SR+LT BIPC ALL BATCHES DAY-4 PRACTICE ASSIGNMENTS-2

SUBJECT: PHYSICS

CHAPTER: THERMODYNAMICS

1. If the density of water 1gm cm 3 changes to 6.25  10 4 gm cm 3 when 1gm of water is converted to
vapour, then the work done against 1 atmospheric pressure of 10 5 Pa is
1) 160J 2) 625J 3) 312.5J 4) 82.3J
KEY : 1
Sol :
W   PdV  P(V2  V1 )
 1 
W  105  4
 106  1 106   160 J
 6.25  10 
2. Variation of internal energy with density of one mole of monatomic gas is depicted in the adjoining
figure, corresponding variation of pressure with volume can be depicted as (Assuming the curve is
rectangular hyperbola)
U


P
P P P

v v v v
1) 2) 3) 4)
KEY : 4
Sol :
1 P RT
Since U  or U = constant,   P = constant since  is increasing, therefore V is
  M
decreasing

3. In the following indicator diagram, the net amount of work done will be

1) Positive 2) Negative 3) Zero 4) Infinity

KEY : 2
 Sol :
The cyclic process 1 is clockwise where as process 2 is anticlockwise. Clockwise area represents
positive work and anticlockwise area represents negative work. Since negative area (2) > positive
area (1), hence net work done is negative

4. The volume of air increases by 5% in its adiabatic expansion. The percentage decrease in its pressure
will be    1.4 
(1) 5% (2) 6% (3) 7% (4) 8%
KEY : 3
Sol :
PV  K or P V  1dV  dP . V   0
dP dV dP  dV 
or   or  100     100 
P V P  V 
 1.4  5  7%

5. When an ideal gas (  5 / 3 ) is heated under constant pressure, then what percentage of given heat
energy will be utilised in doing external work
(1) 40 % (2) 30 % (3) 60 % (4) 20 %
KEY : 1
Sol :
W U nC dT
Q  U  W   1  1 V
Q Q nCP dT
W C 3 2 W
  1  V  1    0.4  100  40%
Q CP 5 5 Q
6. A reversible engine converts one-sixth of the heat input into work. When the temperature of the sink
is reduced by 62°C, the efficiency of the engine is doubled. The temperatures of the source and sink
are
(1) 80°C, 37°C (2) 95°C, 28°C (3) 90°C, 37°C (4) 99°C, 37°C
KEY : 4
Sol :
 T  W 1
Initially    1  2    ...(i)
 T1  Q 6
 T '  (T  62 )  T 62
Finally  '  1  2    1  2  1 2 

 T1   T1  T1 T1
62
  ....(ii)
T1
It is given that '  2.
62 62 1 62
 2n  n  n ; 
T1 T1 6 T1
 T1  372 K  99C and T2  310 K  37C
7. The P-V diagram of 2 gm of helium gas for a certain process A  B is shown in the figure. what is
the heat given to the gas during the process A  B
P

2P0
B

P0 A

V0 2V0 V

(1) 4 PV
o o (2) 6 PoVo (3) 4.5PV
o o (4) 2 PV
o o
 KEY : 2
Sol :
Change in internal energy from A  B is
f f
U  nRT  ( Pf V f  PV i i)
2 2
3 9
 (2 P0  2V0  P0  V0 )  PV
0 0
2 2
Work done in process A  B is equal to the Area covered by the graph with volume axis i.e.,
1 3
W A B  (P0  2 P0 )  (2 V0  V0 )  P0 V0
2 2
Hence, Q  U  W  9 P0 V0  3
P0 V0  6 P0 V0
2 2
8. A gas mixture consists of 3 moles of oxygen and 5 moles of argon at temperature T. Considering
only translational and rotational modes, the total internal energy of the system is
1) 12 RT 2) 15 RT 3) 20 RT 4) 4 RT
KEY : 2
Sol :
n f RT
Internal energy of a gas with f degree of freedom is U  , where n is the number of moles.
2
n f RT 5
Internal energy due to O2 gas which is a diatomic gas is U1  1 1  3  RT
2 2
( n1  3 moles, degree of freedom for a diatomic gas f1  5 )
n f RT 3
Internal energy due to Ar gas which is a monoatomic gas is U 2  2 2  5  RT
2 2
( n2  5 moles, degree of freedom for a monoatomic gas f 2  3 )
 Total internal energy = U 1  U 2
 U  15 RT

