1 Load Combinations
This section presents relevant load factors & combinations for ultimate limit state (ULS) and serviceability limit state (SLS) design. The load factors
are in accordance with IRC:6-2017.
1.1 ULS Load Combinations
Load Factors for ULS Load Combinations
Ultimate Limit State Ultimate Limit State
Load Case Load Description
Basic Seismic
G (Adding) Dead load of steel + 1.35 1.35
G (Relieving) concrete, SIDL Railing 1 1
Gwc (Adding) Surfacing (Wearing 1.75 1.75
Gwc (Relieving) coat) 1 1
LL (Leading) Carriageway Live 1.5 -
LL (Accompanying) Load + Footway Live 1.15 0.2
T (Leading) 1.5 -
Thermal Loads
T (Accompanying) 0.9 0.5
WL (Leading) Wind Load during 1.5 -
WL (Accompanying) Service 0.9 -
Seismic Service - 1.5
Seismic Construction - 0.75
ULS Load Combinations
Case G Gwc LL T WL (LL) WL(NoLL)
ULS-B-1a 1.35 1.75 1.5 0.9 0.9 0
ULS-B-1b 1 1 1.5 0.9 0.9 0
ULS-B-1c 1.35 1.75 1.15 1.5 0.9 0
ULS-B-1d 1 1 1.15 1.5 0.9 0
ULS-B-1e 1.35 1.75 1.15 0.9 1.5 0
ULS-B-1f 1 1 1.15 0.9 1.5 0
ULS-B-1g 1.35 1.75 0 0.9 0 1.5
Load Combinations for ULS
Title ULS Load Combinations Remarks
ULS-B-1a 1.35G + 1.75Gwc + 1.5LL + 0.9T + 0.9WL Adding G,Gwc + Leading LL + Accompanying T,WL
ULS-B-1b 1.0G + 1.0Gwc + 1.5LL + 0.9T + 0.9WL Relieving G,Gwc + Leading LL + Accompanying T,WL
ULS-B-1c 1.35G + 1.75Gwc + 1.15LL + 1.5T + 0.9WL Adding G,Gwc + Leading T + Accompanying LL,WL
ULS-B-1d 1.0G + 1.0Gwc + 1.15LL + 1.5T + 0.9WL Relieving G,Gwc + Leading T + Accompanying LL,WL
ULS-B-1e 1.35G + 1.75Gwc + 1.15LL + 0.9T + 1.5WL Adding G,Gwc + Leading WL + Accompanying LL,T
ULS-B-1f 1.0G + 1.0Gwc + 1.15LL + 0.9T + 1.5WL Relieving G,Gwc + Leading WL + Accompanying LL,T
ULS-B-1g 1.35G + 1.75Gwc+ 0.9T + 1.5WL (Extreme) Adding G,Gwc + Leading WL (extreme) + Accompanying T + No Live Load
ULS-S-1a 1.35G + 1.75Gwc + 0.2LL + 0.5T + 1.5 EQ Adding G,Gwc +Accompanying LL + Accompanying T +Leading Seismic (Service)
ULS-S-1b 1.0G + 1.0Gwc + 0.2LL + 0.5T +1.5 EQ Relieving G,Gwc +Accompanying LL + Accompanying T +Leading Seismic (Service)
1.2 SLS Load Combinations
Load Factors for SLS Load Combinations
Serviceability Limit State
Load Case Load Description
Rare Frequent Quasi-perm.
G DW + SIDL Railing 1 1 1
Gwc (Adding) Surfacing (Wearing 1.2 1.2 1.2
Gwc (Relieving) coat) 1 1 1
LL (Leading) Carriageway Live 1 0.75 -
LL (Accompanying) Load + Footway Live 0.75 0.2 0
T (Leading) 1 0.6 -
Thermal Loads
T (Accompanying) 0.6 0.5 0.5
WL (Leading) Wind Load during 1 0.6 -
WL (Accompanying) Service 0.6 0.5 0
S Shrinkage & Creep 1 1 1
The rare combination of loads shall be used for checking the stress limit
The frequent combination of loads shall be used for checking the deflection, vibration and crack width.
The quasi-permanent combination of loads shall be used for checking the settlement, shrinkage creep effects and the permanent stress in
concrete.
