REVIEW

To be safe while installing network

cable and protect the health and
welfare of all people at the
workplace, Why is it important to
cordon off the area when using a
ladder?
Installing network cables, whether
copper or fiber-optic, can be
dangerous. When working with
fiber-optic cables, which should
you use to pick up small
fragments of glass?
As an aspiring computer
technician, you should be aware of
all possible dangers in the
workplace. What should you wear
when installing network cables to
protect yourself from toxic
materials?
It is important that we cut the
cables properly using correct tools
and wearing proper PPE, what
should you wear when cutting,
stripping, or splicing any kind of
cables?
What is true about computer
networks?
Describe the following:
Personal Area Network (PAN)
Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN)
Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
PAN (Personal Area Network) is a
computer network formed around
a person. It generally consists of a
computer, mobile, or personal
digital assistant.
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a
group of computer and peripheral
devices which are connected in a
limited area such as school,
laboratory, home, and office building.
It is a widely useful network for
sharing resources like files, printers,
games, and other application.
WAN (Wide Area Network) is another
important computer network that which
is spread across a large geographical
area. WAN network system could be a
connection of a LAN which connects with
other LAN’s using telephone lines and
radio waves. It is mostly limited to an
enterprise or an organization.
Metropolitan Area Network or MAN is
consisting of a computer network across
an entire city, college campus, or a small
region. This type of network is large than
a LAN, which is mostly limited to a single
building or site. This type of network
allows you to cover an area from several
miles to tens of miles.
Differentiate the following:
Coaxial cable
Fiber-Optic cable
Twisted-pair cable
1. Twisted pair is a type of copper
cabling that is used for telephone
communications and most Ethernet
networks. The pair is twisted to
provide protection against crosstalk,
the noise generated by adjacent pairs
of wires in the cable.
● Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is the cable
that has two or four pairs of wires. This type
of cable relies solely on the cancellation
effect produced by the twisted-wire pairs
that limits signal degradation caused by
electromagnetic interface (EMI) and radio
frequency interference (RFI). UTP is the most
commonly used cabling in networks. UTP
cables have a range of 328 feet (100 m).
●Shielded twisted pair (STP), each pair
of wire is wrapped in metallic foil to
better shield the wires from noise. Four
pairs of wires are then wrapped in an
overall metallic braid or foil. STP
reduces electrical noise from within the
cable. It also reduces EMI and RFI from
outside the cable.
Category Rating
1. Category 3 is the wiring used for
telephone systems and Ethernet LAN at
10 Mega byte per second (Mbps).
2. Category 3 has four pairs of wires.
3. Category 5 and Category 5e have four
pairs of wires with a transmission rate of
100 Mbps.
Category Rating
4. Category 5 and Category 5e is the
most common network cables used.
5. Category 5e has more twists per
foot than Category 5 wiring
2. Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cable is a copper-cored
cable surrounded by a heavy
shielding. Coaxial cable is used to
connect the computers to the rest
of the network.
●Thicknet (10BASE5) is a coaxial cable
used in networks operating at 10 Mbps,
with a maximum length of 500 meters.
(longer)
●Thinnet (10BASE2) is a coaxial cable
used in networks operating at 10 Mbps,
with a maximum length of 185 meters.
(shorter)
3. Fiber-Optic Cable
+glass or plastic conductor that
transmits information using light.
+has one or more optical fibers enclosed
in a sheath or jacket.
+made of glass, not affected by EMI or
RFI.
3. Fiber-Optic Cable
+signals are converted to light pulses to
enter the cable and are converted back
into electrical signals when they leave it.
+deliver signals that are clearer, and can
go farther, without compromising the
clarity of signals.
Multimode
+thicker core than single-mode cable.
+It is easier to make, can use simpler
light sources such as Light Emitting
Diodes (LEDs), and works well over
distances of a few kilometers or less.
Single Mode
Characterize:
Modem
Router
Switch
Hub
Modem,
+"modulator-demodulator,"
+a device connecting your home to your
internet service provider (ISP) through a
physical connection.
