Title: Mastering the Art of Writing a Literature Review in Quantitative Studies

Crafting a literature review for a quantitative study can be an arduous task, requiring meticulous
attention to detail, comprehensive research, and critical analysis. It serves as the cornerstone of any
scholarly work, providing the necessary context, theoretical framework, and empirical foundation
upon which the research is built. However, navigating through the vast sea of academic literature,
synthesizing relevant findings, and presenting them cohesively can often pose significant challenges
for researchers.

One of the primary difficulties in writing a literature review lies in the extensive amount of literature
available on any given topic. Sorting through numerous scholarly articles, books, and research papers
to identify pertinent studies that contribute to the understanding of the research problem can be
overwhelming. Moreover, ensuring that the selected literature aligns with the objectives of the study
and provides valuable insights adds another layer of complexity to the process.

Furthermore, critically evaluating the quality and credibility of the literature poses another hurdle.
Distinguishing between reliable sources and those that may lack rigor or relevance requires a keen
analytical eye and a thorough understanding of research methodologies. Researchers must assess the
validity, reliability, and generalizability of the findings presented in the literature to determine their
applicability to their own study.

In addition, synthesizing the findings from diverse sources and integrating them into a coherent
narrative can be challenging. Organizing the literature in a logical manner, identifying common
themes, patterns, and gaps in the existing research, and presenting a comprehensive overview of the
literature requires careful planning and synthesis skills.

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Search the database by subject, type, name, or do use the search box for a general title search. The
key is choosing something that works with your own learning style. Inclusion and exclusion criteria
must be established to help researchers eliminate studies that are not aligned with the research
questions. It is our hope that our descriptive account will serve as a valuable source for those
conducting, evaluating or using reviews in this important and growing domain. There is no right or
wrong way to make a concept map. Heterogeneity between the included studies in terms of reported
outcomes and measures precluded the use of meta-analytic methods. Research experts at Infiniti
Research detail the definitions, differences, and importance of qualitative and quantitative research
methods in this article. When you find a useful book or article, you can check the bibliography to
find other relevant sources. Learn more about our academic and editorial standards. They involve a
comprehensive search to locate all relevant published and unpublished work on a subject; a
systematic integration of search results; and a critique of the extent, nature, and quality of evidence
in relation to a particular research question. What you include in each depends on the objective of
your literature review. A description of the literature relevant to a particular field or topic. The
specific goals were to investigate how outcomes are produced and, most importantly, how variations
in outcomes can be explained. For example, if you are reviewing literature about women and
religion, key themes can include the role of women in churches and the religious attitude towards
women. Implications and limitations Research Proposal: Part II II. The methods are repeatable, and
the approach is formal and systematic: Formulate a research question Develop a protocol Search for
all relevant studies Apply the selection criteria Extract the data Synthesize the data Write and publish
a report Although multiple sets of guidelines exist, the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews
is among the most widely used. Yes, they are difficult and require a strong degree of comprehension
of academic studies. A chronological compilation of studies The reason for conducting a literature
review is to: Literature Reviews: An Overview for Graduate Students While this 9-minute video
from NCSU is geared toward graduate students, it is useful for anyone conducting a literature
review. Critically evaluate: mention the strengths and weaknesses of your sources. Read the articles
and decide which articles meet the selection criteria. This may include empirical studies or
conceptual papers that initiated a line of investigation, changed how problems or questions were
framed, introduced new methods or concepts, or engendered important debate ( Cooper, 1988 ). For
each publication, ask yourself: What question or problem is the author addressing. Like any other
academic text, your literature review should have an introduction, a main body, and a conclusion.
With my undergraduate research students (who tend to conduct small-scale qualitative studies ), I
encourage them to conduct a narrative literature review whereby they can identify key themes in the
literature. Experimental Research: This method uses experimentation to determine the cause-effect
relationship between a group of variables. How-to conduct a systematic literature review: A quick
guide for Method details Overview. A hypothesis is a logical supposition or an educated. Helpful
Professor. Search for a Study Guide Search Ready to Write your Essay. Systematic reviews are most
commonly used in medical and public health research, but they can also be found in other disciplines.
Boyle and Tang read through the articles to decide if any more studies needed to be excluded based
on the selection criteria.
