Title: Mastering the Art of Literature Review: A Guide to Crafting Compelling Academic Discourse

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The type of information you choose to mention should relate directly to the review’s focus, whether
it is thematic, methodological, or chronological. Patsopoulos N. A., Analatos A. A., Ioannidis J.P. A.
Relative citation impact of various study designs in the health sciences. This handout will explain
what literature reviews are and offer insights into the form and construction of literature reviews in
the humanities, social sciences, and sciences. Components of the Literature Review 83 Components
of the Literature Review Krathwohl (2005) suggests and describes a variety of components to
include in a research proposal. However, when writing a review in the social sciences, a survey of the
history of the literature may be required. Parts of a Literature Review Introduction Purpose: To
explain the focus and establish the importance of the subject In general, your introduction should
provide the framework, selection criteria, or parameters of your literature review provide
background or history outline what kind of work has been done on the topic 5. The authors here
recapitulate important features of Hamilton’s study, but then synthesize it by rephrasing the study’s
significance and relating it to their own work. Check out Scribbr’s professional proofreading
services. Does it confirm, add to, or challenge established knowledge. Create a matrix of the studies
for easy analysis, and synthesis, across all of the studies. Correct my document today Writing
literature reviews can be quite challenging. The literature review usually comes near the beginning of
your thesis or dissertation. Themes: what questions or concepts recur across the literature. Rely
heavily on the guidelines your instructor has given you. It’s also a good idea to state any
assumptions that are inherent in these definitions and why these are acceptable, given the purpose of
your study. I was initially skeptical and doubtful that the work could be done as requested. A second
screen of full-text articles, again by two independent members of the research team, ensured that the
studies described phr s. Provide your details and our sales reps will help you get started. Another
benefit of writing a literature review is that it can help you to improve your research skills. Therefore,
there is a growing need for appraisal and synthesis of prior systematic reviews to ensure that
decision-making is constantly informed by the best available accumulated evidence. At this point
consider: Does your study extend current research. Communications of the Association for
Information Systems. 2005; 16:1. Kirkevold M. Integrative nursing research — an important strategy
to further the development of nursing science and nursing practice. Umbrella reviews generally
adhere to the same principles and rigorous methodological guidelines used in systematic reviews.
Literature review hazel hall phd 2004 3 chapter 2 2 literature review 21 introduction this chapter
provides an overview of previous research on knowledge sharing and intranets. This is the most
common form of review in the social sciences. Take notes that you can later incorporate into the text
of your literature review. Doing a literature review: Releasing the social science research imagination.
There is a conclusion with the thesis or purpose statement. This can lead directly into your
methodology section. A reference list does what the name suggests, it lists the literature you
referenced in the body of your research proposal.
You start with some articles about the physiology of sperm whales in biology journals written in the
1980’s. A set of predetermined rules provides a basis for including or excluding certain studies. On
the other end of the spectrum, there might be a wealth of research regarding a certain topic within
one country (say the US), but very little research on that same topic in a different social context (say,
China). Select the plagiarism report if you feel you need it to prove the service quality. Related items
that provide additional information, but that are not key to understanding the research problem, can
be included in a list of further readings. The literature review gives you a chance to: Demonstrate
your familiarity with the topic and its scholarly context Develop a theoretical framework and
methodology for your research Position your work in relation to other researchers and theorists Show
how your research addresses a gap or contributes to a debate Evaluate the current state of research
and demonstrate your knowledge of the scholarly debates around your topic. However, since the
focus of this research is on obesity in children, these will not be reviewed in detail and will only be
referred to as appropriate. You can use it to discuss various theories, models, and definitions of key
concepts. If the literature review is part of your dissertation or thesis, reiterate how your research
addresses gaps and contributes new knowledge, or discuss how you have drawn on existing theories
and methods to build a framework for your research. For example, it might be the case that there are
mixed findings regarding the relationship between two variables (e.g., job performance and work-
from-home policies). A second screen of full-text articles, again by two independent members of the
research team, ensured that the studies described phr s. Try sorting through some other current
bibliographies or literature reviews in the field to get a sense of what your discipline expects. New
York: Longman. Troyka, Lynn Quittman, and Doug Hesse. 2016. Simon and Schuster Handbook for
Writers, 11th ed. Writing the Literature Review: A Practical Guide suggests these steps: Chose a
review topic and develop a research question Locate and organize research sources Select, analyze
and annotate sources Evaluate research articles and other documents Structure and organize the
literature review Develop arguments and supporting claims Synthesize and interpret the literature Put
it all together What is the purpose of writing a literature review. We deal with standard (MLA, APA)
and custom styles. Instead, it focuses on the “methods” of the researcher or writer. The literature
review usually comes near the beginning of your dissertation. There are a number of different
situations where you might write a literature review, each with slightly different expectations;
different disciplines, too, have field-specific expectations for what a literature review is and does.
