A ey An 4 fe a collection of Similan types | et data. | Example TE we want +o thye the manmeS af 100 people then we can create an annay of the giving type thak can Moye top names: sringt annoy = nel! Sring Lieo}, thy declene an ose dataTypet3 ommay mane; -» dataType mears Like int, chon, double and bye te A ommagname Means It is an fdentifien, Example doublerd dake ; Ta java we can dectene and allocate posnory an arnay in ane Single statement. doublecz data = new dowble Co; jaene ool cay, Steve 10 flements. IC Eeeee eee ee eae ae EeBeg te tethaige oma J Th Fava We cad initielive ore Ae na aectomation jab ta aqge= Les sirt. 7 Mene we have cveated an annoy named Ue aad iiatlzed att the value inside the Cunrty packets x Tq TVA corey each memory Location i< asgoctated with a numben, The numbey ty Known ap annoy index, x we can algo intiolize coats In JAVA Using the index numben Example iar EQ age = New intts0y I] declare an array age bl = iL; age G1 = 4 /| mm bialze ay oma age Rds 5; ageGi= 2, age GI = 5; 7ae proqva NY) 5 ; class Awe te public static. void main Cstingca ang,’ tak acjy= net tot ST) /! dectonotion B instantiats oy cued =e; [J initiabisetion QT] = 20; a BI 2 Toy ad = 4) ata) i So, tot (ine OF >} tea. lengthy ies) Sy Stem, ot: priatdn (acs);age) age) agewsr agel) ageQd PP tt EI & Axyoy Inderee always start from 0. be dye Piste Slemeak af ar arncy ys at index 0. we Se the Sige ef an ammay vet then the hast element ef edhe oon \ndex Spel x The Mein advantage at aoe at ig we can deprasere hage no of Values by ustag stagle variable <0 that oreadabiti ty of code ail} be im proved. & The main dicadvantage of ermay is fined In Size. be Ome Wwe create a omnay then thene f% no Chance incveote/ decvease ot si3e base on aur) Veg iivementAcessin Elements gf omay ke created you. can actesy ® Once the Wwe an emneny element by using the name of an index enclosed beteeen a paty of Squsne rackets. | an amnay flowed Py R The Index of a array indicakes The position ef an Element os aller areas, ® The index of fiver element in the V7 is alvoys ‘’ Geno) and the cecond Element hog en Padex | and So O- R The index of Yost Element ts hays des than the numben od Element in the covery The. sy ates Poy acres? fing an ommnay Elemele ts array Repvantinderd, progeny class Accesring re public Static votd tate (Stvfingie9 oA )L Pat Num = new INtSI), num 61 =% num Gd = tS; nud = 2S) num BI = 29 Num OF = $?; Cestrern. out: poattn Claveoy elemest numa? numtod); Sepstem: out: print! away Element Num(iI a nurs 01); System. ou. printhn(" Array Elemedh numis 4 numba) Sy vtem, out: printte ("Away Element Num@a: nun @:); Lystem, out. printtn(" Brrvouy @lement nun Gags" + ue aa); i \ cout pote Avyay element num{oI: & Array Element num (ijiis Ava Slement rum G9:25 rsa Element num GI! 20 prep Element num (ys? Soapenations on ora elements zy * Allocation of arene in gave &% dynanie Rasic openectiory Traverse Te prints al® the tlements in the ooo eg one be one Add an element at the giver Pandey 3: veletion delete Aan element of the given eu Seat Learchep an Element in the aviag wShng the given index ice wpdate update an glement at Class “Ravenel i public static void moln(Seing’s ony) L inte]. 4 = - into = $243, Soy 183,19} ; index the given indes,Sy steen. out prattn(” the ommay flements ane") | System: owt. printtn Cinrosotia .