Organizational Tools for Literature Reviews One of the most daunting aspects of writing a literature
review is organizing your research. In this regard, we concur with Jesson, Matheson, and Lacey
(2011) that clearly articulated research questions are key ingredients that guide the entire review
methodology; they underscore the type of information that is needed, inform the search for and
selection of relevant literature, and guide or orient the subsequent analysis. This library guide
provides access to resources needed to complete a literature review. Similarly, literature summary
tables for articles included in a meta-synthesis must include information about the participants’
characteristics, research context and conceptual contribution of each reviewed article so as to help
the reader make an informed decision about the usefulness or lack of usefulness of the individual
article in the review and the whole review. Many recent critical appraisal checklists (eg, Mixed
Methods Appraisal Tool) discourage review authors from assigning a quality score and recommend
noting the main strengths and limitations of included studies. As explained above, systematic
reviews seek to identify causation. Give a thorough overview of each theme, integrating source data,
and conclude with a summary of the current state of knowledge then suggestions for future research
based upon your evaluation of what is lacking in the literature. In the meantime, to ensure continued
support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. However, a scoping review isn’t a
type of systematic review. The literature review usually comes near the beginning of your
dissertation. Below is a five-step process for conducting a simple review of the literature for your
project. It is possible to save articles (PDF and HTML) and abstracts in EBSCOhost databases
directly to Google drive. A meta-analysis is a technique to synthesize results from multiple studies.
In qualitative reviews (reviews synthesising results of qualitative studies), this information is
beneficial for readers to recognise the underlying philosophical and paradigmatic stance of the
authors of the included articles. If you stay on our website, it means that you agree to our. Whether
the search is comprehensive or not, whether it involves a methodical approach for data extraction
and synthesis or not, it is important that the review documents in an explicit and transparent manner
the steps and approach that were used in the process of its development. AU library also has AU
student authored theses and dissertations available in print, search the library catalog for these titles.
By organizing your research into a matrix, like the examples below, can help you visualize the ways
in which your sources connect. Analyzing and synthesizing data: As a final step, members of the
review team must collate, summarize, aggregate, organize, and compare the evidence extracted from
the included studies. Review authors should, therefore, include the philosophical stance in their
literature summary for the particular article. The scope of your review will depend on your topic and
discipline: in the sciences you usually only review recent literature, but in the humanities you might
take a long historical perspective (for example, to trace how a concept has changed in meaning over
time). Several search terms relating to phr s were used during this process. Use a citation manager,
such as EndNote as the repository for your citations. He holds a PhD in education and has published
over 20 articles in scholarly journals. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 31(3), 387-408. When
the selection process is complete, you can summarize what you did using a PRISMA flow diagram.
Your strategy will depend on your field and your research question, but sources generally fall into
these four categories: Databases: Search multiple databases of peer-reviewed literature, such as
PubMed or Scopus. An example of this approach in the eHealth domain is offered by DeShazo,
Lavallie, and Wolf (2009). According to Wetcher-Hendricks (2011), quantitative research involved
the collection of numerical data where the researcher asks the respondent specific questions that are
best answered using quantitative methods. You can argue for the relevance of a specific theoretical
approach or combine various theorical concepts to create a framework for your research.
How? Contact a librarian directly or use the online form to schedule an appointment. In their report,
Boyle and colleagues concluded that probiotics cannot be recommended for reducing eczema
symptoms or improving quality of life in patients with eczema. Second, information about
frameworks and methods enables review authors and readers to judge the quality of the research,
which allows for discerning the strengths and limitations of the article. We outline core standards
and principles and describe commonly encountered problems. Although this guide targets
psychological scientists, its high level of abstraction makes it potentially relevant to any subject area
or discipline. Create a matrix of the studies for easy analysis, and synthesis, across all of the studies.
Am I the only one struggling to write a literature review? Dr. Zina O'Leary explains the
misconceptions and struggles students often have with writing a literature review. The search was
performed using several terms and free text words, combining them in an appropriate manner. Use
the bibliographies and references of research studies you find to locate others. Meta-analyses are
regarded as powerful tools for deriving meaningful conclusions. Quantitative Research Design -
Module 1 provides a basic understanding of qua. Therefore, while developing literature summary
tables, think twice before using the predeveloped themes. The A to Z list also includes open access
resources and select internet sites. Database Search Limiters Database strategies for targeted search
results. Two of you will independently read the studies and decide which to include in your review
based on the selection criteria you established in your protocol. The Detailed Evaluation of
Coursework is a course-by-course evaluation of work completed at foreign institutions and resembles
a US transcript. Last Updated: Jan 4, 2024 10:52 AM URL: Literature Reviews Getting started What
is a literature review. In that case, the review authors and the readers of the review need to know
what kind of (transcendental or hermeneutic) philosophical stance guided the inquiry. When Boyle
and Tang disagreed about whether a study should be excluded, they discussed it with Varigos until
the three researchers came to an agreement. If you are writing a literature review as a stand-alone
assignment, you will have to choose a focus and develop a central question to direct your search.
