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Cubic Functions Revision Booklet Solutions

The document provides information and activities related to differential calculus and cubic functions. It includes: - Details on finding the roots, turning points, and points of inflection of cubic functions. - Examples of solving related problems involving finding derivatives of cubic functions, sketching graphs, and determining maxima and minima. - A series of 10 activities that involve applying concepts like finding derivatives, solving equations related to cubic functions, determining critical points and points of inflection, and sketching graphs.

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lesedimaruping98
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167 views

Cubic Functions Revision Booklet Solutions

The document provides information and activities related to differential calculus and cubic functions. It includes: - Details on finding the roots, turning points, and points of inflection of cubic functions. - Examples of solving related problems involving finding derivatives of cubic functions, sketching graphs, and determining maxima and minima. - A series of 10 activities that involve applying concepts like finding derivatives, solving equations related to cubic functions, determining critical points and points of inflection, and sketching graphs.

Uploaded by

lesedimaruping98
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grade 12

Mathematics

Maths and Science Infinity

CAPS Syllabus
Differential Calculus
Cubic Functions
Solutions
074 772 9926
Thulani Mjikwa

Senior Facilitator & Strategic Interventionist


Activity 1
1.1 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 12
𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 12 = 0
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6) = 0
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3) = 0
(2; 0) and (−3; 0)

1.2 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 8


3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 8 = 0
(3𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
4
𝑥 = − 3 and 𝑥 = 2
𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 (−1,33; −18,52) and 𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 (2; 0)

1.3

1.4 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = −6𝑥 + 2


−6𝑥 + 2 = 0
1
𝑥=
3
𝑃𝑂𝐼(0,33; −9,26)

1.5 𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 (−1,33; −21,52) and 𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 (2; −3)

2
Activity 2
2.1 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 2 − 27)
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 27𝑥
𝑦 ′ = 3𝑥 2 − 27
3𝑥 2 − 27 = 0
𝑥2 = 9
𝑥 = ±3
𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 (−3; 54) and 𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 (3; −54)

2.2 𝑦 = 4 + 12𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 3
𝑦 ′ = −6𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 12
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 12 = 0
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 (−2; −16) and 𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 (1; 11)

2.3 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 𝑛


𝑓(2) = 𝑚(2)3 − 3(2)2 − 12(2) + 𝑛
−3 = 8𝑚 − 12 − 24 + 𝑛
8𝑚 + 𝑛 = 33 ……………………………..(1)

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑚𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 12
0 = 3𝑚(2)2 − 6(2) − 12
0 = 12𝑚 − 24
𝑚=2
8(2) + 𝑛 = 33
𝑛 = 17

3
Activity 3
3.1 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡(0,36)

3.2 (−2; 0) , (3; 0) and (6; 0)

3.3 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 6)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2)


𝑦 = (𝑥 − 6)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6)
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 36

𝑦 ′ = 3𝑥 2 − 14𝑥
𝑥(3𝑥 − 14) = 0
𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 (0; 36) and 𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 (4,67; −27,52)

3.4

4
Activity 4
4.1.1 𝑥 = −3 and 𝑥=1

4.1.2 𝑥 < −3 and 𝑥>1

4.1.3

4.2 𝑓(3) − 𝑓(−1)


𝑚𝑎𝑣𝑟 =
3+1
5+3
𝑚𝑎𝑣𝑟 =
3+1
𝑚𝑎𝑣𝑟 =2

5
Activity 5
5.1 ℎ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 14

5.2 3𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 14 = 0
−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
−(−14) ± √(−14)2 − 4(3)(14)
𝑥=
2(3)
𝑥 = 3,22 or 𝑥 = 1,45

5.3 ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 − 8


ℎ(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 8)
ℎ(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 2)
∴ 𝐶(4; 0)

5.4 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = 6𝑥 − 14
7
𝑥=
3
7
𝑘=
3

Activity 6
6.1 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −6𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
0 = −6(2)2 + 2𝑎(2) + 𝑏 (2; −9)
4𝑎 + 𝑏 = 24 ……………………………..(1)

0 = −6(5)2 + 2𝑎(5) + 𝑏 (5; 18)