* "J; ouk pute The osmay elements one 23 5 Ay Ut 19 tncention Clas Tnsention i public Static void main(Shingc? ose) Ne ink nes, pos=x) int intancd = new Fat (+17 Ceannuy Seznen Scannen (System: in); System. out. priatln(" enten the oomay elemeats:"); A Cink iso, ian, \+)y y inkooo Ci Si ya ceo nextTnt 0;System. oust printstin Coron flement before Yntention:’) » Po Clae i=; 169; ie) i System. ot: printin Ciatoomcia +" "); q pos =3; X= RY; for Cint i= Oy d= (pet) 5 t=) L int ar (41) = iatAvti 5 3 int Ave [por-1) = % System: at priatn ("\yannay Elements atten iasention:") 5 Ay Cint (=07 (ens i++) G System: ot priatin Ciataycid+" "); } System. owt: printin Clacavy (99); s Jonct pute Enten the smay Elements ase S ae UW Away flerienks betve inSention QgQzs-rau Avtay Elements atten in sention QB. ay Fan, Deletion program fm poyt geva.ati] *Geann en, class Deletion u public static void maty (ening 3 ones) L tnt nes, *=10, flag =), doc =0; Scannen $= new Scannen System: in), Pot intomnca = new far fy; Scannyy, se Snew Lcannen C97 Stem. iny System. oat: printin (* fohy anya Elements") > Poy Cink (S07 12; i+) Ne Prom th j = SoonextTakQ);System. ou priacin (" ora Elements befwe insertion.) tyy Cint f=o7 ten, i++) ab a - womye Sqstem. out- printin Cintamnt 3+ A J fox Cint {=0; jen; itt) ip Gntoncis ==%) iE Flag =', doc = y 5 else 5 1 Flag =o j 3 3 if Gag ==) foy Cint i= does i; ieny itt) U eset) = tated); 3 System at: pista (\n annay Elements Otten deleting: ); py Cint 0, jen-u, ied) &Sgstem. ot: print Cistomnci3+ " "y; yy System out: print’ Cintosn(A-23); 5 dose GE Sy stern: ont: printinc” Clem tnt: note found"), j 4 } out pute Enten the oro ements Slo 1S ab as ney clemente befve taseretondeletfon sc wow Is aval : } i AIO Pemeats atten deletlon C7, AS Ad ea,3-7 ME ANTONIE] =necs ‘nt {nJ; 1 SC=new Smanen CS8y stemrin); System out print tn (* enten pormnad Element :") ; Aa Gat t=0; jen, 144) 5 i Suv Clot 7204 169; 14+) getren- ood pant (intosntia+ ' oy Fas a1, G i bterky& 5 te (flag == 1) L System our printtn C'\n Element Found" y 4 else L " System: out: printta C'\n clement not found’), 4 udeput” earn the ona Clements Wes Quest oe The osmay Elements me: (@ team Ger & Element not found, uuceelaod! fen port gava. util Scann n; Class Updation L public Static void main Cstvteg CI oy)WE Seamer eters 16) Ine NES, %) Neanyeay Se ree keane Sipshemt «fos ta fyvawyr p= ater fat lady Seanneyy fee vets Kearieven Coy sheen fay: QypaYronsant: prinkte @o la tater ovary. Hlemect 2"); pw Clat ts oy leg er) \ * . Tatoo = se next tab Oy + w Systeay out priakdnl! \y @atey ore) Pleeneak ones), fev (fat te oy beng ten) t Syston souk epvink Clateomctsn! ")j \ v 4 u Syavoon: oat pvinttn(! \n Faken new eeenks ); d me Ssernmextlak oy fey Cine feoy tes) Veer) L ” TP CImeooo) chy © = Seosie ty che) \ Inbornmtty © % Ivealssyste No ut prinkte (1 aooray Elemente atten aploding?); Ay Cine be ey fens pay t System owt priatty Gatoomelt a ak pre earm the oomnay tlemenh Fy Ts ae es ‘Wre ammey clemeats one ci jf By aS Erten +e new Element. aS asmay Elemeats aften cepdede nig) s 4 (9Asetgntng’ armay te anothen snty ih cued in java can be copied + another comey using Following ways * using veritable asetg x create a NeW ommnag copy each element ebhod of omnay. clone method qment but is of the Same tength not betten cay and x use the Clone ™ create @ Ne asM1ay of game spe rn MALY COPY o> method. ormaycopy © d ty copy a Subset of an ovieg. stae. x we Sys can be use pro gran) class Copyarney L public static votd matin (stings? ang) i facta OMNsnee PEC T LUIS}; inte a oovla= new tat Carte Reng th) - uy Pay (int 1=o7 icarnt. Length; tet) £ annals = omncd; } System: out: print dn(s 4 pre nC Cements of ori gina) omnay"); PovCint (20; tcomnt-length) i++)§ Systems out ’ } sparen rout: priatty © | print tn Comitiat "5 gypstern: otk: pvintitn C elements af new oma) ay Cink tao, ios: Lengthy i++) wn System: out. printty (omni itias” °)) } 5 t outprre pee ott Element of otginob ony, Va Sh 4 Gements of mew oon Ge Q 3b Gee S0 r yacnic change of onvay size ee in gava means citha grow oY gtae of the Vieg depending ats. * Dyaamic oeatan Shyante the upon * cuhile an Element is cnemoved -fyom an size must be veduce and usen veg tre mre oon art the oma 1B an element ge added ty aney then the era. size become stretth. @v) Fe? dleclonation af dynamic annay A\n osnay can be dectaned in three Vays, I: Arad c) Example tnt Pray ld HE 120} 5 a. TI Arey example fneca Avay= Lay, an Es a i | exomple int CT Avvay = Fug ayp- t | : ste Vs patty Ares +o use. to indices but at preset we append fon items to 0) agnamic ornay,—— Thene-fre h d ‘ nn the ‘i Ratatat ct the Mamie oonay site te foun and its capactty is ‘Io? Claes qe. € end fader capacthy slo Delete an Element chile deleting an €lemect from en array the nemoved) memove an element from dre end and automat ely stoves Eero ab the lash index. | Ge oe 8 of eet a! Aiae FAY MA BIL Mige Zz00 04 3R08 Bi Bt Remove (V) See Of. 6 py RR3L BISA= G2 RR NN TSM 3-0 Resize an osm cohen oserays have no dado ot the vight side af anergy which than take vanece sang MNMOY the method SrinksizeO -frecs Extra memory “FyaaBeee p Bab BAR Ray 22F Bao Woy ss08 231 Sink Sizeu \ 2 —» fndex values ss = 4 Element $ waa ——y addvess 3204 330k aan Bzoo Add cement can be create a fined Site onnay ae +o add Some Move elements usally iE tveates a new Thene ae nequered tn the oomey . oomey of double ste.Prog yan) class Array, private far ont dy prfvate fat count, public Ava Cink Leng h) L : a ann =ned intl Lengthy 5 o public votd print Away 0 L for Cint (20; ie Count ; i++) As Sysrem: out print Comeiae" "I, 3 5 public vetd fasentCiat elemenbh) t we Car: length== coun’) i fat nea aryl By Ciat (=o; iecounty i++) = neu int (2% county y new ay CiJ= ants; 3 ayy = ae ANY, axr Ccpuat+ aj= ¢lem ent, 3 / jSAE SN i ee stm Class cr& Sty v public Static vold mata ESringcs 0344) i Asvay number = 100 aay @, Numbens « insert Oo) ; num beng + fn Sert@r,; Aumbey + ia Sent 9; Aunbey + tn Sere G07; Num bey. pat Povag oO; outprt- to 30 Yo So. a of Arron 4 # Sorting i a way to anmnange Elements of a Dist fn cortafn orden “The orden May be ta ascending or descending orden at d Ascendteg oT The ascending orden amnanger the elernents ia the lowest highest oyden |we can pen-form gor Ling in dhe Prltostag unye I uitng sort oO method Q withoul Ustag met hoe. 3 usiag Pov Lovp 9 westng vsen de-PPned method. ustag sovF) cede we gavas ett] package provides sorkt) method + fh an ancy in ascend ing orden. xe TE accepts an covey +ype int, Ploat, double, loag chs hte program) Pom pore gavocut | - Arrays 5 class — Cortoomay L public grate vol L inecd ame = me Actors: sore (ornayty Systeo owt printtn U! elements of anvay ented to ascend ing orden. D5 d main Cstving C9 oy) poy Ce ba. auy w iatcd ganas! fox Ciat t= Oy Leonnay length; tet) { System: out: priartnCommayt va);Away € ts ray Elemeats tn astending ovden: © wm ag 2B Be 6F Yo 14, Class Sovk fat u public cratic void cnain( Sty es yw) BB} eh e ssdy oeking 9); Patra ams Ne tate agree! Cystem- oud: pratan ciara elements atten § Lt Cine t=97 jeomn-tengthy ir) L 4ei(jar 3217 jeave lengthy, a+) L ink Emp =97 ib (areli3 > ev(3I) vtmp = artidy otiy = avy(sa; ayveij = tere, 4 ] 4 Syatcem + out: print tn Carrtis); 3 } ooipese try V3.6, 8484, SS 70, FD. ustag user defined Method we have defined method Name ls Sort Arvag O class SordusendePined L public static void enain Cetringcs ong) ‘ int ty tot oxmaycd = f 1bS,-1,1 4; Systems Dut. prt arn ey oot flementi Ketre sorting’); tov Cizo; Teommay-lenath ; i++) Og stem: vu priathy (oowrg cia), SovtAnray Carnay pareve} fengthy »BAS System: ont. printty Clotten elements Sov Hag s\n") , for Ciao} icoomay length; itt) ie Sy ster sout> j ] ' private static void Sout Away Cink ore, tok n) priatin Caray cin); 2 foy Cink fel ien; ite) i. int Jey iat a = ave ao; ahile (¢3>0) $94 cornay C=) aun = oomay(y-10 5 4-7) 5 amay (IJ= 0% J J 5 awk pt oomay Clement betive Sov Haq (QPS Stee awry Clement atten aovting, pal eer abt ol1, Ore tne elements 9 higher 1. ge CON Pperfrien Sorting tlbeuing ayy ovdent) method vides tne cre venseorden © method in Yevese ovden. ult]. Aas Collections» Impotk gave foo per gavae uti]: elas Corrdbevese fs public sratic vord ain (Sevingea ngs) e Integent omMay = [23 TE LOA GDI, U.4, 100,205} 7 fe Areeorgs sort Caray, Collections-revenseOrden 5 Sostern. ont prnta Cc cowie Elements tm detendivg sy 4 Are Sha if % “pet tring Comey);gs out put- ego ceae destending? a5 19,1018 28.1178 G10 program (‘etving) ten porh gave. util. Avrags, fonporr gava: uti}: Collections; clast sortdesestving i public Static vid main L ane. omy =Y many be “apnle", Grapes’, "ganann’! + y Arrays. Sort (stony , Collectivry srevenseOvden 69) 5 System: oct: priatte @) aeey Clements in de seen ling orders Avags toSing Cstomnead yy 5 C8tringl3 a4) 4 \ out pul nla, aaali dertegting ae te mango Gropey Banana Aprile ' |Seanch fav value in AWays arenas a aQaven coed ane task i te check Whethen a centain element 14 present in this annay of Mot In gave Example Tapuk— oncI= LS, WIA bi) keg ae output — true Topetis OMCs E -l 1,5. eh key = este ovtpet — tole. There ale veri ory ways ty Sanch v Rome ef Those oe. y. Linear teach onary te +ravensed sequentially and aluy in OT 4 Tn this List of evony element *s checked Pragrany ten pore gava- util. Areas 5 fo port java. util: sheam: TatSteam, class Lines & private ciatieveid check C! L akcd or, int teChecleNalue) boolean tesr= tobe, fy Cin tlements oy) L if Celement = = teCheckVelue) ttesh = hue; AAG brvecile 5 } 3 System: out prints C'Te 4 te Check Va bie " preent ia the amnay:" + beth); 4 public static void orain( String oo) £ int anc = L Sit a Ub lo}; int +CheckValue =; Cystem. ps : gSbem: 00d - printa(" Breage Arrag a: toString tox) ) - checkCaw, trCheck'Value), 3 owt prt Ava + £5, 11,9 Arr, 6 bo} Te 1 present tn tne omnes: true. 2. Binany search method Seach sorted ommary by nepertedly Ty +hes div? ding the Seanch Interval ty half. pegin Lait, an interval coven ina tne whole amnenyaf Soro Reg Ho teae Than dhe Ren TfL the value Wo fake dawn in the middle of the Interval dhe alg ofhmatse I tal OPED half, Repeastesl by check until the value 4 found ov the iatenval es empty. program) Import savae atl) Ayes) im povE — gavas abil: stream» SabSream} class Bingny seanch fe private. static vold cheek Cinta prvy tat tChecbvalu) i Away S + SovF (arr) ; fat ves= preveugt-binanggoncls Corn, toC heck\Valve); boolean fest = ves70 9 true: false) System. out priatin C To" Cheek Vale +" praseat in the ames s"atesh yy 4 public Static vord mata CString a anys ) cin’ areca = { Silay, rb, (OF; cal tat wCheekMalue = 75 Qe