Writing a literature review can be a daunting task for many students and researchers.

It requires
extensive research, critical analysis, and effective synthesis of existing literature on a particular topic.
The literature review is a crucial component of academic writing, as it provides the context and
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and identifies gaps or areas for further investigation.

One of the main challenges of writing a literature review is the sheer volume of existing literature on
most topics. Sorting through numerous articles, books, and other sources to identify relevant
information can be time-consuming and overwhelming. Additionally, synthesizing the information
from various sources in a coherent and logical manner can be difficult, especially for those who are
new to academic writing or unfamiliar with the conventions of literature reviews.

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planning and organization. It's essential to strike a balance between including enough relevant
sources to support your argument and avoiding unnecessary repetition or tangential information.

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Create a matrix of the studies for easy analysis, and synthesis, across all of the studies. After the
literature review is complete, you should incorporate it into your research paper (if you are writing
the review as one component of a larger paper). In this scenario, the Results are your puzzle pieces.
It will also help them to choose the most appropriate method for their own study. 4. How to cite a
literature review in APA format. The sections of a report can be easily categorized into three major
groups—front matter, the report’s body, and back matter. Communications of the Association for
Information Systems. 2005; 16:1. Kirkevold M. Integrative nursing research — an important strategy
to further the development of nursing science and nursing practice. Headings are the titles and
subtitles you see within the actual text of professional scientific, technical, and business writing.
Literature reviews are set up similarly to other academic texts, with an introduction, a main body,
and a conclusion. In some report designs, the descriptive abstract is placed at the bottom of the title
page. Keep your own voice While the literature review presents others’ ideas, your voice (the
writer’s) should remain front and center. For scholars, the depth and breadth of the literature review
emphasizes the credibility of the writer in his or her field. Nova has a passion for writing that
engages and informs her readers. Avoid making uncited or overly generalized claims. If you feel a
generalization is warranted, you must follow it up with multiple, specific examples to justify such
generalization. Do you know how to develop your research design and methodology? 4. Conclusions
may be listed and numbered, and it should be made clear how they contribute to the understanding
of the overall problem. Also, note any issues you feel arise due to the methodology. The Results will
be directly related to your Method. However, it is also where you get to learn about the topic in great
detail. Are you ready to write the overview for your study. International journal of clinical practice,
69 (11), 1257-1267. Opening a sentence with a word such as “Specifically” tells the reader that you
are about to elaborate, while a transition such as “Clearly” implies writer contemplation. This keeps
the TOC from becoming long and unwieldy. Try to analyze the patterns, turning points, and key
debates that have shaped the direction of the field. In the present context, the notion of rigour refers
to the reliability and validity of the review process described in section 9.2. For one thing, reliability
is related to the reproducibility of the review process and steps, which is facilitated by a
comprehensive documentation of the literature search process, extraction, coding and analysis
performed in the review. It is an excellent repository where you can find millions of only peer-
reviewed articles and full-text PDF files. Are you searching Sample Literature Review examples. If
you are using a direct quote in your literature review, you need to add the page number as well.
Integrative review It is a type of literature review focused on building a comprehensive
understanding of a topic by combining available theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence. All
in all, 130 articles met the criteria and their data were extracted manually into a database. Include an
objective topical sentence that introduces your readers to the purpose of that paragraph.
For each publication, ask yourself: What question or problem is the author addressing. Hamilton
(1988) asked students to complete sentences that required them to fill in pronouns that agreed with
gender-neutral antecedents such as “writer,” “pedestrian,” and “persons.” The students were asked to
describe any image they had when writing the sentence. Use caution when paraphrasing When
paraphrasing a source that is not your own, be sure to represent the author’s information or opinions
accurately and in your own words. Embed Host your publication on your website or blog with just a
few clicks. Introduction OK. You’ve got to write a literature review. It contains information about
the report that does not belong in the report itself, and could be viewed as a form of
metadiscourse—a self-referential document that refers back to the main document to provide
context. If you are using a direct quote in your literature review, you need to add the page number as
well. If there are conflicting studies, why do you think that is. Strong professional language and
vocabulary should be used. This exercise requires a significant investment on the part of researchers,
who must ensure enhanced objectivity and avoid biases or mistakes. You’ll invariably end up
wasting huge amounts of time re-writing and re-shaping, or you’ll just land up with a disjointed,
hard-to-digest mess. Findings revealed that there were over 77,000 medical informatics articles
published during the covered period in numerous journals and that the average annual growth rate
was 12%. These are only some examples of what a report can do. It helps in topic refining,
refocusing, and changing the ongoing discussions. Remember that you can use our template to
summarise and evaluate sources you’re thinking about using. The format of a literature review varies
and depends upon the length of the research. So not wanting to bother on the minutae. Thank you.