9. For free expansion of the gas which of the following is true

(1) Q  W  0 and  Eint  0 (2) Q  0, W  0 and Eint  W
(3) W  0, Q  0, and  Eint  Q (4) W  0, Q  0 and Eint  0
KEY : 1
Sol :
For the free expansion of the gas Q and W are zero and change in internal energy is also zero
10. The specific heat of hydrogen gas at constant pressure is C P  3. 4  10 3 cal / kg o C and at constant volume is
CV  2 .4  10 3 cal / kg o C. If one kilogram hydrogen gas is heated from 10 o C to 20 o C at constant pressure,
the external work done on the gas to maintain it at constant pressure is
(1) 10 5 cal (2) 10 4 cal (3) 10 3 cal (4) 5  10 3 cal
KEY : 2
Sol :
From first law of thermodynamics, Q = U + W
Work done at constant pressure (W )P  (Q)P  U
(Q)P  (Q)V (As we know (Q)V  U )
Also (Q)P  mc P T and (Q)V  mc V T
 (W )P  m(c P  c V )T
 (W )P  1  (3. 4  10 3  2 .4  10 3 )  10  10 4 cal

11. In a thermodynamic process, pressure of a fixed mass of a gas is changed in such a manner that the gas
molecules gives out 30 J of heat and 10 J of work is done on the gas. If the initial internal energy of the
gas was 40 J, then the final internal energy will be
(1) 30 J (2) 20 J (3) 60 J (4) 40 J
 KEY : 2
Sol :
Q  U  W  (U f  U i )  W
 30  (U f  40)  10  U f  20 J

12. If the ratio of specific heat of a gas at constant pressure to that at constant volume is  , the change in
internal energy of a mass of a gas, when the volume changes from V to 2V at constant pressure p, is

(1) R /(  1) (2) pV (3) pV /(  1) (4) pV /(  1)

KEY : 3
Sol :
 R 
U  nCV T  n   T
  1 
PV P(2 V  V ) PV
 U   
(  1)  1 (  1)

13. When an ideal gas in a cylinder was compressed isothermally by a piston, the work done on the gas was
found to be 1. 5  10 4 joules . During this process about
(1) 3.6  10 3 cal of heat flowed out from the gas
(2) 3.6  10 3 cal of heat flowed into the gas
(3) 1. 5  10 4 cal of heat flowed into the gas
(4) 1. 5  10 4 cal of heat flowed out from the gas
KEY : 1
Sol :
In isothermal compression, there is always an increase of heat without change of temperature.
Q  U  W  Q  W ( U  0)

1.5 104
 Q  1.5 104 J  cal  3.6 103 cal
4.18

14. The latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2240 J/gm. If the work done in the process of expansion of 1
g is 168 J, then increase in internal energy is
(1) 2408 J (2) 2240 J (3) 2072 J (4) 1904 J
KEY : 3
Sol :
Q  U  W  U  Q  W  2240  168  2072 J .
15. One gm mol of a diatomic gas (  1 . 4 ) is compressed adiabatically so that its temperature rises from
27 o C to 127 o C . The work done will be
(1) 2077.5 joules (2) 207.5 joules (3) 207.5 ergs (4) None of the above
KEY : 1
Sol :
R
W (T1  T2 )
 1
8 . 31  {(273  27 )  (273  127 )}
  2077 . 5 joules
1.4  1
1
16. If   2 .5 and final volume is equal to times to the initial volume then final pressure P' is equal to
8
(Initial pressure = P)
(1) P '  P (2) P'  2 P (3) P '  P  (2)15 / 2 (4) P'  7 P
KEY : 3
Sol :