10𝑎 + 𝑏 = 150 ……………………………..(2)
(2) − (1):
6𝑎 = 126
𝑎 = 21
Substitute 𝑎 into (1):
4(21) + 𝑏 = 24
𝑏 = −60
−9 = −2(2)3 + 21(2)2 − 60(2) + 𝑐
𝑐 = 43
6.2 𝑥 = 1
𝑓(1) = 2

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −6𝑥 2 + 42𝑥 − 60


𝑓 ′ (1) = −24

6
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑦 − 2 = −24(𝑥 − 1)
𝑦 = −24𝑥 + 26

6.3 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = −12𝑥 + 42


0 = −12𝑥 + 42
7
𝑥=
2

Activity 7
7.1 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴
𝐴𝐵 = 2,5 − (−2)
𝐴𝐵 = 4,5 units

7.2 𝑔′ (𝑥) = −6𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 12


−6𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 12 = 0
𝑥+𝑥−2=0
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2) = 0
∴ 𝑥𝑇 = 1

7.3 𝑔′ (𝑥) = −6𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 12


𝑔′ (−3) = −24

𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑦 − 11 = −24(𝑥 + 3)
𝑦 = −24𝑥 − 61

7.4 𝑦𝑇 < 7 , 𝑦𝐴 < 0 and 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡 < 20

7.5 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = −12𝑥 − 6


0 = −12𝑥 − 6
1
𝑥=−
2

7
Activity 8
8.1 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 )(𝑥 − 𝑥3 )
𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 − 3)
−6 = 𝑎(0 + 1)2 (0 − 3)
𝑎=2
𝑓(𝑥) = 2(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 − 3)
𝑓(𝑥) = 2(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3)
𝑓(𝑥) = 2(𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 3)
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 6
𝑏 = −2
𝑐 = −10
𝑑 = −6

8.2 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 10
6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 10 = 0
3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 5 = 0
(𝑥 + 1)(3𝑥 − 5) = 0
∴ 𝐵(1,67; −18,96)

8.3 ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)


ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 6 − (6𝑥 − 6)
ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 6 − 6𝑥 + 6
ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 16𝑥
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 16
6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 16 = 0
3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 8 = 0
(3𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
4
∴𝑥=−
3

8
Activity 9
9.1 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2
𝑥−2=0
𝑥=2
∴ 𝐴(2; 0)

9.2 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 )(𝑥 − 𝑥3 )


𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 − 3)
−2 = 𝑎(0 + 1)2 (0 − 3)
𝑎=1
𝑓(𝑥) = 1(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 − 3)
𝑓(𝑥) = 1(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 2)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 2
∴ 𝑐 = −3
9.3 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 3
3𝑥 2 − 3 = 0
𝑥2 = 1
𝑥 = ±1
∴ 𝐵(1; −4)

9.4 At point C:
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 2 = 𝑥 − 2
𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 = 0
𝑥(𝑥 2 − 4) = 0
𝑥(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2) = 0
∴ 𝐶(−2; −4)
𝑦𝐵 − 𝑦𝐶
𝑚𝐵𝐶 =
𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐶
−4 − (−4)
𝑚𝐵𝐶 =
−1 + 2
𝑚𝐵𝐶 = 0
∴ 𝐵𝐶||𝑥-axis

9.5 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = 6𝑥
6𝑥 = 0
𝑥=0

9.6 𝑦𝑚𝑖𝑛 < −4


𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 < 0
𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡 < −2

9.7 −1 < 𝑥 < 1

9
Activity 10
10.1 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑥=2

10.2 𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 is at 𝑥 = 1
𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 is at 𝑥 = 2
When the cubic function has 𝑎 > 0, then its derivative that is the parabola will also be
having 𝑎 > 0, so the parabola will be concave up.

10.3 1+2
𝑥𝑃𝑂𝐼 =
2
3
𝑥𝑃𝑂𝐼 =
2

10.4

10
Activity 11
11.1 𝐸(0; −4)

11.2 𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 )


𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 6)
−4 = 𝑎(0 + 2)(0 − 6)
1
𝑎=
3
1
𝑔′(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 6)
3
′ (𝑥)
1 4
𝑔 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 4
3 3

11.3 𝑥 = −2 and 𝑥=6

11.4 −2 + 6
𝑥𝑃𝑂𝐼 =
2
𝑥𝑃𝑂𝐼 =2

11

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