prem. out: printtn CS Avey: “a Avvagss te inter Check Cam tCheek Value); 3 j Out prt Arvo: 51.907, Vids to re 7 present ta the ame’ 3 aoe class Avay. $ AThe gava- util. Aways class Contoing vasrtous State methods for sorting and &eanching oooh y com poring OOMay , aad Hilttag orice tlements, ye These method overloaded for all prin ste typep | public static need [ot binanryesrch olgeet S24, object bey seanch He Speetfied amet of. obpeok Ryte tok, double etc. forthe specitiedl verliue using the bineny seach algorithm, Q- public static boolean cpteals Long 3a, Song C702TE neteoms true if the too SpectPied may of Longs oe equol +e one another. 2 public Static _votd ill int CIA jntval. Astyn the spect fied tat value tr each element af the spect fied annoy of int , same method could be cused by all primitive data type ue public Statice void Sort object C14 got. the spect Hed aay of objects int fe natal evdertng could bp astead?ns oveley aocorvelt , of its elements. same method seal by all oth primitive data type.Tio —dimensional Aeros biabieslabg iL yn Toso dimensional ommay is the Simplest’ Fern of mrubked ¢men sie nal aovray x fp Wr dimensional ore cary be seen arwney 04 one dimenstorel ormray frreasien understanding fa Declaration Syntax dotatypec3t 3 aomaynane = new dedatype &I 9; Bovnple int CIC avs ndisgink E10 CRD, Toit tisetion Syatar avery name [row index) Ceolumnfadex’] = value, Example © aryCotCod= \y Aen LS ow dotatype-c9 cd aay nme = [value Qc, value Re aly {value RAC), value Petry} x00 ple. in-oaca ars L'a} Bott)coo) QD Avey Aecesring Elements of SP Aes an € DBmmor 5 in 90 diwensienal ern ty in & Plememen® oe ee cnreftened bg *07 3] whe 5 le mum BE} ead 3} fs the co um9q soe x frou idee] (Column fader) Exampl & int CBC arv= new iat (2G °0; Rope xntation ef raodimensional anay column © caluma | column Q Row O x (03) X00) xBIe) Row | xCO09 xP v0 6) bow Q x B13 x D009 x GI0I. pro gvam 2D aes! Rac eee scene {en pork gare util. Qaanen; class Taodimensional tepublic state void main CSringea ana4 ) i. fat vow, col, 7,55 int eNcICI= New intCiwI C10, Scannn ee = nen Ceannen (Sustem-in)y Sysrem: out printty C" Enten ao of v8 tay ene, Cmax to): y You =Se-nextlat 0; System: ont printtn (8 enter ne of Column fr omey (max oy"); Col = Se. net Tat OF System: out: priatto Ci eaten" Crier col) +! Prag Elements:") E Ay (eo lave, j++) t ; es dee C iso, Jccels i++) fe om cii(i1= ee next Tater; 5 } System: bod. peiattn( The aneg len’): doy Ciso) leven) 344) A te Clea; Jecol; y+) AsSy Stem: out poohlaCanfiitiae "); Sg rem. Dut. printlnO; J 5 3 out prt Eaten number af you fe VINA (may in) 3 3 Eaten qumben sf ca] Ay armnag (orax to)? 3 Enien 9 sora Elements wep Pp eynoww — The ayray tie \ a 3 Gas ¢ 7 et 43-20 Three dimensional Arad mension ASE x Thee demen Sioa! arma ig commplen Porm ef multi dimen Siv nal aAY x A Tree dimensional ommay Can be Seen ay oovneey, of too dimensional osray Ay eastyy vad er stendivng, peclanatio 9 Syatar datortype C3207 avrayname = new detatype Qa bGT; Sample jattacIed ays new intlw7 GIB oy Eniti Lizection Syatar c ayvagname fanay inded) (vow index] (Columa index} =vilue; Example ary ICI GI= 1; actestirg Elements at Elements iq tree dimensional ood one. Comma nefermed ‘4 xcta(5ITk) whe ‘i it the oma num be) ey J 4% the vou numben “Betis the clumn umbenExample tak oae3ac3 avranew ink Qo) Ged (9; avy PIGII=A1; ntatioo ef 8p Axray column Ci Creare Aad. 1 ay 0 Row) Rows | Row 2 a3? pees piu's 213 Avag? progyam fry 3D aro _§ import gava* uti) Zanaen