To Determine the Operating Characteristics of the Numerical Overcurrent Relay

MICOM P120
Overcurrent Relay 33 110V AC
A 56 55 6 2 34 Supply
DPST

110V 5Ω, 9A 0-10 A

220V Trip
DC

Theory:
Relay operates when, relay current I≥K1Iref ----- (1), where K1 = pickup setting
K
Operating time of IDMT relay, t = T × ( α + L) -------- (2)
(I⁄I ) −1
S
Where, K= coefficient as in Table I,
I = value of measured current,
Is = value of programmed threshold,
α = coefficient as in Table I,
L = ANSI/IEEE coefficient as in Table I,
T = Time multiplier between 0.025 and 1.5.

Relay Current
Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) = , TMS Time Multiplier Setting
Set Current

TABLE I

[Source: http://mt.schneider-electric.be/op_main/micom/p12x_en_da6.pdf]
Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure, decide the equipment rating for the setup based on the relay
setting.
2. Have one set of relay settings (pickup current, TMS, standard and type of the characteristic curve)
3. Increase the current by adjusting the autotransformer and resistor arrangement to a particular PSM.
4. Switch on the circuit at the set value, record the time of operation of the relay till the contactor trips.
5. Repeat step 2 to 4 for the following sets:
a. Pickup setting: 0.5 and 0.6 (TMS = 0.2)
b. TMS: 0.2 and 1 (Pickup setting = 0.5)
c. Standard and Type of Characteristic curve: IEC Standard Inverse (IEC SI) and IEC Extremely
Inverse (IEC EI) (TMS = 0.5 and Pickup setting = 0.5)

Precaution:
1. Increase the current slowly to the required value.
2. Record the trip time for the set PSM after resetting the relay and timer.

Report:
1. Plot the graph showing the characteristics of overcurrent relay (Operating time (y-axis) vs PSM (x-
axis)).
2. Compare the curves with reference curves as supplied by the manufacturer (Available:
http://mt.schneider-electric.be/op_main/micom/p12x_en_da6.pdf).
3. Compare the operating time sets with the theoretical value as in the equation (2) for 3 sets of current for
a particular characteristic.
4. Discussion on curves with different TMSs, pickup values, standards and types of relay characteristic.

Discussion:
1. For higher current time of operation is less, why? Is the condition necessary on power system?
2. Discuss on coordination issue with relays having different standards and types of characteristics.
3. What is the limitation of the IDMT type overcurrent relay?

Design:
Design an overcurrent relaying scheme for the following system with the available data of the tested
relay.
220 V 1Ω 0.1H 2Ω 0.3H 0.5Ω 0.2H

R1 R2 R3
Overcurrent Relay Coordination by both Time and Current

Coordination of relays by both Time and Current (IDMT Relays):

1. CT ratios for all relays are selected such that the steady state secondary current
does not exceed 5 A (for 5 A CT) , 1 A (for or 1 A CT).
2. Set the pickup current for which the relay must operate- using load current and
minimum fault current
3. The relay settings are first determined to give the shortest operating times at
maximum fault levels and then checked to see if operation will also be
satisfactory at the minimum fault current expected.
4. TMS for the primary relay on a feeder is selected at the fastest possible setting
which usually corresponds to the minimum TMS.
5. Relays are coordinated for maximum fault current seen by the relay.
6. TMS for backup relay is selected so that the coordination time interval (CTI)
must maintain at 0.2-0.4 s.

NOTE:
1. Use relays with the same operating characteristic.
2. The relay farthest from the source should have current settings equal to or
less than the relays behind it.
OBJECTIVES:

• Observe the operating time of relay Relay-1 (RB ) for fault at F1.
• Observe the operating time of relay Relay-2 (RC ) for fault at F1, when relay RB
fails to trip CBB.

(coordinated operation, Relay-2 is backup for Relay-1)

Observation Table:
Fault at F1 top (RB)
--
Fault Current = _ _ top (RC)
when RB fails to
trip CBB --
Fault at F2
Fault Current = _ _ top (RC)
--

 Give yours comments on the above results.