Debates, conflicts and contradictions: where do sources disagree. This link opens in a new window
Contact a Librarian Ask a Librarian Definition: A literature review is a systematic examination and
synthesis of existing scholarly research on a specific topic or subject. But it can be feasibly done
through following a structured approach to data collection and analysis. Based on the full texts:
Download the articles that weren’t excluded during the first phase. Does the research use established
frameworks or take an innovative approach. Your protocol should include the following components:
Background information: Provide the context of the research question, including why it’s important.
The researchers used image acquisition and post-processing techniques such as MRI scanning that
diagnosed individuals for bipolar spectrum disorder or schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Your
literature review should be guided by your central research question. Roots in the classical school of
criminology developed by Cesare Beccaria. Does it confirm, add to, or challenge established
knowledge. You always want to be a step ahead of your competitor(s) when doing business.
EHealth researchers have at their disposal a number of approaches and methods for making sense out
of existing literature, all with the purpose of casting current research findings into historical contexts
or explaining contradictions that might exist among a set of primary research studies conducted on a
particular topic. Inclusion and exclusion criteria must be established to help researchers eliminate
studies that are not aligned with the research questions. An annotated bibliography is a list of source
references that has a short description (called an annotation ) for each of the sources. It is possible to
save articles (PDF and HTML) and abstracts in EBSCOhost databases directly to Google drive. Use
the bibliographies and references of research studies you find to locate others. Finally, Meesters et al
could easily predict future results of the research through observing the characteristics of participants
and relating them to the theory (Meesters et al., 2013). Critics on the appropriateness of the design
used Researchers in both studies made an effort of using the quantitative research design in
analyzing their phenomena, but some concepts did not fully demonstrate application of the research
design. How to Do a Systematic Review: A Best Practice Guide for Conducting and This guide
describes how to plan, conduct, organize, and present a systematic review of quantitative (meta-
analysis) or qualitative (narrative review, meta-synthesis) information. Overview of method
Overview of method This short video introduces viewers to a powerful 15 step method for
undertaking and publishing literature reviews including by those new to the discipline. If there’s no
previous research, there’s nothing to review. Describe, if possible, the sample to- population ratio. A
quantitative research should indicate the expected results and the researcher must explain how the
collected data differed from the planned data. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 31(3), 387-
408. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without
permission. For example: Look at what results have emerged in qualitative versus quantitative
research Discuss how the topic has been approached by empirical versus theoretical scholarship
Divide the literature into sociological, historical, and cultural sources Theoretical A literature review
is often the foundation for a theoretical framework. To achieve this aim, they used a convenience
sample of 150 participants and performed exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)
on the same sample. Make sure your research question is not too broad or too narrow. Important to
various business and market functions, research also allows for companies to acquire a competitive
edge over their key competitors. Take notes that you can later incorporate into the text of your
literature review. Archer Librarians can help you structure a search, preparing you for step two. These
cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Finally, average impact scores
increased over time with two notable growth periods. After the introduction, it grounds your research
in a scholarly field and leads directly to your theoretical framework or methodology. Rather some
review synthesises the theoretical aspects of articles. Here, we offer five tips for authors of the
review articles, relevant to all types of reviews, for creating useful and relevant literature summary
tables. Ten Simple Rules for Writing a Literature Review Rule 1: Define a Topic and Audience How
to choose which topic to review. Click on the different category headings to find out more and to
change your default settings. The lit review is an important genre in many disciplines, not just
literature (i.e., the study of works of literature such as novels and plays). That is, it represents a
synthesis of the evidence that provides background information on your topic and shows a
association between the evidence and your research question. Is it manageable? Begin writing down
terms that are related to your question. Publications Account settings Browse Titles NCBI Bookshelf.
Turn recording back on Connect with NLM National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894 Web Policies FOIA HHS Vulnerability Disclosure Help Accessibility Careers
Have a language expert improve your writing Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, generate
accurate citations for free. The use of any parts of the work without proper citation is forbidden.