You’re most welcome, Renee. You can also evaluate a computerized grading system in a review of
related literature to single out its advantages and barriers to implementation. How to write review of
related literature in research. It is useful when emphasizing the methodologies used by researchers
and their implications for the findings. If this is for a course, check with your instructor; if it is for a
work place, check with your supervisor. But all the same I’ll make use of this opportunity to the
fullest. You should look over your notes (it may also be helpful to reorganize them), and as you do,
to think about how you will present this research in your literature review. For scholars, the depth
and breadth of the literature review emphasizes the credibility of the writer in his or her field. It
should be a fair representation of the perspectives and voices of a range of scholars across the field.
This landscape informs the reader that the author has indeed assimilated all (or the vast majority of)
previous, significant works in the field into her or his research. Communications of the Association
for Information Systems. 2005; 16:1. Kirkevold M. Integrative nursing research — an important
strategy to further the development of nursing science and nursing practice. In most cases you're
seeking to identify the key authors and key arguments that are relevant to your topic, not to
exhaustively read everything written on the subject. GIFs Highlight your latest work via email or
social media with custom GIFs. Note that, generally, the search engine capabilities of these databases
are poor, so make sure you search for the exact article name, or you might not find it.
But, writing literature reviews is a difficult task. Does the research use established frameworks or
take an innovative approach. Benefits of Literature Reviews By summarizing prior research on a
topic, literature reviews have multiple benefits. Two authors independently screened titles and
abstracts to determine inclusion status. Just as successful people thrive by blending their formal
education and experience with critical self-assessment, you can use your report to review what you
have learned, detail what you have accomplished, and gauge your personal growth. The search was
performed using several terms and free text words, combining them in an appropriate manner. When
you find a useful book or article, you can check the bibliography to find other relevant sources. As
mentioned above, writing your literature review is a process, which I’ll break down into three steps:
Finding the most suitable literature Understanding, distilling and organising the literature Planning
and writing up your literature review chapter Importantly, you must complete steps one and two
before you start writing up your chapter. The choice depends on the type of document, the purpose,
and the audience. Try SciSpace Copilot Search research papers Add Copilot Extension Try AI
Detector Try Paraphraser Try Citation Generator April Papers June Papers July Papers How To Write
A Literature Review - A Complete Guide Table of Contents A literature review is much more than
just another section in your research paper. There are a number of different situations where you
might write a literature review, each with slightly different expectations; different disciplines, too,
have field-specific expectations for what a literature review is and does. The Conclusion should
provide the exact conclusions you have arrived at as they relate to your experimental objectives.
Literature review The Literature Review as a Section: Literature reviews can be used as part of
dissertations, theses, research reports, and scholarly journal articles. The literature review
acknowledges the work of previous researchers, and in so doing, assures the reader that your work
has been well conceived. Organizing the body Once you have the basic categories in place, then you
must consider how you will present the sources themselves within the body of your paper. Nova has
a passion for writing that engages and informs her readers. Look to open access publications and
conferences to reflect a more inclusive collection. Once you’ve decided on the organizational method
for the body of the review, the sections you need to include in the paper should be easy to figure
out. The format of a literature review varies and depends upon the length of the research. What other
sections you include in the body is up to you. A research paper assigned in a course A thesis or
dissertation A grant proposal An article intended for publication in a journal All these instances
require you to collect what has been written about your research topic so that you can demonstrate
how your own research sheds new light on the topic. While we try to offer these once per academic
year, we find providing the recording to be helpful to community members who have missed the
session. Second, choose how you will order all the paragraphs and combine them in one document.
