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CH2-7 - HW Solution

1. The document provides example problems from the textbook "Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10th Ed." by Erwin Kreyszig involving solving second order linear differential equations. 2. For each problem, the document finds the complementary function using the characteristic equation and particular solution to construct the general solution. Initial conditions are used to determine constants when given. 3. Solutions are provided for 12 problems involving homogeneous and nonhomogeneous second order linear differential equations with various forms of forcing terms. Step-by-step working is shown to determine the general solution for each problem.

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63 views

CH2-7 - HW Solution

1. The document provides example problems from the textbook "Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10th Ed." by Erwin Kreyszig involving solving second order linear differential equations. 2. For each problem, the document finds the complementary function using the characteristic equation and particular solution to construct the general solution. Initial conditions are used to determine constants when given. 3. Solutions are provided for 12 problems involving homogeneous and nonhomogeneous second order linear differential equations with various forms of forcing terms. Step-by-step working is shown to determine the general solution for each problem.

Uploaded by

a28726996
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Advanced Engineering Mathematics, by Erwin Kreyszig 10th. Ed.

Problem Set 2.7


No. 1

y"+5 y'+6 y = 2e − x

The corresponding homogeneous equation y"+5 y'+6 y = 0

Auxiliary equation 2 + 5 + 6 = 0 ( + 3)( + 2) = 0 1 = −3, 2 = −2


y1 = e −3x , y2 = e −2 x

yh = C1 y1 + C2 y2 = C1e −3 x + C2e −2 x

In the nonhomogeneous equation r (x ) = 2e − x

Set y p = Ce − x

y ' p = −Ce − x y" p = Ce − x

Substitute y" p , y' p , y p into the nonhomogeneous equation y"+5 y'+6 y = 2e − x

( ) ( )
Ce − x + 5 − Ce − x + 6 Ce − x = 2e − x

(C − 5C + 6C )e − x = 2e− x 2Ce − x = 2e − x

C =1

y p = e− x

General sol. y (x ) = yh + y p = C1e −3 x + C2e −2 x + e − x

No. 2
10 y"+50 y'+57.6 y = cos x

The corresponding homogeneous equation 10 y"+50 y'+57.6 y = 0

Auxiliary equation 102 + 50 + 57.6 = 0 10( + 1.8)( + 3.2) = 0

1 = −1.8, 2 = −3.2 y1 = e −1.8 x , y2 = e −3.2 x

y h = C1 y1 + C2 y2 = C1e −1.8 x + C2 e −3.2 x

In the nonhomogeneous equation r (x ) = cos x

Set y p = K cos x + M sin x

y' p = −K sin x + M cos x


y" p = −K cos x − M sin x

Substitute y" p , y' p , y p into the nonhomogeneous equation

10 y"+50 y'+57.6 y = cos x

− 10K cos x − 10M sin x + 50(− K sin x + M cos x ) + 57.6(K cos x + M sin x ) = cos x

(− 10K + 50M + 57.6K ) cos x + (− 10M − 50K + 57.6M )sin x = cos x

(47.6K + 50M ) cos x + (− 50K + 47.6M )sin x = cos x


Equalize the coefficients ahead cos x and sin x
47.6 K + 50M = 1 (1)
− 50K + 47.6M = 0 (2)
(1)  50 + (2)  47.6 4765.76M = 50; M = 0.01049

(1)  47.6 + (2)  (− 50) 4765.76M = 47.6; K = 0.009988

y p = 0.009988cos x + 0.01049sin x

General sol. y(x ) = yh + y p = C1e −1.8 x + C2e −3.2 x + 0.009988cos x + 0.01049sin x

No. 3

y"+3 y'+2 y = 12x 2

The corresponding homogeneous equation y"+3 y'+2 y = 0

Auxiliary equation 2 + 3 + 2 = 0 ( + 2)( + 1) = 0 1 = −2, 2 = −1


y1 = e −2 x , y2 = e − x

y h = C1 y1 + C2 y2 = C1e −2 x + C2 e − x

In the nonhomogeneous equation r (x ) = 12x 2

Set y p = K 2 x 2 + K1x + K o

y' p = 2K2 x + K1

y" p = 2K2

Substitute y" p , y' p , y p into the nonhomogeneous equation y"+3 y'+2 y = 12x 2