Case G Gwc LL T WL (LL) S WL (NoLL)
SLS-R-1a 1 1.2 1 0.6 0.6 1 0
SLS-R-1b 1 1 1 0.6 0.6 1 0
SLS-R-1c 1 1.2 0.75 1 0.6 1 0
SLS-R-1d 1 1 0.75 1 0.6 1 0
SLS-R-1e 1 1.2 0.75 0.6 1 1 0
SLS-R-1f 1 1 0.75 0.6 1 1 0
SLS-R-1g 1 1.2 0 0.6 0 1 1
SLS-F-1a 1 1.2 0.75 0.5 0.5 1 0
SLS-F-1b 1 1 0.75 0.5 0.5 1 0
SLS-F-1c 1 1.2 0.2 0.6 0.5 1 0
SLS-F-1d 1 1 0.2 0.6 0.5 1 0
SLS-F-1e 1 1.2 0.2 0.5 0.6 1 0
SLS-F-1f 1 1 0.2 0.5 0.6 1 0
SLS-F-1g 1 1.2 0 0.5 0 1 0.6
SLS-Q-1a 1 1.2 0 0.5 0 1 0
SLS-Q-1b 1 1.2 0 0.5 0 1 0
Load Combinations for SLS
Title SLS Load Combinations Remarks
SLS-R-1a 1.0G + 1.2Gwc + 1.0LL + 0.6T + 0.6WL + S G + Adding Gwc + Leading LL + Accompanying T,WL + S
SLS-R-1b 1.0G + 1.0Gwc + 1.0LL + 0.6T + 0.6WL + S G + Relieving Gwc + Leading LL + Accompanying T,WL + S
SLS-R-1c 1.0G + 1.2Gwc + 0.75LL + 1.0T + 0.6WL + S G + Adding Gwc + Leading T + Accompanying LL,WL + S
SLS-R-1d 1.0G + 1.0Gwc + 0.75LL + 1.0T + 0.6WL + S G + Relieving Gwc + Leading T + Accompanying LL,WL + S
SLS-R-1e 1.0G + 1.2Gwc + 0.75LL + 0.6T + 1.0WL + S G + Adding Gwc + Leading WL + Accompanying LL,T + S
SLS-R-1f 1.0G + 1.0Gwc + 0.75LL + 0.6T + 1.0WL + S G + Relieving Gwc + Leading WL + Accompanying LL,T + S
SLS-R-1g 1.0G + 1.2Gwc + 0.6T + 1.0WL (Extreme) + S G + Adding Gwc + Leading WL (Extreme) + Accompanying T + S + No Live Load
SLS-F-1a 1.0G + 1.2Gwc + 0.75LL + 0.5T + 0.5WL + S G + Adding Gwc + Leading LL + Accompanying T,WL + S
SLS-F-1b 1.0G + 1.0Gwc + 0.75LL + 0.5T + 0.5WL + S G + Relieving Gwc + Leading LL + Accompanying T,WL + S
SLS-F-1c 1.0G + 1.2Gwc + 0.20LL + 0.6T + 0.5WL + S G + Adding Gwc + Leading T + Accompanying LL,WL + S
SLS-F-1d 1.0G + 1.0Gwc + 0.20LL + 0.6T + 0.5WL + S G + Relieving Gwc + Leading T + Accompanying LL,WL + S
SLS-F-1e 1.0G + 1.2Gwc + 0.20LL + 0.5T + 0.6WL + S G + Adding Gwc + Leading WL + Accompanying LL,T + S
SLS-F-1f 1.0G + 1.0Gwc + 0.20LL + 0.5T + 0.6WL + S G + Relieving Gwc + Leading WL + Accompanying LL,T + S
SLS-F-1g 1.0G + 1.2Gwc + 0.5T + 0.6WL (Extreme) + S G + Relieving Gwc + Leading WL (Extreme) + Accompanying T + S + No Live Load
SLS-Q-1a 1.0G + 1.2Gwc + 0.5T + S G + Adding Gwc + Accompanying T + S
SLS-Q-1b 1.0G + 1.0Gwc + 0.5T + S G + Relieving Gwc + Accompanying T + S