Students should always cross-check any information on this site with their course teacher. The best
reviews synthesize studies to draw broad theoretical conclusions about what a literature means,
linking theory to evidence and evidence to theory. It is often assigned as part of the research process
for a paper. Analysis: Explain what information you’ll collect from the studies and how you’ll
synthesize the data. Delineating each reviewed article’s conceptual contribution is particularly
beneficial in qualitative reviews, mixed-methods reviews, and critical reviews that often focus on
developing models and describing or explaining various phenomena. Make sure the sources you use
are credible, and make sure you read any landmark studies and major theories in your field of
research. Summarize all the findings in a paragraph, and with it. Ideally, this will provide more
reliable findings, leading to higher-quality conclusions and recommendations for further research.
Because we respect your right to privacy, you can choose not to allow some types of cookies. While
extracting all relevant information is important, such templates should be tailored to meet the needs
of the individuals’ review. Give your interpretation of how and why certain developments occurred.
We have 35 Images about Narrative Essay: Business literature review example pdf like Literature
review format, Sample of Research Literature Review and also. These studies were identified
through a formal and systematic search in four databases between 2003 and 2013. To begin
organising your literature review’s argument and structure, you need to understand the connections
and relationships between the sources you’ve read. Similar to a systematic review, a scoping review
is a type of review that tries to minimize bias by using transparent and repeatable methods. Writing
the literature review: A practical guide Available 3rd floor of Perkins Writing literature reviews: A
guide for students of the social and behavioral sciences Available online. You will often see the terms
“the research,” “the scholarship,” and “the literature” used mostly interchangeably. This can be
especially helpful for students or scholars getting into a new research area, or for directing an entire
community of scholars toward questions that have not yet been answered. For example, for a review
about the effectiveness of healthcare interventions, a literature summary table must include
information about the intervention, its type, content timing, duration, setting, effectiveness, negative
consequences, and receivers and implementers’ experiences of its usage. Describe, if possible, the
sample to- population ratio. The literature represents background and research developments related
to a specific research question, interpreted and analyzed by you in a synthesized way. Tip 3: write
conceptual contribution of each reviewed article While reading and evaluating review papers, we
have observed that many review authors only provide core results of the article included in a review
and do not explain the conceptual contribution offered by the included article. Literature reviews are
set up similarly to other academic texts, with an introduction, a main body, and a conclusion. It is
also vital that methodological and conceptual limitations and strengths of the articles included in the
review are provided because not all review articles include empirical research papers. You should
apply the selection criteria in two phases: Based on the titles and abstracts: Decide whether each
article potentially meets the selection criteria based on the information provided in the abstracts.
Information systems researchers, among others, have contributed to advancing knowledge on how to
structure a “traditional” review. To circumvent these limitations, Pawson, Greenhalgh, Harvey, and
Walshe (2005) have proposed a new approach for synthesizing knowledge that seeks to unpack the
mechanism of how “complex interventions” work in particular contexts. Proceedings of the European
Conference on Information Systems; 2011.
As mentioned earlier, when rigorously conducted review articles represent powerful information
sources for eHealth scholars and practitioners looking for state-of-the-art evidence. Research experts
at Infiniti Research detail the definitions, differences, and importance of qualitative and quantitative
research methods in this article. Receive feedback on language, structure, and formatting
Professional editors proofread and edit your paper by focusing on: Academic style Vague sentences
Style consistency See an example A systematic review is a good choice of review if you want to
answer a question about the effectiveness of an intervention, such as a medical treatment. Guidance
on Conducting a Systematic Literature Review Literature review is an essential feature of academic
research. By organizing your research into a matrix, like the examples below, can help you visualize
the ways in which your sources connect. If you have the opportunity, discuss your topic with your
professor and your class mates. 2. Decide on the scope of your review How many studies do you
need to look at. The purpose of a literature review is to orient your own work within an existing
body of knowledge. The review authors must include this information in their summary table.
Studies were included if they examined consumers’ preference for food naturalness and contained
empirical data. In this regard, we concur with Jesson, Matheson, and Lacey (2011) that clearly
articulated research questions are key ingredients that guide the entire review methodology; they
underscore the type of information that is needed, inform the search for and selection of relevant
literature, and guide or orient the subsequent analysis. However, a scoping review isn’t a type of
systematic review. For those research questions that were not convertible to. Initially, research
questions may be written as descriptive questions which could be developed into inferential
questions.. In quantitative research. Here the researcher present and critically analyze the.
