AC Power Analysis Table of Formulas

Instantaneous Power Given: Remarks

1 P(t)=v(t)i(t) Instantaneous v(t) Apply trigonometric
Instantaneous i(t) identity:
cosAcosB=1/2[cos(A-
B0+cos(A+B)]
Average Power
2 T
For all kinds of T is the period of
P=1/T∫ p ( t ) dt alternating signal not Voltage and current
0
just sinusoidal and not the power.
3 1 1.Instantaneous input:
P= V I m cos ⁡(θ v −θi ) Vmcos(wt), Imcos(wt)
2 m
2.Phasor input:
V=Vm∠ θ v
I=Im∠ θi Time independent
3. Complex power
S= P+jQ
4 1 ¿ Phasor Input: Real part of Complex
P= ℜ[V I ]
2 V=Vm∠ θ v power.
I*=Im∠−θi Use conjugate current
to subtract voltage
angle to current angle.
5 1 1.Instantaneous input: Circuit is purely
P= V m I m
2 Vmcos(wt), Imcos(wt) resistive
2.Phasor input:
V=Vm∠ θ v
I=Im∠ θi

6 1 2 1. Instantaneous Circuit is purely

P= I m R
2 current Imcos(wt) resistive
2. Resistance R
3. Phasor current
I=Im∠ θi

7 1 2 1. Resistance R 2
|I | =Ix I ¿
P= |I | R
2 2. Phasor current Circuit is purely
I=Im∠ θi resistive

8 1 Purely reactive circuit

P= V m I m cos 90 °=0
2 does not have average
power.
Effective Power or RMS Value
9 R 2
T
1. Resistance Equating the average
∫
T 0
2
i Rdt =I eff R=P 2. current power absorb by the
resistor from an AC
source with the same
power that a DC source
can effectively supply
 AC Power Analysis Table of Formulas

√
10 T 1. Current or Voltage Applicable to any type
1
Xrms= ∫ x 2 dt
T 0
of voltage and current
signal
11 Vm 1. Instantaneous Applicable ONLY to
. V rms = Current or Voltage sinusoidal signal
√2
2. Phasor Current and
Im voltage
, I rms = , V=Vm∠ θ v
√2
I=Im∠ θi
Average Power in RMS
12 P=V rms I rms cos ⁡(θv −θi) 1. Instantaneous
voltage and
current(sinusoidal
only); divide by √ 2
2. Phasor voltage and
current; divide by
√2
V=Vm∠ θ v
I=Im∠ θi
3. RMS voltage and
current; find angle
if not given
4. Phasor in RMS
V=Vrms∠ θ v
I=Irms∠ θi
5. Apparent Power
S=VrmsIrms and
power factor cos(
θ¿
6. Apparent Power
and Phasor
Impedance Z
7. Complex power
S= P+jQ
13 2
P=I rms R 1. Resistance Average power
2
V rms 2. RMS voltage or absorbed by a resistor
P= current
R
Apparent Power and Power Factor
14 S=VrmsIrms 1. Instantaneous
voltage and
current(sinusoidal
only); divide by √ 2
2. Phasor voltage and
current; divide by
√2
V=Vm∠ θ v
 AC Power Analysis Table of Formulas
I=Im∠ θi
3. RMS voltage and
current
4. Phasor in RMS
V=Vrms∠ θ v
I=Irms∠ θi
5. The magnitude of
Complex power
S=S∠ θ
6. S=P/pf
7. S=|S|

Power Factor
15 Pf= cos ⁡(θ v −θi ) 1. Instantaneous
voltage and current
v(t)=Vmcos(wt+θ v ¿
i(t)=Imcos(wt+θi ¿
2. Phasor voltage and
current
V=Vm∠ θ v
I=Im∠ θi
3. Phasor in RMS
V=Vrms∠ θ v
I=Irms∠ θi
4. The magnitude of
Complex power
S=S∠ θ
P
5. Pf=
S
6. Z=|Z|∠ θ v

Complex Power
16 1 ¿ 1. Instantaneous 1 ¿
S= V I P= ℜ[V I ]
2 voltage and current 2
v(t)=Vmcos(wt+θ v ¿ 1 ¿
Q= ℑ[V I ]
θ
i(t)=Imcos(wt+ i ¿ 2
2. Phasor voltage and
current S= P+jQ
V=Vm v ∠ θ
I=Im∠ θi

17 S=VrmsI*rms 1. Instantaneous
voltage and current;
divide amplitude by
√2
v(t)=Vmcos(wt+θ v ¿
 AC Power Analysis Table of Formulas
i(t)=Imcos(wt+θi ¿
2. Phasor voltage and
current; divide
magnitude by √ 2
V=Vm∠ θ v
I=Im∠ θi
3. Phasor in RMS
V=Vrms∠ θ v
I=Irms∠ θi

18 S=V I ∠ θ v-θi
rms rms
1. Instantaneous P= VrmsIrmscos¿-θi ¿
voltage and current; Q= VrmsIrmssin¿ ¿-θ )
= V I cos¿-θi ¿ + j V
rms rms I sin¿ ¿-θi )
rms rms divide amplitude by
i

√2
v(t)=Vmcos(wt+θ v ¿
i(t)=Imcos(wt+θi ¿
2. Phasor voltage and
current; divide
magnitude by √ 2
V=Vm∠ θ v
I=Im∠ θi
3. Phasor in RMS
V=Vrms∠ θ v
I=Irms∠ θi

19 S= I 2rms Z V=ZI
2 V V rms V rms
S=
V rms Z= = =
I I rms I rms
∠θ
¿
Z
20 S= I 2rms Z Z= R+ jX
S= I 2rms (R+ jX )
S= I 2rms R+ j I 2rms X
P= I 2rms R
Q= I 2rms X

Power Triangle:
 AC Power Analysis Table of Formulas

1. Q=0 for resistive loads (unity pf).

2. Q<0 for capacitive loads (leading pf).
3. Q>0 for inductive loads (lagging pf).

Take Note: pf= cos(θ ¿=¿ cos(−θ ¿ is always positive value. Check angle of current with
respect to the voltage to determine if leading(current) or lagging(current).