+translates the data from your ISP into a
format that your home network devices
can use.
Router
+device that creates a local area network
(LAN).
+connects to your modem and then to
your devices, such as computers,
laptops, smartphones, and tablets.
+also allows those devices to connect to
the internet.
A network switch
+connects devices in a network to
each other, enabling them to talk by
exchanging data packets.
+Switches can be hardware devices
that manage physical networks or
software-based virtual devices.
A network hub
+is a node that broadcasts data to
every computer or Ethernet-based
device connected to it. A hub is less
sophisticated than a switch, the
latter of which can isolate data
transmissions to specific devices.
What is true about networking?
What is true about networking?

Characterize straight-through
from cross-over cable?
What is true about networking?

Characterize straight-through
from cross-over cable?
Ethernet Cable
+network cable used for high-speed wired
network connections between two devices.
+made of four-pair cable, which is consists
of twisted pair conductors.
+used for data transmission at both ends of
the cable, which is called RJ45 connector.
Ethernet Cable
+categorized as Cat 5, Cat 5e, Cat 6, and
UTP cable.
+Cat 5 cable can support a 10/100 Mbps
Ethernet network
+Cat 5e and Cat 6 cable to support
Ethernet network running at
10/100/1000 Mbps.
What is Straight Through Cable?
+ type of CAT5 with RJ-45 connectors at each end,
and each has the same pin out.
+ either the T568A or T568B standards.
+ uses the same color code throughout the LAN for
consistency.
+ twisted-pair cable is used in LAN to connect a
computer or a network hub such as a router.
+ one of the most common types of network cable.
What is Cross-over Cable?
+ a type of CAT 5 where one end isT568A
configuration and the other end as
T568BConfiguration.
+ Pin 1 is crossed with Pin 3, and Pin 2 is
crossed with Pin 6.
+ widely used to connect two devices of the
same type: e.g., two computers or two
switches to each other.
Steps:
1. Cut into the plastic sheath 1 inch from the end of the cut
cable
2. Untwist and sort wires by color pairs.
3. Arrange wires according to specifications.
4. Trim all wires evenly, leave about ½” of wires exposed
5. Pinch the wires between your fingers and straighten
them out.
6. Attach RJ-45 connector, maintain wire order, left-to-
right, with RJ45 tab facing downward.
Steps:
7. Push the wires into the connector. Each wire fits into a slot in the
RJ45 connector.
8. Check if all wires are extended to end and the sheath or protective
covering is well inside connector along with the wires.
9. Insert RJ-45 connector together with the wire to the 8pin socket of
the crimping tool maintaining the same position of the wires inside
the connector.
10. Squeeze the crimping tool handle to firmly crimp connector onto
cable end.
11. Make sure to test the cables before installing them.
5S
1.Seiri
2.Seiton
3.Seiso
4.Seiketsu
5.Shitsuke
Topology
1.Physical - refers to the actual
connections (wires, cables, etc.) of
how the network is arranged.
2.Logical - conceptual understanding of
how and why the network is arranged
the way it is, and how data moves.
Network Topology
The physical and logical arrangement
of nodes and connections in a
network. Nodes usually include
devices such as switches, routers and
software with switch and router
features.
Bus topologies are a good, cost-
effective choice for smaller
networks because the layout is
simple, allowing all devices to be
connected via a single coaxial or
RJ45 cable.
Hybrid structures are most found
in larger companies where
individual departments have
personalized network topologies to
suit their needs and network
usage.
Tree topology has a parent-child
hierarchy to how the nodes are
connected. Those connected to the
central hub are connected linearly
to other nodes, so two connected
nodes only share one mutual
connection.
Star topology, the most common
network topology, is laid out so
every node in the network is
directly connected to one central
hub via coaxial, twisted-pair, or
fiber-optic cable.
