Unit 1

Disaster and Disaster Risk

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

LEARNING TARGETS

At the end of this unit, the learners should be

able to do the following:

● Explain the meaning of disaster. (DRR11/12-Ia-b-1).

● Differentiate the risk factors underlying disasters.
(DRR11/12-Ia-b-2).
● Describe the effects of disaster on one’s life.
(DRR11/12-Ia-b-3).
VALUES AND ATTITUDES

In this unit, the learners should be able to do the

following:
● Develop mindfulness of their and others' vulnerabilities
and risk factors.
● Care for the environment.
● Improve their commitment to their community’s
disaster capacity.
● Increase shared responsibility in their community’s
disaster resilience.
CAUSES AND EFFECTS CORNER

Figure 1. The Battle of Marawi aftermath

UNIT STIMULUS

Finding Connections
How can the earth be saved from any form of destruction?
CENTRAL QUESTION

How does having a multifaceted

approach to disaster analysis help
us improve our disaster response
strategies?
Lesson 1
The Concept of Disaster and
Disaster Risk

Unit 1| Disaster and Disaster Risk

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

7
ACTIVATION

Disaster Experience
Table 1. Activity table for disasters, hazard types, and vulnerability

Name of Disaster Type of Hazard Vulnerability

● “What did you realize from this activity?”

● “What common types of hazards did you

notice? What does it say about people’s
actions toward their environment?”

● “How does the people’s condition in a

particular area exacerbate the effects of a
disaster?”
LET'S GET REAL

Hyatt Terraces in Baguio City

The Concept of Disaster

Definition
A disaster is a dangerous
situation or threat caused
by natural or man-made
events that disrupts the
functions of individuals in a
community.
Concept of Disaster Risk

Vulnerability Disaster Hazard

(Conditions of the (Trigger
community) Risk event)

Vulnerability is often caused are natural or man-made

by limited resources, illnesses
occurs when a
processes or events that
within the population, and vulnerable potentially harm
disabilities within a
community. Failure to plan
community is everyone. A hazard can be
considered a disaster if it
proper disaster management exposed to a
procedures also contributes to harms life and the
disaster formation.
hazard.” environment.
Types of Hazards

Natural Hazards
are caused by an abrupt or slow onset of naturally occurring phenomena which can be
biological, geological, hydrological, meteorological, and climatological in nature.”
Types of Hazards

Table 2. Types of natural hazards and their examples

Types Examples
biological diseases, epidemics, and plagues

geological earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, and volcanic activities

hydrological avalanches and rain-induced floods

meteorological storm surges, cyclones, and tornadoes

climatological droughts and wildfires

Types of Hazards

Man-made Hazards
caused by human activities that occur near human settlements. Pollution, industrial and
transport accidents, conflicts (war and terrorism), and technological structures are some
examples of this type of hazard.”
Occurrence of Disasters

A vulnerable community exposed to

a hazard is prone to disaster risks.
Vulnerability is often caused by
limited resources, illnesses within
the population, and disabilities
within a community.
Stoplight

STOP CONTINUE START

Risk Factors Underlying Disasters

Unit 1| Disaster and Disaster Risk

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

19
DEMONSTRATION

Risks and Effects

Table 1. Sample table on disaster exposure, vulnerability, and effects

Type of Hazard (Specific Hazard): Name of Disaster

Exposure Vulnerability Effects

BEST PRACTICE

the aftermath of the Tohoku earthquake

in Japan
Elements of Disaster Risk

Hazard

Exposure Disaster Risk Vulnerability

Capacity
● hazard – any phenomenon that can potentially cause
damage to life, property, or environment
● exposure – any element (people, property, or system)
present in a hazard and prone to potential loss
● vulnerability – a feature of a community that makes them
prone and exposed to the negative impacts of a hazard
● capacity – the combination of all the strengths, attributes,
and resources available within a community to manage
and reduce disaster risks and strengthen resilience
Components of Disaster Risk Assessment

A disaster risk assessment is used to determine potential economic,

infrastructure, and social impacts.

Likelihood Location, Attributes,

Vulnerability
Probability and Values of Assets

Impact Risk
● “The likelihood probability is the chance
of a potentially destructive phenomenon
occurring.”
● “The location, attributes, and values of
assets refer to things that are important to
communities.”
● “Vulnerability is the likelihood that assets
will be damaged or destroyed when
exposed to a hazardous event.”
● “Impact is an evaluation of what
might happen to people and
assets from a single event.”
● “Risk is the composite of impacts
of all potential events.”
Disaster Risk Factors

physical psychological sociocultural

economic biological
● “physical – It includes the concrete objects in a
community that can help or harm an individual
during a disaster. Examples are the availability of
fire exits during a fire, the sturdiness of
infrastructure, or the ability of a building to
withstand earthquakes.”
● “psychological – It includes an individual's
mental state, like his or her ability to respond to
disaster and fear.”
● “sociocultural – It includes traditions, religion,
and social statuses in society. Examples include
community folklore, the presence of ​”bayanihan”​
system, etc.”
● “economic – It includes resources in the
community and the source of income of
individuals, such as farming and employment.”
● “biological – It includes flora and fauna in the
environment, their health, and diseases.”
Disaster Risk Reduction

● Reduce the vulnerability of life, property, or the environment to an

existing hazard.
● Reduce degree of exposure to hazards.
● Increase preparedness through proper mitigation procedures.
Stoplight

STOP CONTINUE START

Effects of Disasters

Unit 1| Disaster and Disaster Risk

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

32
Effects of Disasters

population food

health psychological
Effects of Disasters: Sample Cases

A situation in an evacuation during a wildfire

Effects of Disasters: Sample Cases

the use of portable toilets in an evacuation

center in Cagayan de Oro City
Effects of Disasters: Sample Cases

Providing supplies to food pantries during disasters

Effects of Disasters: Sample Cases

Fires can bring about stress to the affected people.

Factors Affecting Severity

Severity of Exposure Age

Human Resilience

Social Support Coping Confidence

Human Resilience

Children living at the Guinobatan evacuation center

are playing soccer.
Stoplight

STOP CONTINUE START