What is SQL? Provide a description and an example of the four commands used.

What
are the disadvantages and advantages of using SQL to construct a database?
SQL is a widely-used programming language that allows you to efficiently manage and
manipulate data stored in relational databases. SQL is a powerful language that allows you to
efficiently perform operations on databases. It is specifically designed to work with tables that
consist of rows and columns, making it a versatile tool for managing data. SQL is crucial for
extracting relevant data from databases, which can then be used by various platforms like Python
or R for analytical purposes. SQL is highly efficient in managing multiple data transactions
concurrently, particularly when dealing with large volumes of data being written simultaneously.

According to the ANSI standard, SQL is a popular language for handling the backend data of
web applications. All major versions and frameworks are supported, and it works with relational
databases including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and many more. Facebook,
WhatsApp, and Instagram are all owned by Meta Inc., and SQL is essential to the processing and
storing of data in their backends.
 Commands
SQL SELECT:
The SELECT command is utilized to retrieve either specific or all data from a table. The SELECT
statement can be utilized in conjunction with operators to limit the quantity of data retrieved.
Example:
SELECT e_name, e_age FROM emp;
SQL CREATE:
The CREATE command is utilized to generate a fresh SQL database or SQL table. SQL implementations
often generate a fresh database by establishing a novel directory, wherein tables and other database
entities are stored as files.
Example:
Create table emp (emp_ID int,l_name varchar(255),f_name varchar(255));
SQL DELETE:
The DELETE command eliminates rows from a specified table.
Example:
DELETE FROM emp WHERE e_name = 'Juhn Smith';
SQL INSERT INTO:
The INSERT INTO statement is utilized to insert records into a database table.
Example:
INSERT INTO emp (e_name, e_age) VALUES ('Jone Dae', 29);
SQL UPDATE:
The UPDATE command is utilized to modify rows or records inside a designated table.
Example:
UPDATE emp SET age = 30 WHERE e_name = 'Jone Dae';

Advantages:
1. Simplicity of acquisition and utilization:
An eminent benefit of SQL is its inherent user-friendliness. SQL, which has a syntax that closely
resembles English, is quite straightforward to understand, even for individuals who are new to it.
Its straightforwardness renders it accessible to a wide range of users, spanning from database
administrators to developers.
2. Ensuring the accuracy and consistency of data:
SQL databases adhere to the principles of ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability),
which guarantee the integrity of data. Transactions are handled with a high level of assurance,
ensuring the integrity of data and minimizing the risk of data corruption or loss.
3. Querying with a structured approach:
The querying capabilities of SQL are very reliable, allowing users to effortlessly access, filter,
and analyze data. The organized format enables the rapid execution of intricate queries and the
extraction of precise information from extensive databases.
4. Ability to handle increasing demands:
SQL databases possess exceptional scalability, enabling them to handle increasing volumes of
data while maintaining optimal performance. The capacity to scale is vital for firms undergoing
growth or facing higher demands for data storage.

Disadvantages:
1. Restricted capacity to handle complex queries:
Although SQL is capable of handling simple queries on a wide scale, it may encounter
constraints when confronted with intricate queries or extensive datasets. Under such
circumstances, there may be instances of reduced performance, which can negatively affect the
speed at which the database responds.
2. Incompatibility with NoSQL Databases:
SQL is specifically tailored for relational databases, therefore it may not be the optimal selection
for firms utilizing NoSQL databases that value adaptability and scalability above a strict,
organized syntax.
3. Steep learning curve associated with the utilization of advanced features:
Although SQL is relatively simple to grasp for fundamental tasks, attaining proficiency in
sophisticated features and optimization strategies might prove to be arduous. The complexity of
this learning process may discourage certain users from effectively utilizing the functionalities of
SQL.
4. Implementations customized to a certain vendor:
SQL implementations might vary across various database suppliers, resulting in differences in
syntax and features. Migrating across database systems might lead to compatibility concerns.
5. Issues related to security:
Although SQL databases possess security measures, they are nonetheless susceptible to security
vulnerabilities. SQL injection attacks can exploit weaknesses in inadequately programmed
programs, potentially resulting in unauthorized access or data breaches.

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