Ring topology is where nodes are
arranged in a circle (or ring). The
data can travel through the ring
network in either one direction or
both directions, with each device
having exactly two neighbors.
Network Interface Card
- A hardware component of the
computer that connects a
computer or other computing
equipment to a network.
Network Adapter
+This may be an Ethernet controller and
port attached to the edge of the
motherboard.
+A small wireless networking chip
located on the motherboard.
+A small peripheral that connects to a
USB port
Configuring a Network Adapter
1. Click the Start icon (or press the
Start button on the keyboard), and
then tap or click Setting.
2. Click Network & Internet
3. Click Ethernet
Configuring a Network Adapter
4. Click Change Adapter Options
5. Right-click the connection that you
want to configure and then choose
Properties from the contextual menu
that appears.
Wireless networks are configurations
that operate on radio frequency or
microwave signals. The radio signals
allow wireless enabled devices to
communicate with one another and the
Internet without having to be connected
to the network via an Ethernet cable.
Resource sharing uses network-
connected peripheral devices like
printers, scanners and copiers, or
sharing software between multiple
users, saves money. How does
resource sharing take place?
The computer network is defined as a
set of interconnected autonomous
systems that facilitate distributed
processing of information. It results
in better performance with a high
speed of processing. Give the
advantages of computer networking.
You set up a network group and
shared a folder with them. After
checking you discovered that it
was unable to view, copy, or edit
the folder. How do you fix the
folder sharing you created?
Check if the folder is shared to
everyone and the permission level
is set to r.ead/write
You want to reserve specific
devices to connect exclusively to
the router regardless of how much
limit you put into the wireless
devices, what wireless network
configurations you are going to
do?
MAC address reservation
Network devices:
Wireless repeater is a device
that receives a wireless signal and
transmits it to extend the signal over
longer distances. This can be a very
useful tool for homes that are quite large,
office spaces, or outdoor areas that need
to have extended wireless coverage.
Network devices:
Router acts as a hub that sets up
a local area network and manages
all of the devices and
communication in it.
Network devices:
An access point is a sub-device within
the local area network that provides
another location for devices to
connect from and enables more
devices to be on the network.
To check whether each device is
connected properly or not, testing and
checking procedures must be carried out.
Ways to examine the network's physical
connections.
+No LED-light indicator in the ethernet
port of the computer, router or switch
means there is a possible problem.
+Solid green light indicator means
the device is connected via ethernet
port.
+Blinking light indicator means there
is a data activity in the device
To finish up a network project, test
the hardware and software
components of the system and the
network. What quick tests can be run
to make sure the network is operating
properly?
+Launch windows explorer and try to
share a folder to an unknown
network path
IP Address:
1. Static IP
2. Dynamic IP
Static IP vs Dynamic IP
A static IP address is an IP address
that doesn’t change. Typically, users
enter static IP addresses manually;
the other option is the internet
service provider (ISP) assigning it.
Static IP vs Dynamic IP
A dynamic IP address is an IP address
that an ISP lets you use temporarily. If
a dynamic address is not in use, it can
be automatically assigned to a
different device. Dynamic IP addresses
are assigned using either DHCP or
PPPoE.
An IP address is a number that is used to
identify a device on the network. Each
device on a network must have a unique IP
address to communicate with other
network devices. Network devices are
those that move data across the network,
including hubs, switches, and routers. On
a LAN, each host (device that sends or
receives information on the network).
The basic unit of data transfer
across an IP internetwork is the IP
Layer Packet. This packet
contains the necessary
information such as the source
and destination IP addresses, as
well as the data being sent.
Remote Desktop
This is a program or an operating
system feature that allows a user
to connect to a computer in
another location, see that
computer's desktop and interact
with it as if it were local
People use remote desktop access
capabilities to do a variety of things,
including the following:
1.Ensure plan maintenance.
2.Access a home computer from other
locations.
3. Fix a computer problem.
4. Perform administrative tasks.
5. Demonstrate something, such
as a process or a software
application