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SubStation Major Equipment and Their Functions

Conduits are hollow tubes running underground that can contain ducts. Ducts are also hollow tubes inside conduits that cables are run through. They are commonly made of PVC or fiberglass. Control panels in substations contain equipment to control circuits and send power between circuits when needed. Line traps prevent transmission of high frequency signals in unwanted directions without loss of power.

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Ronieboy Baliber Cairo
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106 views

SubStation Major Equipment and Their Functions

Conduits are hollow tubes running underground that can contain ducts. Ducts are also hollow tubes inside conduits that cables are run through. They are commonly made of PVC or fiberglass. Control panels in substations contain equipment to control circuits and send power between circuits when needed. Line traps prevent transmission of high frequency signals in unwanted directions without loss of power.

Uploaded by

Ronieboy Baliber Cairo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Conduits are hollow tubes running from manhole to manhole in an underground

transmission or distribution system. They can contain one or more ducts (Duct
Runs). They can be made of plastic (PVC), fiberglass, fiber, tile, concrete, or steel.
PVC and fiberglass are most commonly used.
Duct runs are hollow tubes running from manhole to manhole inside a conduit in an
underground system. They are of various sizes usually from 2 to 6 inches in diameter.
Electrical cables are run through ducts and the ducts are sized accordingly. The
diameter of a duct should be at least 1/2 to 3/4 inch greater than the diameter of
the cable(s) installed in the duct. They can be made of plastic (PVC), fiberglass, fiber,
tile, concrete, or steel. PVC and fiberglass are most commonly used.
Control panels contain meters, control switches and recorders located in
the control building, also called a doghouse. These are used to control the
substation equipment, to send power from one circuit to another or to
open or to to shut down circuits when needed.
A line trap, also known as wave
trap, or high-frequency stopper,
is a maintenance-free parallel
resonant circuit, mounted inline
on high-voltage (HV) AC
What does a line trap do?
Line traps prevent transmission of
these high frequency signals to
unwanted directions without loss
of energy at power frequency. Line
traps are series- connected to the
transmission lines, and are
designed to withstand the rated
power frequency current and the
shortcircuit current to which the
lines are subjected.
FREQUENCY CHANGER
FREQUENCY
CHANGER
High-Voltage underground cables are
constructed in many different ways, but
are usually shielded cables. They are
made with a conductor, conductor-
strand shielding, insulation, semi-
conducting insulation shielding, metallic
insulation shielding, and a sheath. The
sheath can be metallic and may then
serve as the metallic insulation shielding
and be covered with a nonmetallic jacket
to protect the sheath. This sheath helps
to reduce or eliminate inductive
reactance. Such cables are commonly
used in circuits operating at 2400 volts
or higher.
Lightning arresters are protective
devices for limiting surge voltages
due to lightning strikes or
equipment faults or other events,
to prevent damage to equipment
and disruption of service. ;Also
called surge arresters.
Lightning arresters are installed
on many different pieces of
equipment such as power poles
and towers, power transformers,
circuit breakers, bus structures,
and steel superstructures in
substations.
METAL-CLAD SWITCH GEAR
Since metal clad switchgear (IEEE C37. 20.2) is
technically a subset of metal enclosed, it
shares many of the same external properties.
It is enclosed in a metal shell on all sides, with
the exception of small ventilation and
viewport openings.

METAL-CLAD SWITCH GEAR


An expression used by some
manufactures to describe a category
of medium voltage switchgear
equipment where the circuit breakers
are all enclosed in grounded, sheet-
steel enclosures.
METERS
Various types of meters are found
in substation control houses. They
all are measuring devices and can
be an indicating meter or a
recording meter. An indicating
meter shows on a dial the quantity
being measured. A recording
meter makes a permanent record
of the quantity being measured,
usually bytracing a line on a chart
or graph. Newer recording meters
store the information
electronically. The photo below left
is an indicating amperage meter.
On the right is a recording meter.
Substations commonly use
microwave communication
equipment for
communication with local and
regional electric power
system control centers. This
system allows for rapid
communication and signaling
for controlling the routing of
power.
Electric power for microwave
transmission comes from
special transformers that
reduce incoming transmission
voltage to that required for
the microwave system.
Oil circuit breakers are used to switch circuits and equipment in
and out of a system in a substation. They are oil filled to
provide cooling and to prevent arcing when the switch is
activated.
A type of insulator with a bell or pot-like shape used to connect
underground electrical cables to overhead lines. It serves to
separate the bunched-up conductors from one another in the
cable to the much wider separation in the overhead line. It also
seals the cable end from the weather. Potheads are mounted
on a distribution pole and the assembly is called a riser pole.
Power transformers raise or lower the
voltage as needed to serve the transmission
or distribution circuits.
SF6 circuit breakers operate
to switch electric circuits
and equipment in and out
of the system. These circuit
breakers are filled with
compressed sulfur-
hexafluoride gas which acts
to open and close the
switch contacts. The gas
also interrupts the current
flow when the contacts are
open.
A circuit breaker is a device
used to complete, maintain,
and interrupt currents flowing
in a circuit under normal or
faulted conditions. A vacuum
circuit breaker utilizes a vacuum
to extinguish arcing when the
circuit breaker is opened and to
act as a dielectric to insulate
the contacts after the arc is
interrupted. One type of circuit
breaker is called a recloser. A
vacuum recloser is designed to
interrupt and reclose an AC
current circuit automatically,
and can be designed to cycle a
set number of times before it
must be reset manually.

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