BC Iv-8
BC Iv-8
There are occasions when it is possible to perform a difficult piece of integration by first
making a substitution. This has the effect of changing the variable and the integrand. The ability to
Establishing a purpose
carry out integration by substitution is a skill that develops with practice and experience, but
for the lesson
sometimes a sensible substitution may not lead to an integral that can be evaluated. We must then be
prepared to try out alternative substitutions.
Suppose we are given an intergral of the form ∫ f ( g ( x ) ) ∙ g ' ( x ) dx . We can transform this
Presenting examples/ into another form by changing the independent variable x to u using the substitution u = g(x) . In this
instances of the new du
= g’(x) dx. Therefore, ∫ f ( g ( x ) ) ∙ g ( x ) dx = ∫ f (u) du. This change of variable is one of
'
lesson case,
dx
the most important tools available to us. This technique is called integration by substitution.
Discussing new Evaluate the following integral.
concepts and practicing
new skills #1
Example 7.1 ∫ e3 xdx
Example 7.2 ∫ 2 dx
4x
1
Example 7.3 ∫ 2 x−1 dx
Discussing new
concepts and practicing
new skills #2
Developing mastery
(leads to formative
assessment 3) Example 10: Evaluate the integral ∫ e sinx cosx dx
Finding practical
applications of concepts
and skills in daily living
Making generalizations Ask the students to explain the method of integration by substitution based on the examples
and abstractions about shown.
the lesson
Evaluating Learning
Additional activities or
remediation
REMARKS
Reflect on your teaching and assess yourself as a teacher. Think about your students’ progress. What works? What else needs to
REFLECTION be done to help the pupils/students learn? Identify what help your instructional supervisors can provide for you so when you
meet them, you can ask them relevant questions.
No. of learners who earned
80% of the evaluation
No. of learners who require
additional activities for
remediation who scored below
80%
Did the remedial lesson work?
No. of learners who have
caught up with the lesson.
No. of learners who continue
to require remediation
Which of my teaching
strategies worked well? Why
did these work?
What difficulties did I
encounter which my principal
or supervisor can help me
solve?
What innovation or localized
materials did I use/ discover
which I wish to share with
other teachers