( )
2 K 2 + 3(2 K 2 x + K1 ) + 2 K 2 x 2 + K1x + K o = 12x 2

2 K 2 x 2 + (6 K 2 + 2 K1 )x + (2 K 2 + 3K1 + 2 K o ) = 12 x 2
2 K 2 = 12; K 2 = 6

6 K 2 + 2 K1 = 0 K1 = −18

2K 2 + 3K1 + 2Ko = 0 Ko = 21

y p = 6 x 2 − 18x + 21

General sol. y(x ) = yh + y p = C1−2 x + C2e − x + 6 x 2 − 18x + 21

No. 11

y"+4 y = 8x 2 , y(0) = −3, y' (0) = 0

The corresponding homogeneous equation y"+4 y = 0

Auxiliary equation 2 + 4 = 0  = 2i


y A = cos x, y B = sin 2 x

y h = Ay A + By B = A cos 2 x + B sin 2 x

In the nonhomogeneous equation r (x ) = 8x 2

Set y p = K 2 x 2 + K1x + K o

y' p = 2K 2 x + K1 y" p = 2K2

Substitute y" p , y' p , y p into the nonhomogeneous equation

y"+4 y = 8x 2

2 K 2 + 4 K 2 x 2 + 4 K1x + 4 K o = 8 x 2

4 K 2 x 2 + 4 K1x + 2 K 2 + 4 K o = 8 x 2

Equalize the coefficients ahead terms on both sides.

4 K 2 = 8; K2 = 2

4 K1 = 0; K1 = 0

2K 2 + 4Ko = 0; Ko = −1

y p = 2x2 − 1

General sol. y(x ) = yh + y p = A cos 2 x + B sin 2 x + 2 x 2 − 1


y ' (x ) = −2 A sin 2 x + 2 B cos 2 x + 4 x
Substitute the initial values, y(0) = −3, y' (0) = 0 into the above equations of
general solution and its derivative.
y(0) = A cos 0 + B sin 0 + 2  0 − 1 = A − 1 = −3
y' (0) = −2 A sin 0 + 2 B cos 0 + 4  0 = 2 B = 0
A = −2, B = 0 are obtained.

Particular solution y(x ) = −2 cos 2 x + 2 x 2 − 1


No. 12
y"+4 y = −12 sin 2 x, y(0) = 1.8, y ' (0) = 5.0
The corresponding homogeneous equation y"+4 y = 0

Auxiliary equation 2 + 4 = 0  = 2i

1= 2i,  2 = −2i y A = cos 2 x, y B = sin 2 x


y h = Ay A + By B = A cos 2 x + B sin 2 x
In the nonhomogeneous equation r (x ) = −12 sin 2 x
The term sin 2 x is the same as y B = sin 2 x , we modify

y p = x(K cos 2x + M sin 2x)

y' p = K cos 2x + M sin 2x + x(− 2K sin 2x + 2M cos 2x) = (K + 2Mx) cos 2x + (− 2Kx + M )sin 2x

y" p = 2M cos 2x − 2(K + 2Mx )sin 2x − 2K sin 2x + 2(− 2Kx + M )cos 2x

= (2M + 2M − 4 Kx )cos 2 x − (2 K + 2 K + 4Mx )sin 2 x


= (4M − 4 Kx )cos 2 x − (4 K + 4Mx )sin 2 x

Substitute y" p , y p into the nonhomogeneous equation

y"+4 y = −12 sin 2 x


(4M − 4Kx ) cos 2 x − (4K + 4Mx )sin 2 x + 4 x(K cos 2 x + M sin 2 x ) = −12 sin 2 x
(4M − 4Kx + 4Kx ) cos 2 x − (4K + 4Mx − 4Mx )sin 2 x = −12 sin 2 x
4M cos 2 x − 4K sin 2 x = −12 sin 2 x
Equalize each term on both sides.
4M = 0; M=0
− 4K = −12; K =3

y p = 3x cos 2 x

General sol. y(x) = yh + y p = A cos 2x + B sin 2x + 3x cos 2x

y ' (x ) = −2 A sin 2 x + 2 B cos 2 x + 3 cos 2 x − 6 x sin 2 x


Substitute the initial values, y (0) = 1.8, y ' (0) = 5.0 into the above equations of
general solution and its derivative.
y(0) = A cos 0 + B sin 0 + 3  0 cos 0 = A = 1.8
y' (0) = −2 A sin 0 + 2 B cos 0 + 3 cos 0 − 6  0 sin 0 = 2 B + 3 = 5.0
A = 1.8, B = 1 are obtained.

Particular solution y(x ) = 1.8 cos 2 x + sin 2 x + 3x cos 2 x

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