P2  V1  P'
    (8 )5 / 2  P '  P  (2)15 / 2
P1  V2 
 P
17. For a reversible process, necessary condition is
(1) In the whole cycle of the system, the loss of any type of heat energy should be zero
(2) That the process should be too fast
(3) That the process should be slow so that the working substance should remain in thermal
and mechanical equilibrium with the surroundings
(4) The loss of energy should be zero and it should be quasistatic
KEY : 4
Sol : For a reversible process  dQ  0
T
18. A Carnot's engine used first an ideal monoatomic gas then an ideal diatomic gas. If the source and sink
temperature are 411 o C and 69 o C respectively and the engine extracts 1000 J of heat in each cycle, then
area enclosed by the PV diagram is
(1) 100 J (2) 300 J (3) 500 J (4) 700 J
KEY : 3
Sol :
T2 (273  69 )
 1  1  0. 5
T1 (273  411)
 Work done    Q  0 .5  1000  500 J

19. The temperature of a hypothetical gas increases to 2 times when compressed adiabatically to half
the volume. Its equation can be written as
(1) PV 3 / 2 = constant (2) PV 5 / 2 = constant (3) PV 7 / 3 = constant (4) PV 4 / 3 = constant
KEY : 1
Sol :
TV   1 = constant
 1  1
T1  V2  1 1
   or   
T2  V1  2 2
1 3
   1  or    PV 3 / 2 = constant
2 2

20. Six moles of an ideal gas performs a cycle shown in figure. If the temperature are TA = 600 K, TB = 800
K, TC = 2200 K and TD = 1200 K, the work done per cycle is
P B C

A
D

(1) 20 kJ (2) 30 kJ (3) 40 kJ (4) 60 kJ

KEY : 3
Sol :
Processes A to B and C to D are parts of straight line graphs of the form y = mx
nR
Also P  T ( n = 6)
V
 P  T. So volume remains constant for the graphs AB and CD
P
P2 B TB =800 K TC = 2200 K
P2 C
VB
VC
TA =600 K
P1 TD =1200 K
A VA D
VD

T
So no work is done during processes for A to B and C to D i.e., WAB = WCD = 0 and WBC = P2(VC – VB) = nR
(TC – TB)
= 6R (2200 – 800) = 6R  1400 J
Also WDA = P1 (VA – VD) = nR(TA – TB)
 = 6R (600 – 1200)= – 6R  600 J
Hence work done in complete cycle
W = WAB + WBC + WCD + WDA
= 0 + 6R  1400 + 0 – 6R  600
= 6R  900 = 6  8.3  800  40 kJ

21. Heat energy absorbed by a system in going through a cyclic process shown in figure is
V (litre)
30

10

10 30 P (kPa)
7 4
1)10  J 2) 10  J 3) 102 J 4) 10 3 J
KEY : 3
Sol :
In a cyclic process, U = 0
2
 20 
From  Q = U + W = 0 + W = Area of closed curve  Q =  r2     kPa  litre
 2 
 100   10 3  10 3 J  100 J
22. When an ideal diatomic gas is heated at constant pressure, the fraction of the heat energy supplied
Which increases the internal energy of the gas is
1) 2/5 2) 3/5 3) 3/7 4) 5/7
KEY : 4
Sol :
Fraction of supplied energy which increases the internal energy is given by
U  Q V CV T 1
f    
 Q P  Q  P CP T 
7 5
For diatomic gas   f 
5 7
23. For one complete cycle of a thermodynamic process on a gas as shown in the P-V diagram, Which of
following is correct( ΔE int  change in internal energy, Q is net heat)
P
A

C B
V
1) E int  0, Q  O 2) E int  0, Q  0 3)  E int  0, Q  0 4)  E int  0, Q  0
KEY : 2
Sol :
E int  0 , for a complete cycle and for given cycle work done is positive, so from first
law of thermodynamics Q will be negative i.e. Q  0.