You must prepare a list of keywords and their different variations. Examples of stylistic variations in
literature reviews include: Summarization of prior work vs. You must be certain that your employer
will allow the content of your report to become public, and the employer’s review of your report is
standard practice—just as a project manager reviews and endorses the written work of his or her
team members. Another good idea is to review related literature and studies about teenage
pregnancy. Step 5: Begin The Writing Process Upon gathering and organizing sources, begin the
writing phase: Introduction: Begin by stating your research question and explaining why your review
is important. Have you included and addressed the question that this literature review tries to
answer. A literature review is a critical analysis of existing literature in a research field.
You can highlight the impact of cyberbullying on undergraduate students’ academic, social, and
emotional development. ?? Look at the examples that we have prepared for you to come up with
some more ideas: Mindfulness in Counseling: A Literature Review. The Results will be directly
related to your Method. The executive will read the report and understand the profits and losses, but
will need to consult a technician to understand the technical aspects of panel usage. Whenever
practical, provide a follow-up comment, too. The focus of a literature review, however, is to
summarize and synthesize the arguments and ideas of others without adding new contributions. The
data may be used in order for others to make decisions, such as managers or other departments
within a company. The TOC shows readers what topics are covered in the report, how those topics
are discussed (the subtopics), and on which page numbers those sections and subsections start.
Critical Analysis Don't just summarize, but critically evaluate each source. Some databases to search
for journals and articles include: Your university’s library catalogue Google Scholar Project Muse
(humanities and social sciences) Medline (life sciences and biomedicine) EconLit (economics) Inspec
(physics, engineering and computer science) You can use boolean operators to help narrow down
your search: Read the abstract to find out whether an article is relevant to your question. Are you
going to use a chronological or other type of organizational structure. It is easy to be biased if you
stick to top tier journals. An abstract will generally contain the following information. Analysis:
Involves critically evaluating and summarizing key findings, methodologies, and debates found in.
To this end, they provide a number of recommendations to strengthen knowledge development
towards improving the design and execution of future reviews on home telemonitoring. 9.4.
Summary Table 9.1 outlines the main types of literature reviews that were described in the previous
sub-sections and summarizes the main characteristics that distinguish one review type from another.
Unlike other review types, critical reviews attempt to take a reflective account of the research that
has been done in a particular area of interest, and assess its credibility by using appraisal instruments
or critical interpretive methods. Write a clear opening paragraph reminding your recipient of the
project you are working on and that you are providing progress on that project. Offers
Methodological Guidance: Helps choose appropriate research methods for quality outcomes. This
can be especially helpful for students or scholars getting into a new research area, or for directing an
entire community of scholars toward questions that have not yet been answered. I am doing two
papers on my final year thesis, and I must stay I feel very confident to face both headlong after
reading this article. To accomplish this, you must discover and identify the relations and connections
between various resources while drafting your abstract. Since I have been watching and reading
instructions, I have started my research proposal to write. Be selective Select only the most
important points in each source to highlight in the review. Literature reviews can be presented in
multiple ways: a section of an article, the whole research paper itself, or a chapter of your thesis. Its
purpose is to show the current state of research on the issue and highlight gaps in existing
knowledge. For short reports, summaries can seem absurd—the reader thinks “You’ve just told me
that!” Summaries need to read as if time has passed, things have settled down, and the writer is
viewing the subject from higher ground. Utilizes Evidence: Enhances credibility by citing expert
findings and theories. If your lit. review is part of a larger research proposal or project, you can
combine its introductory paragraph with the introduction of your paper. The reference list should be
included at the end of your literature review. As a result, nowadays, teenagers and adults cannot flee
their bullies, which makes them feel lonely and helpless. They generally discuss what has been done
before and how the research being introduced in this document fills a gap in the field's knowledge
and why it is an important.