When you are assigned a literature review, you should always read the entire work before writing
your review. The search was performed using several terms and free text words, combining them in
an appropriate manner. This article has been adapted into lecture slides that you can use to teach your
students about writing a literature review. A literature review discusses published information in a
particular subject area, and sometimes information in a particular subject area within a certain time
period. You should always look at examples from your own discipline and talk to professors or
mentors in your field to be sure you understand your discipline’s conventions, for literature reviews
as well as for any other genre. You should be able to answer it based only on a review of existing
publications. Explain why the research design and methods chosen for this study are appropriate, and
why other design and methods were not chosen. It provides an overview of current knowledge,
allowing you to identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in the existing research. However,
when they returned to the literature to search for individual resilience factors, they discovered a
small body of literature in the child and youth psychology field. Components of the Literature
Review 83 Components of the Literature Review Krathwohl (2005) suggests and describes a variety
of components to include in a research proposal. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open
publishing practices. Anson, Chris M., and Robert A. Schwegler. 2010. The Longman Handbook for
Writers and Readers, 6th ed.
The PCI DSS standard protects quick and smooth transactions. As another methodological
contribution, vom Brocke et al. (2009) offered a series of guidelines for conducting literature
reviews, with a particular focus on how to search and extract the relevant body of knowledge. While
there is no one formula for writing a literature review, most literature reviews include the following
key elements: An introduction that provides an overview of the topic under investigation and puts it
into context. While you do not need to include all knowledge you have learned about your topic in
this section, it is important to ensure that you include the most relevant material that will help to
explain the goals of your research. However, I am thoroughly satisfied with the work of expert.
Depending on the length of your literature review, you can combine several of these strategies (for
example, your overall structure might be thematic, but each theme is discussed chronologically). Use
Quotes Sparingly Some short quotes are appropriate if you want to emphasize a point, or if what an
author stated cannot be easily paraphrased. Lit reviews can also be standalone pieces, either as
assignments in a class or as publications. Make a list of keywords Start by creating a list of
keywords related to your research question. However, since the focus of this research is on obesity in
children, these will not be reviewed in detail and will only be referred to as appropriate. Scribbr
slides are free to use, customize, and distribute for educational purposes. Literature reviews are
written occasionally in the humanities, but mostly in the sciences and social sciences; in experiment
and lab reports, they constitute a section of the paper. In these cases, systematic reviews can use
qualitative synthesis methods such as vote counting, content analysis, classification schemes and
tabulations, as an alternative approach to narratively synthesize the results of the independent studies
included in the review. Write in well-structured paragraphs: use transitions and topic sentences to
draw connections, comparisons and contrasts. A literature review is a document or section of a
document that collects key sources on a topic and discusses those sources in conversation with each
other (also called synthesis ). These are just random examples, but as you can see, research gaps can
emerge from many different places. Identifying Gaps: Aims to pinpoint areas where there is a lack of
research or unresolved questions, highlighting opportunities for further investigation. Types of
reviews 1. Define your research question 2. You should have a rough idea of your strategy before
you start writing. Include each of the key concepts or variables you’re interested in, and list any
synonyms and related terms. You can add to this list if you discover new keywords in the process of
your literature search. Take notes that you can later incorporate into the text of your literature review.
This will help to ensure that your review is well-rounded and comprehensive. These authors reviewed
the existing literature on personal health record ( phr ) systems including design, functionality,
implementation, applications, outcomes, and benefits. The Literature Review: A Few Tips On
Conducting It. Writing a literature review can be a daunting task, but with a little guidance, it
doesn’t have to be. In recent years, the number of systematic reviews in the field of health
informatics has increased considerably. For instance, the review might examine whaling from pre-
1600-1699, 1700-1799, and 1800-1899. Explain the specific purpose of the study and the research
questions that the study will answer. First, exhaustive coverage means an effort is made to be as
comprehensive as possible in order to ensure that all relevant studies, published and unpublished, are
included in the review and, thus, conclusions are based on this all-inclusive knowledge base.
Introduction PDF How to Write a Literature Review This handout will focus on defining what a
literature review is, how to organize and synthesize information, and what the different parts of a
literature review are.