24. A vessel contains helium, which expands at constant pressure when 15 kJ of heat is supplied to it.
What will be the variation of the internal energy of the gas? What is the work performed in the
expansion?
1) 2 kJ, 12kJ 2) 6 kJ, 9kJ 3) 9kJ, 6 kJ 4) 8 kJ, 5Kj
KEY : 3
Sol :
Here Q  15000 J  given 
 Q  C p T
U  Cv T
W  RT

25. A gas is compressed from a volume of 2m3 to a volume of 1m3 at a constant pressure of 100 N/m2.
Then it is heated at constant volume by supplying 150 J of energy. As a result, the internal energy of
the gas:
1) Increases by 250 J 2) Decreases by 250 J 3) Increases by 50 J 4) Decreases by 50 J
KEY : 1
Sol :
As we know,
Q  u  w 1st law of thermodynamics 
 Q  u  Pv
150  u  100 1  2   u  100
u  150  100  250 J
Thus the internal energy of the gas increase by 250 J

26. In a cyclic process shown in the figure an ideal gas is adiabatically taken from B to A, the work done
on the gas during the process B  A is 30 J, when the gas is taken from A  B the heat absorbed by
the gas is 20 J. The change in internal energy of the gas in the process A → B is

1) 20 J 2) – 30 J 3) 50 J 4) – 10 J
KEY : 2
Sol :
WBA  30 J
QBA  0
U BA  WBA  30 J
Now U AB  U BA  30 J

27. Certain amount of an ideal gas is contained in a closed vessel. The vessel is moving with a constant
velocity v. The molecular mass of gas is M. The rise in temperature of the gas when the vessel is
suddenly stopped is    CP / CV 
 Mv 2    1 Mv2    1 Mv 2 Mv 2
1) 2) 3) 4)
2 R    1 2R 2 R    1 2 R    1
KEY : 2
Sol :
1 2
If m is the total mass of the gas, then its kinetic energy = mv
2
When the vessel is suddenly stopped, total kinetic energy will increase the
temperature of the gas (because process will be adiabatic), i.e.,
1 2
mv  nCV T
2
m
 CV T
M
m R 1
 T  mv 2
M  1 2
 R 
 As CV  
  1 
Mv 2    1
 T 
2R

c
28. If p and cv denote the specific heats of nitrogen per unit mass at constant pressure and constant
volume respectively, then
R R
1) c p  cV  2) c p  cV  3) c p  cV  R 4) c p  cV  28R
28 14
KEY : 1
Sol :
R R
Mayer formula c p  cV  
M 28

29. The relation between internal energy U, pressure P and volume V of a gas in an adiabatic process is
U  a  bPV . Where a and b are constants. What is the effective value of adiabatic constant  ?
a b 1 a 1 b
1) 2) 3) 4)
b b a a
KEY : 2
Sol :
For an adiabatic process
0  dU  PdV
d  a  bPV   PdV  0
bPdV  bVdP  pdV  0
dV dP
 b  1  b  0
V P
(b  1) log V  b log P  constant
V b 1 pb  constant
b 1
b
PV  constant
b 1
 
b
 8 5
30. An ideal gas at 27 0 C is compressed adiabatically to of its original volume. If   , then the rise
27 3
in temperature is
1) 450 K 2) 375 K 3) 225 K 4) 405 K
KEY : 2
 1
 1 V 
Sol : TV  constant  T2  T1  1 
 V2 
2
 27 1/3  3
2

 300     300    675 K

 8   2
 T  675  300  375 K

31. One mole of an ideal diatomic gas undergoes a transition from A to B along a path AB as shown in
the figure,

The change in internal energy of the gas during the transition is :

1) –20 kJ 2) 20 J 3) –12 kJ 4) 20 KJ
KEY : 1
Sol :