Cite this Article in your Essay (APA Style) Drew, C. (May 15, 2023). 15 Literature Review
Examples. After the introduction, it grounds your research in a scholarly field and leads directly to
your theoretical framework or methodology. Under this method, you would combine the recent
studies on American whaling in the 19th century with Moby Dick itself in the 1800-1899 category,
even though the authors wrote a century apart. For each publication, ask yourself: What question or
problem is the author addressing. The Literature Review as a Section: Literature reviews can be used
as part of dissertations, theses, research reports, and scholarly journal articles. For example, in
technical fields, single spacing is often preferred, while some classroom instructors may prefer
another size. Long story short, this chapter is a pretty big deal, which is why you want to make sure
you get it right. Nova has also worked as a technical and scientific writer. If you have the
opportunity, discuss your topic with your professor and your class mates. 2. Decide on the scope of
your review How many studies do you need to look at. Adapted from Creswell, J. W. (1994).
Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative. Now’s the time to try to improve the linkage from
each section to the next, tighten up the writing to be more concise, trim down word count and sand it
down into a more digestible read. References A review of related literature (RRL) is a part of the
research report that examines significant studies, theories, and concepts published in scholarly
sources on a particular topic. Which points do the researchers agree (and disagree) on. The appendix
is commonly used for large tables of data, interview transcripts, large chunks of sample code, fold-
out maps, background that is too basic or too advanced for the main text, or large illustrations that do
not fit in the body of the report. This literature review section provides a perfect space to summarize,
evaluate, and compare original studies. You may not necessarily include all the data you found on the
topic, but you must include all relevant data. Knowledge gaps: What exactly does it fail to address,
and how to bridge them with further research. Display data that is relevant to your topic and goals,
interesting or surprising, or complex data that can be clarified by a visual. Ensure you have included
all content necessary, and revise and edit to ensure clarity and correct style of the audience.
Methodological If you draw your sources from different disciplines or fields that use a variety of
research methods, you might want to compare the results and conclusions that emerge from different
approaches. As well, if the project is not going smoothly, the progress has halted, or the project is not
likely to be completed on deadline, the progress report can give you a chance to discuss problems in
the project and thus to forewarn recipients. Now what is the most effective way of presenting the
information. Chronological The simplest approach is to trace the development of the topic over time.
Talk about the main points, give your thoughts, and point out any gaps in what's already known.
Scandinavian Journal of Management, 31(3), 387-408. The authors here recapitulate important
features of Hamilton’s study, but then synthesize it by rephrasing the study’s significance and relating
it to their own work. It is a formal piece of writing where you analyze the existing theoretical
framework, principles, and assumptions and use that as a base to shape your approach to the research
question. A review is a required part of grant and research proposals and often a chapter in theses and
dissertations. You can combine the two lists under the heading, “List of Figures and Tables.”.
Sometimes, though, you might need to add additional sections that are necessary for your study, but
do not fit in the organizational strategy of the body.
You can use a subheading for each theme, time period, or methodological approach. What has the
literature revealed? (not what do you seek to discuss). Make a list of keywords Start by creating a
list of keywords related to your research question. It is especially important for you to write reports in
a fashion acceptable for your audience and topic, where they can easily locate the desired
information. Don’t be afraid to do more research if you discover a new thread as you’re writing. The
advantage of a required structure and format for reports is that you or anyone else can expect them to
be designed in a familiar way—you know what to look for and where to look for it. She is majorly
involved in developing and reviewing online content plans that engage and resonate with audiences.