Quantitative Research Design - Module 1 provides a basic understanding of qua. Developed by Lisa
Swallow, CPA CMA MS. Learning Objectives. Like any other academic text, your literature review
should have an introduction, a main body, and a conclusion. Instead, researchers often present studies
that are representative of most works published in a particular area and they consider a specific time
frame to be mapped. Such information is necessary for a website's digital marketing efforts,
increasing the chances of campaign success by tailoring content to the target audience. If you are
writing a literature review as a stand-alone assignment, you will have to choose a focus and develop
a central question to direct your search. The typology of literature reviews we used herein will allow
eHealth researchers, graduate students and practitioners to gain a better understanding of the
similarities and differences between review types. Analysis: Involves critically evaluating and
summarizing key findings, methodologies, and. There are so many issues in contemporary science
that you could spend a lifetime of attending conferences and reading the literature just pondering
what to review. Secondly, choosing a design that does not appropriately fit the research requirements
leads to negative consequences in the research and the study does not meet its intended aims.
Researchers should carefully choose the appropriate design for a research that meets all the
requirements and leads to a likable evaluation. If you’re doing a systematic review on your own
(e.g., for a research paper or thesis ), you should take appropriate measures to ensure the validity and
reliability of your research. Firstly, the target group represented a bigger percentage of the
population. Making it the most accurate and reliable proofreading tool for students. Findings from
eight rct s involving 6,615 participants were pooled into meta-analyses to calculate the magnitude of
effects that mobile text message reminders have on the rate of attendance at healthcare appointments
compared to no reminders and phone call reminders. They also collected data about possible sources
of bias, such as how the study participants were randomized into the control and treatment groups.
How to Do a Systematic Review: A Best Practice Guide for Conducting and Systematic reviews are
characterized by a methodical and replicable methodology and presentation.
Keywords: evidence; guide; meta-analysis; meta-synthesis; narrative; systematic review; theory.
Please upgrade to latest version of Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome, or Firefox. Give a thorough
overview of each theme, integrating source data, and conclude with a summary of the current state
of knowledge then suggestions for future research based upon your evaluation of what is lacking in
the literature. The literature search will include books and ebooks, scholarly and practitioner journals,
theses and dissertations, and indexes. AU Library's database collection includes The Chronicle of
Higher Education and The Wall Street Journal. The authors found that the literature lacks clarity
about how naturalness is defined and measured, but also found that food consumption is
significantly influenced by perceived naturalness of goods. The conceptual contribution of this
research article could be that experiential learning is one way to teach compassion to nursing
students, as supported by case studies and reflective logs. Integration only occurred at the levels of
data collection. Victoria (BC): University of Victoria; 2017 Feb 27. They provide historical context
for a field while offering opinions on its future trajectory. For example, if authors of an included
article intended to develop a new scale and test its psychometric properties. To this end, they
provide a number of recommendations to strengthen knowledge development towards improving the
design and execution of future reviews on home telemonitoring. 9.4. Summary Table 9.1 outlines the
main types of literature reviews that were described in the previous sub-sections and summarizes the
main characteristics that distinguish one review type from another. The use of any parts of the work
without proper citation is forbidden. Click on the different category headings to find out more and to
change your default settings. These cookies cannot track your browsing activity on other websites.
Place the problem under study in a historical, sociological. When the selection process is complete,
you can summarize what you did using a PRISMA flow diagram. It is also helpful to use as a guide
is the searches are not finding any useful results. It is also vital that methodological and conceptual
limitations and strengths of the articles included in the review are provided because not all review
articles include empirical research papers. International journal of clinical practice, 69 (11), 1257-
1267. There is an increasing interest in the visual aspects of social media. There are a number of
different situations where you might write a literature review, each with slightly different
expectations; different disciplines, too, have field-specific expectations for what a literature review
is and does. By clicking “I’m fine with this”, you are allowing the use of these cookies. They help to
define the relationship between your search terms. For example, using the operator AND will
combine the terms expanding the search. Because we respect your right to privacy, you can choose
not to allow some types of cookies. Textbook Chapters. Creswell, Chapters 2 and 5 Salkind, Chapter
3A. Download Word doc Download Google doc Before you begin searching for literature, you need
a clearly defined topic. Note Generative AI tools like ChatGPT can be useful at various stages of the
writing and research process and can help you to write your systematic review. Seven databases
were searched from 1985 to March 2010. Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text Be
assured that you'll submit flawless writing.