32. An ideal gas expands isothermally from a volume V1 to V 2 and then compressed to original volume
V1 adiabatically. Initial pressure is P1 and final pressure is P3 . The total work done is W. Then
C
P3

P1
A
P2 B

E(V1) D(V2) V

1) P3  P1 , W  0 2) P3  P1 , W  0 3) P3  P1 , W  0 4) P3  P1 , W  0
KEY : 3
Sol :
From graph it is clear that P3  P1 .
Since area under adiabatic process (BCED) is greater than that of isothermal
process (ABDE). Therefore net work done
W  Wi  (WA )  WA  Wi  W  0

33. P-V plots for two gases during adiabatic process are shown in the figure. Plots 1 and 2 should
correspond respectively to
 P

2
V
1) He and O 2 2) O 2 and He 3) He and Ar 4) O 2 and N 2
KEY : 2
Sol :
In adiabatic process, slope of PV-graph.
dP P
   |Slope|  
dV V
From the given graph (Slope)2 > (Slope)1   2   1
therefore 1 should correspond to O2 ( = 1.4) and 2 should correspond to He ( =
1.66)

34. A cyclic process ABCA is shown in the V-T diagram. Process on the P-V diagram is
V

C B

A
T
P C P
B

A
A C
B
1) V 2) V

P P
A
A B

C B
C
3) V 4) V

KEY : 3
Sol :
From the given VT diagram,
In process AB, V  T  Pressure is constant (As quantity of the gas remains
same)
In process BC, V = Constant and in process CA,
T = constant
 These processes are correctly represented on PV diagram by graph (3)

35. A gas expands with temperature according to the relation V  kT 2 / 3 . What is the work done when the
temperature changes by 30o C
1) 10 R 2) 20 R 3) 30 R 4) 40 R
KEY : 2
Sol :
RT
W  PdV   V
dV

2
Since V  kT 2 / 3  KT 1 / 3 dT dV 
3
Eliminating K, we find dV  2 dT
V 3 T
T2 2 RT 2 2
Hence W  
dT  R(T2  T1 )  R(30)  20 R
T1 3 T 3 3
36. A gas undergoes a change of state during which 100 J of heat is supplied to it and it does 20 J of
work. The system is brought back to its original state through a process during which 20 J of heat is
released by the gas. The work done by the gas in the second process is
1) 60 J 2) 40 J 3) 80 J 4) 20 J
KEY : 1
Sol :
In a cyclic process U  0  Q  W
 (100  20 )  20  W2  W2  60 J

37. Three samples of the same gas A, B and C    3 / 2  initially have equal volume. Now the volume
of each sample is doubled. The process is adiabatic for A, isobaricfor B and isothermal for C. If the
final pressures are equal for all the three samples, the ratio of their initial pressures is
1) 2 2 : 2 :1 2) 2 2 :1: 2 3) 2 :1: 2 4) 2 :1: 2
KEY : 2
Sol :
Let the initial pressure of the three samples be PA , PB and PC then
3/2 3/ 2 3/ 2
PA V    2V  P  PA  P  2 
For B, PB  P
PC V   P  2V   PC  2 P
3/2
 PA : PB : PC   2  :1: 2  2 2 :1: 2

38. For a gas undergoing an adiabatic process, the relation between temperature and volume is found to
be TV0.4=constant. This gas must be:
1) hydrogen 2) helium 3) carbon dioxide 4) argon
KEY : 1
Sol :
From the adiabatic relation
TV  1  constant
Here   1  0.4
Which gives  = 1.4, corresponds to diatomic gas

39. During an adiabatic process, the pressure of a gas is found to be proportional to the cube of absolute
C
temperature. The ratio p for the gas is
Cv
1) 4/3 2) 2 3) 5/3 4) 3/2
KEY : 4
Sol :
Given, that p  T 3
pT 3  constant ….. (i)
Also for adiabatic process, pV   constant
But pV = RT (ideal gas law)
RT
V 
p