Review the literature Some questions to help you analyze the research: What was the research
question of the study you are reviewing. But how is a literature review different from an academic
research paper. In the act of research and writing the literature review, the writer gains expertise on
the topic. We hope this guide has helped you answer several key questions you have about writing
literature reviews. You should focus on peer-reviewed, scholarly articles. So, all university and
college students can use our sample literature reviews for reference. With my undergraduate research
students (who tend to conduct small-scale qualitative studies ), I encourage them to conduct a
narrative literature review whereby they can identify key themes in the literature. Summarize and
synthesize Remember to summarize and synthesize your sources within each paragraph as well as
throughout the review. You can do this using Google Scholar, your university database, the
snowballing technique and by reviewing other dissertations and theses. Victoria (BC): University of
Victoria; 2017 Feb 27. Step 4: Create An Outline In this crucial step, determine the organizational
structure of your review, which will serve as the foundation for your written work. Then tighten it up
and submit it to your supervisor. Further, you should see these questions as starting points that will
lead you to other related questions of your own design. The TOC shows readers what topics are
covered in the report, how those topics are discussed (the subtopics), and on which page numbers
those sections and subsections start. For example, you might want to add another paragraph, listing
questions you would like readers to consider as they review the report. Students should always
cross-check any information on this site with their course teacher. For example, based on simple
physics calculations, doubled carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere can lead to a global
temperature increase of approximately 1 degree Celsius. (Elderfield, 2022). In order to determine the
human influence on climate, scientists still have to analyze a lot of natural changes that affect
temperature, precipitation, and other components of climate on timeframes ranging from days to
decades and beyond. Offers Methodological Guidance: Helps choose appropriate research methods
for quality outcomes. This literature review provides a thorough summary of research on climate
change, focusing on climate change fingerprints and evidence of human influence on the Earth's
climate system. References A review of related literature (RRL) is a part of the research report that
examines significant studies, theories, and concepts published in scholarly sources on a particular
topic. They provide detailed and very helpful instructions on how to conduct each step of the review
process. These studies were identified through a formal and systematic search in four databases
between 2003 and 2013. She is majorly involved in developing and reviewing online content plans
that engage and resonate with audiences.
Remember that you can use our template to summarise and evaluate sources you’re thinking about
using. Spending a lot of time revising is a wise idea, because your main objective is to present the
material, not the argument. The literature review surveys scholarly articles, books, and other
scholarly sources relevant to a particular area of research. They highlight important content so that
your supervisor or other researchers can determine whether the report is relevant to their interests and
needs. For you to identify the gap(s) in the literature and then use this as justification for your own
research topic. There may be future developments that could make your work less relevant. This is
mind blowing, the detailed explanation and simplicity is perfect. It should give a theoretical base for
the research and help you (the author) determine the nature of your research. To this end, they
conducted a comprehensive search on multiple databases using highly sensitive search strategies
without language or publication-type restrictions to identify all rct s that are eligible for inclusion. In
short you are smart enough in coaching research work. Introduction 2. Definitions Associated with
XXX (optional section) 3. Are you ready to write the overview for your study? 8. The executive will
read the report and understand the profits and losses, but will need to consult a technician to
understand the technical aspects of panel usage. Searching the extant literature: The next step
consists of searching the literature and making decisions about the suitability of material to be
considered in the review ( Cooper, 1988 ). Hamilton (1988) asked students to complete sentences
that required them to fill in pronouns that agreed with gender-neutral antecedents such as “writer,”
“pedestrian,” and “persons.” The students were asked to describe any image they had when writing
the sentence. In writing the literature review, your purpose is to convey to your reader what
knowledge and ideas have been established on a topic, and what their strengths and weaknesses are.
The purpose of this descriptive or mapping review was to characterize publication trends in the
medical informatics literature over a 20-year period (1987 to 2006). There's just so much out there,
and it's easy to feel lost. Thank you for this whole literature writing review.You have simplified the
process. If you have found some recurring central themes, you can organise your literature review
into subsections that address different aspects of the topic. Use quotes sparingly Falk and Mills do
not use any direct quotes. Methodological Approach This approach centers on the research methods
employed in various studies related to your topic. A conclusion does not necessarily just summarize a
report. Umbrella reviews generally adhere to the same principles and rigorous methodological
guidelines used in systematic reviews. It is beneficial when examining how different theories
contribute to the understanding of a phenomenon. Depending on the length of your literature review,
you can combine several of these strategies (for example, your overall structure might be thematic,
but each theme is discussed chronologically). If you are writing the literature review section of a
dissertation or research paper, you will search for literature related to your research problem and
questions. If the literature review is part of your dissertation or thesis, reiterate how your research
addresses gaps and contributes new knowledge, or discuss how you have drawn on existing theories
and methods to build a framework for your research. Writing literature reviews can be quite
challenging. Cite this Scribbr article If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the
citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free
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