is effect of temperature and pressure on

2O solubility of gas in liquid?


xC = 1 – 0.88 = 0.12
2H5OH Ans. Solubility of gas in liquid increase with increase

m
xB =

1000 in pressure. Solubility of gas in liquid increase

m+ with decrease in temperature.
MA
m (e) Name two factors which affect the value of KH?
⇒ 0.12 =

1000 Ans. (i) Nature of gas

m+

18 (ii) Temperature

CLASSES BY ANKUR SIR 7983744732
 IV. Observe the table in which azeotropic mixtures are given along with their boiling points of pure components
and azeotropes and answer the questions that follow.
Some Azeotropic Mixtures
A B Minimum Boiling Azeotropes Boiling Points
A B Mixture Azeotropes
H2O C2H5OH 95.37% 373K 351.3K 351.15
H2O C3H7OH 71.69% 373K 370.19K 350.72
CH3COCH3 CS2 67% 329.25K 319.25K 312.30
A B Maximum Boiling Azeotropes A B Mixture Azeotropes

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H2O HCl 20.3% 373K 188K 383K
H2O HNO3 68.0% 373K 359K 393.5K
H2O HClO4 71.6% 373K 383K 476K

(a) What type of deviation is shown by minimum (f) What will be vapour pressure of maximum


boiling azeotropes? boiling azeotrops?
Ans. Positive deviation from Raoult’s law. Ans. The vapour pressure of azeotropic mixture will


(b) Why does H 2 O and HCl mixture form lower than vapour pressure of each component due
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maximum boiling azeotropes? to stronger force of attraction, therefore, boiling
Ans. It is because force of attraction between H2O and point will be higher.

HCl is more than H2O—H2O and HCl—HCl. (g) At what mole fraction of ‘A’, vapour pressure

(c) How can be separate azeotropic mixture? of A (P °A = 450 mm) and vapour pressure of B
(P °B = 200 mm) in solution will be equal if both

Ans. Azeotropic distillation. Add benzene to water and
A and B form ideal solution.

ethanol, all three will get separated.
Ans. P A° xA = P B° xB
(d) Give one example of ideal solution. What type


450 × xA = 200 (1 – xA) [Q xB = 1 – xA]

of liquids form ideal solutions?

Ans. Hexane and heptane form ideal solution. Those 450 xA = 200 – 200 xA


compounds of same family having similar forces 650 xA = 200
A

of attraction form ideal solution. 200 4
xA = = = 0.30
650 13

(e) What are azeotropes?

Ans. These are constant boiling mixtures which distill

out unchanged in their composition.
B

CLASSES BY ANKUR SIR 7983744732