 RT 
 p   constant
 p 
p1 T   constant

1
pT  constant …… (ii)
 Equating Eq. (i) and (ii), we get

 3
1 
  3  3
2  3
3
 
2
Cp 3

Cv 2

40. A resistance ‘R’ connected to an external battery is put inside an adiabatic cylinder containing an
ideal gas as shown. The piston can move along cylinder length without friction and atmospheric
pressure is P0 . The constant speed ‘v’ by which piston of area of cross-section A should be moved
 02
so that temperature of gas do not change is [ Power radiated through resistor is R ]

2 20 8 02  20 20
1) 2)  3) 4)
3P0AR 5 P0AR 2P0AR P0AR
KEY : 4
Sol :
dQ  dU  dW
dQ dU dW
 
dt dt dt
PA

PA

du
Temperature do not change. Hence 0
dt
dQ dw
 
dt dt
Thus,
2
 0  P0A.(v)
R
 02 
v 
 P0 AR 

41. In the P-V diagram shown in figure ABC is a semicircle. The work done in the process ABC is
  
1) zero 2) atm  L 3)  atm  L 4) 4 atm  L
2 2
KEY : 2
Sol :
WAB is negative (volume is decreasing) and WBc is positive (volume is increasing)
and since, WBC > WAB
 r1r2 
Net work done is positive and area between semicircle which is equal to  
2 2
atm-L.
42. A carnot engine takes 2000J of heat from a reservoir at 500K, dose some work, & discards some heat
to a reservoir at 350K. How much work does it do& what is the efficiency?

1) 1400J, 30% 2) 600J, 20% 3) 1400J, 20% 4) 600J, 30%

KEY : 4
Sol :
From equation for carnot engine Q C /Q H  TC /TH
 Q C  1400J
 w  Q H  Q C  600J
  W /Q H   600 / 2000   100%  30%

43. Two Carnot engines A and B are operated in series. The first one, A receives heat at T1 (=600 K) and
rejects to a reservoir at temperature T2 . The second engine B receives heat rejected by the first engine
and in turn rejects to a heat reservoir at T3 ( = 400 K). Calculate the temperature T2 if the work outputs
of the two engines are equal.
1) 600 K 2) 500 K 3) 400 K 4) 300 K
KEY : 2
Sol :
Q1  Q2  Q2  Q3
Q1  Q3  2Q2
Q1 Q3
 2
Q2 Q2
44. A Carnot freezer takes heat from water at 0°C inside it and rejects it to the room at a temperature
of 27°C. The latent heat of ice is 336 103 J kg–1. If 5 kg of water at 0°C is converted into ice at 0°C
by the freezer, then the energy consumed by the freezer is close to:
1) 1.51 105 J 2) 1.68  106 J 3) 1.71 107 J 4) 1.67  105 J
KEY : 4
Sol :
H  mL  5  336 103  Qsink
Qsink T
 sink
Qsource Tsource
Tsource
 Qsource   Qsink
Tsink
Energy consumed by freezer
Woutout  Qsource  Qsink
T 
 Qsink  source  1
 Tsink 
0
Given : Tsource  27 C  273  300K ,
Tsink  00 C  273  273K
 300 
Woutput  5  336 103   1  1.67 105 J
 273 

45. An engine operates by taking n moles of an ideal gas through the cycle ABCDA shown in figure. The
thermal efficiency of the engine is: (Take CV =1.5 R, where R is gas constant)

1) 0.24 2) 0.15 3) 0.32 4) 0.08

KEY : 2
Sol :
Work done (W) = P0V0
According to principle of calorimetry
Heat given = QAB  QBC  nCV dTAB  nC P dTBC
3 5
  nRTB  nRTA    nRTC  nRTB 
2 2
3 5
  2 PV 0 0
0 0  PV  4PV 0 0
0 0  2 PV
2 2
13
 PV 0 0
2
Thermal efficiency of engine
W 2
( ) =   0.15
Qgiven 13