History: The chronological progression of the field, the literature, or an idea that is necessary to
understand the literature review, if the body of the literature review is not already a chronology.
Consider whether your sources are current Some disciplines require that you use information that is
as current as possible. Selection Methods: Criteria you used to select (and perhaps exclude) sources
in your literature review. What other sections you include in the body is up to you. Your instructor
will probably not expect you to read everything that’s out there on the topic, but you’ll make your
job easier if you first limit your scope. Based on your reading and notes, you can look for: Trends
and patterns (in theory, method or results): do certain approaches become more or less popular over
time. In other words, you must clearly demonstrate how your study utilizes and builds upon past
studies, as it relates to the research design and intended methods. If you are writing the literature
review as part of your dissertation or thesis, reiterate your central problem or research question and
give a brief summary of the scholarly context. Describe the major issues or problems to be addressed
by your research. If your assignment is not very specific, seek clarification from your instructor:
Roughly how many sources should you include. What sorts of research methodologies have been
used and how could these help me develop my own methodology. It provides an overview of
current knowledge, allowing you to identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in the existing
research that you can later apply to your paper, thesis, or dissertation topic. A literature review is a
survey of scholarly sources on a specific topic. After the introduction, it grounds your research in a
scholarly field and leads directly to your theoretical framework or methodology. Organizing the
body Once you have the basic categories in place, then you must consider how you will present the
sources themselves within the body of your paper. Instead, researchers often present studies that are
representative of most works published in a particular area and they consider a specific time frame to
be mapped. Remember that the main purpose of a literature review is to demonstrate what existing
knowledge is out there on your topic, and to evaluate it. The sources support what Falk and Mills are
saying. Chapter 9 Methods for Literature Reviews Among other methods, literature reviews are
essential for: (a) identifying what has been written on a subject or topic; (b) determining the extent
to which a specific research area reveals any interpretable trends or patterns; (c) aggregating
empirical findings related to a narrow research question to support evidence-based practice; (d)
generat. If the same thing is being said, just by different people, then this likely demonstrates that the
research problem has hit a conceptual dead end. A literature review can be just a simple summary of
the sources, but it usually has an organizational pattern and combines both summary and synthesis.
Where to find databases: use the tabs on this guide Find other databases in the Nursing Information
Resources web page More on the Medical Library web page. Methodology -- were the techniques
used to identify, gather, and analyze the data appropriate to addressing the research problem. One of
the most highly cited scoping reviews in the eHealth domain was published by Archer, Fevrier-
Thomas, Lokker, McKibbon, and Straus (2011). First, here a wide variety of disciplines are on offer.
Note that this is not the same as a conceptual framework. This step will help you work out the
structure of your literature review and (if applicable) show how your own research will contribute to
existing knowledge. The template starts with an introduction and is followed by pointers to include
under the themes. Usually, the reference list (or bibliography) is not included in the word count of
the research proposal. Lit reviews can also be standalone pieces, either as assignments in a class or as
publications.
Sometimes, though, you might need to add additional sections that are necessary for your study, but
do not fit in the organizational strategy of the body. A literature review has three main purposes: -To
find out what is already known about a particular topic or question -To identify gaps in knowledge -
To inform the reader about the current state of research on a topic In order to write a good literature
review, you must first decide on your topic, then find and read the relevant literature. It is our hope
that our descriptive account will serve as a valuable source for those conducting, evaluating or using
reviews in this important and growing domain. However, particularly in the social sciences, thinking
about research problems from multiple vectors is a key strategy for finding new solutions to a
problem or gaining a new perspective. This situation occurred with one of the authors of this
textbook?s research related to community resilience. And a review does not necessarily mean that
your reader wants you to give your personal opinion on whether or not you liked these sources. Take
notes and cite your sources As you read, you should also begin the writing process. Findings
revealed that there were over 77,000 medical informatics articles published during the covered
period in numerous journals and that the average annual growth rate was 12%. University of Toronto
Health Sciences Writing Centre. A reflection on how the current state of research relates to your own
research project. These are just random examples, but as you can see, research gaps can emerge from
many different places. Summarize and Synthesize Remember to summarize and synthesize your
sources within each thematic paragraph as well as throughout the review. When you find a useful
book or article, you can check the bibliography to find other relevant sources. You’ll need to present
a critical analysis that addresses some (if not all) of the following questions: What have different
studies found in relation to your research questions. Some short quotes here and there are okay,