class Threed imensione} t public Static void maln CStrfngc oad ) ie ink awit 3c3c)d =new in¢ C27 CuI; tots tah ey qumdes lytor Ciro; feds i449 t dor Geo; 5e4; 144) i tee er0, KE2j K++) L ari G9 ITE) = mG NUM 4) a 7 is Fy Cisco; ict; 144) t Ae C420; gon; att) L dy (k=0; Yer; le-v4) rE Sysrem: oud paiatla( ois f°) Cie TD 04 kas" arvliacia (ey 4" we) t i Sysrem- out: priatte os) 3 Sy stem: out. priattn oroud pale ud pole: forays NS votes Resize nan : The length ed an oma fe Bixed ome th Soaks whee cg vectoy & vesnable Synchronizakion # veebr & synchwoted Chere sy eu) armas not Synchye nized. {2 pen BymMante Both annays and Wehr: fake constant Hme 3 : me Aor retrieval and O%Gnment operations Siva 4 e An erly dog nh Tete eng adaitioast crevage while veebsy mesmve OF) addittonc! arwvege cubes gove. ona can Heald both primitive dedatyryiat, cher , Long rte. Wheat veotry CAN hole d only yew object, size toy, We oO) call its Te dand Se af tthe Vee whee ammo hap w-tength Sfaeo methrd , propenty thot otovieg ibe clengsth DimenSiory Avaty fq Jona Supports Single clime neionah armeg os well af multidimensional arnay 4. A vectoy hee no convept ef dimension buds we @n easily conthucl oveeby of veetove, Suppor fy geneviy Oe es Vectoy Supports generics te eqaune type satty tohile an array dots not Seapperl Senorien“2 a a Enport tance Tohenitancte in gave is & Weep Attucy ie tuiehe one! obyecl acqutnes all the propentkqy and behaviors of a ponent object: why use Inhenitane i a x FoY Method ovewrld ing *% Foy code Yeusebility Tenms uted ia inheritance ge class pa class ig & grorp ef abseet cahich have Common pro porkep x Subclass) child class The class that taholts from anothn class a Sapor class/paneot The class being inhertbed frond zw Reuse bili : you > ene Pietds aod method of evsittng class chen your create a new class. i Types of fohentiaate |. Stagle Iobenitaate a. multiple tahrthane& multilevel tahenttance ue Hrenanchical iahoritaace in Hybrid in henttance sin le tahent tance ea: strg le Iahenttaace one poate | class Erlends anathar east In T etase 8 a class A. claus A te Seupery clastR Extends ont clas and clas BH progr class Ani maf u void eat) Subclan, t wt A ‘a System: outs pratloc cating ); ry j ds Animal L class OF Boke Leysren ont priattn(" banking" AS Class Testinhou tance u public Static void mata fi acs 7 O44)Dog d= need boy ga ede Hy dv bank © } a wtb} % Ss 4 j ortspute bankin eating. a. multiple inherttance sequhen one cass inherits mvceLtiple clones tle tr Ranma oy multiple inheatkante ae el iy gave x multiple inheritance tH nok aupporhe din gev [clase 8 } 3. multi level inhovitaate a chaln af tne kano) yt bene UK ntheo 4hore ' as cauttitevel tahoritanteprogvam) class Antenol noid catC) { system: out: priatta Cs coding "y; +E Class be eutends Animol £ oid bank O { syste oneuhpriotdnC bork ig "4 j class bovby dos extend bog Noid Weep O { Sy Stern ot printinC weeping”); + } Class Tesh public Static void onan Shing 9 ory) y Babsbeg dane Baby bg 0; d- weep; d- bonk (0; d- eat C5,4. Hicnanchicel inher’ tante, pre clasies inhenity & Single chen too oF ™ nchitel inhenttance class it i taoun af Hiore class A pregrvan) class “intimal Lt void eater Lsystem: out: pria tle (eating “v4 3 class Deg catends Animal L void benkt a System out priate C ban Ring “); 1 clay Car fatends Aart O void meow CI £ system ont puttin meowing © ey 3 Class Testinhsuitane C public static wid main Cfhingcs ongt) Cat c= new Cato; Cc. 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