though, if you want to emphasize a point, or if what the author said just cannot be rewritten in your
own words. Importance of a Good Literature Review A literature review may consist of simply a
summary of key sources, but in the social sciences, a literature review usually has an organizational
pattern and combines both summary and synthesis, often within specific conceptual categories. For
the sperm whale project, one methodological approach would be to look at cultural differences
between the portrayal of whales in American, British, and French art work. A description of the
research design or general approach used to guide the reading and analysis of the literature (this may
be organized chronologically, by subjects, by theoretical framework, etc.). A summary of the main
themes or arguments emerging from your critical review of the literature. Or you might highlight
how there’s a fair deal of mixed findings and disagreement regarding a certain matter. You can
simply put the word “review” in your search engine along with your other topic terms to find articles
of this type on the Internet or in an electronic database. There are so many issues in contemporary
science that you could spend a lifetime of attending conferences and reading the literature just
pondering what to review. The introduction should: define your topic and provide an appropriate
context for reviewing the literature; establish your reasons - i.e. point of view - for. Keep your own
voice While the literature review presents others’ ideas, your voice (the writer’s) should remain front
and center. Identifies critical gaps and points of disagreement. There are several common mistakes
that students make when writing a literature review. Discover a unique answer to any problem with
expert advice. This is because literature reviews require you to search for and critically evaluate
existing research. In the fields of health sciences and medical informatics, reviews that focus on
examining the range, nature and evolution of a topic area are described by Anderson, Allen,
Peckham, and Goodwin (2008) as mapping reviews. Be Selective Select only the most important
points in each source to highlight in the review. You might argue for the relevance of a specific
theoretical approach, or combine various theoretical concepts to create a framework for your research.
Make sure you check with your instructor to see which of the two you are expected to produce. This
can be especially helpful for students or scholars getting into a new research area, or for directing an
entire community of scholars toward questions that have not yet been answered. Consider Whether
Your Sources are Current Some disciplines require that you use information that is as current as
possible. How will you further your research as a result of the review? IV. Typically you’ll cover a
few things within the theoretical framework: Firstly, you’ll need to clearly define the key constructs
and variables that will feature within your study. The introduction should: define your topic and
provide an appropriate context for reviewing the literature; establish your reasons - i.e. point of view
- for. Sheppard is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
International License, except where otherwise noted. Chapter 2 of your thesis is called the review of
literature or review of related literature or literature review. In other words, you do not want to delve
into idle speculation. If you rely too heavily on one source, you may miss important points that could
be made by other authors. 4. Plagiarism Plagiarism is when you use someone else’s words or ideas
without giving them credit. What types of sources should I review (books, journal articles, websites;
scholarly versus popular sources)? 3. Through your literature review, you’ll show what gaps exist in
the current body of knowledge, and then your study will then attempt to fill (or contribute towards
filling) one of those gaps. Fink, Arlene. Conducting Research Literature Reviews: From the Internet
to Paper. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2005; Hart, Chris. Analysis: Involves critically
evaluating and summarizing key findings, methodologies, and debates found in academic literature.
Therefore, there is a growing need for appraisal and synthesis of prior systematic reviews to ensure
that decision-making is constantly informed by the best available accumulated evidence. You don’t
want to substitute a thorough review of core research literature in your discipline for studies
conducted in other fields of study. Note that more authentic thematic reviews tend to break away
from chronological order. Do not use extensive quotes as a substitute for using your own words in
reviewing the literature. Do not forget to explain how and in what ways your proposed research
builds upon previous related research. As mentioned earlier, when rigorously conducted review
articles represent powerful information sources for eHealth scholars and practitioners looking for
state-of-the-art evidence. However, this can be easier to state and harder to do, simply due to the fact
there is usually a plethora of related research to sift through. Therefore, the literature review will
discuss only that research which leads directly to your own project. The critical evaluation of each
work should consider: Provenance -- what are the author's credentials. Are you an instructor who has
received an exemplary literature review and have permission from the student to post. Writing a
literature review can also be beneficial in terms of gaining a better understanding of the field you are
studying. For example, what might cultural anthropologists say about the continuing conflict in the
Middle East. Systematic Approaches to a Successful Literature Review. Body: Contains your
discussion of sources and is organized either chronologically, thematically, or methodologically (see
below for more information on each). Hart, Chris. Doing a Literature Review: Releasing the Social
Science Research Imagination. If the same thing is being said, just by different people, then this
likely demonstrates that the research problem has hit a conceptual dead end.