Chapter 7

Ratio and Proportion

Exercise 7.1

1. If a: b = 5: 3, find:
Solution:
O T IS
N A D
CO N
Given, a: b = 5: 3
O UC AA
T IO
PY
So, =
ED PR

=
©

=
D

=
Now,

2. If x: y = 4: 7, find the value of (3x + 2y): (5x + y).

Solution:
Given, x: y = 4: 7
So, =

= !

=
"
O T IS
N A D
CO N
=
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR

3. If a: b = 3: 8, find the value of.

Solution:
Given, a: b = 3: 8
©

So, =

#
=
#
D

$
= $ =

=
Now,
4. If (a – b): (a + b) = 1: 11, find the ratio (5a + 4b + 15): (5a – 4b
+ 3).
Solution:
Given,
=
11a – 11b = a + b
10a = 12b

O T IS
= =
"
Now, lets take a = 6k and b = 5k
N A D
CO N
So,
O UC AA
T IO
PY
( &) ( &)
=
ED PR

( &) ( &)
"& "&
=
"& "&
"&
©

=
"&
( "& )
= =5
"&
Therefore, (5a + 4b + 15): (5a – 4b + 3 = 5: 1
D

5. Find the number which bears the same ratio to that does to
.
Solution:
Let consider the required number to be

Now, given that

 #
Ratio of to = = × =
$

Hence, we have

=
)
= = ×

O T IS
=
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
6. T IO
PY
Solution:

Given,
ED PR

3(m + n) = 2(m + 3n)

3m + 3n = 2m + 6n
©

m = 3n
*
=
+
Now,
+
=
* *+
D

, ,
- -

=
7. Find ; when x2 + 6y2 = 5xy

Solution:
Given,
x2 + 6y2 = 5xy
Dividing by y2 both side, we have

+ =

O T IS
+6 = 5 N A D
CO N
−5 +6 = 0
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Let = a
ED PR

So,
a2 – 5a + 6 = 0
(a – 2) (a – 3) = 0
©

a = 2 or a = 3
Therefore, = 2 or 3

8. If the ratio between 8 and 11 is the same as the ratio of 2x – y to

D

x + 2y, find the value of .

Solution:
Given,
=

On cross multiplying, we get

11(2x – y) = 8(x + 2y)
22x – 11y = 8x + 16y
14x = 27y
=

So,
×
= =
×

O T IS
9. Divide Rs 1290 into A, B and C such that A is of B and B: C =
4: 3.
N A D
CO N
Solution:
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Given,
0
B: C = 4: 3 so, = ⇒ C = B And, A = B
1
ED PR

We know that,
A + B + C = Rs 1290
B + B + B = 1290
©

Taking L.C.M,
( 0 "0 0)
= 1290
"
43B = 1290 × 20
"
B = 1290 × = 600
D

So,
A = × 600 = 240
And,
C = × 600 = 450
Therefore,
A gets Rs 600, B gets Rs 240 and C gets Rs 450
10. A school has 630 students. The ratio of the number of boys to
the number of girls is 3: 2. This ratio changes to 7: 5 after the
admission of 90 new students. Find the number of newly admitted
boys.
Solution:
Let’s consider the number of boys be 3x.
Then, the number of girls = 2x
⇒ 3x + 2x = 630

O T IS
5x = 630
x = 126
N A D
CO N
So, the number of boys = 3x = 3 × 126 = 378
O UC AA
T IO
PY
And, number of girls = 2x = 2 × 126 = 252
After admission of 90 new students,
ED PR

Total number of students = 630 + 90 = 720

Here, let take the number of boys to be 7x
And, the number of girls = 5x
©

⇒ 7x + 5x = 720
12x = 720
"
x=
x = 60
So, the number of boys = 7x = 7 × 60 = 420
D

And, the number of girls = 5x = 5 × 60 = 300

Therefore, the number of newly admitted boys = 420 – 378 = 42

11. What quantity must be subtracted from each term of the ratio
9: 17 to make it equal to 1: 3?
Solution:
Let x be subtracted from each term of the ratio 9: 17.
=
27 – 3x = 17- x
10 = 2x
X=5
27 – 3x = 17 – x
10 = 2x

O T IS
x=5
Therefore, the required number which should be subtracted is 5.
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
12. The monthly pocket money of Ravi and Sanjeev are in the
ratio 5: 7. Their expenditures are in the ratio 3: 5. If each saves
Rs. 80 every month, find their monthly pocket money.
ED PR

Solution:
Given,
©

The pocket money of Ravi and Sanjeev are in the ratio 5: 7

So, we can assume the pocket money of Ravi as 5k and that of
Sanjeev as 7k.
Also, give that
The expenditure of Ravi and Sanjeev are in the ratio 3: 5
So, it can be taken as the expenditure of Ravi as 3m and that of
D

Sanjeev as 5m.
And, each of them saves Rs 80
This can be expressed as below:
5k – 3m = 80 ….. (a)
7k – 5m = 80 …… (b)
Solving equations (a) and (b), we have
k = 40 and m = 40
Therefore, the monthly pocket money of Ravi is Rs 5k = Rs 5 × 40 =
Rs 200 and that of Sanjeev is Rs 7k = Rs 7 × 40 = Rs 280.

13. The work done by (x – 2) men in (4x + 1) days and the work
done by (4x + 1) men in (2x – 3) days are in the ratio 3: 8. Find the
value of x.
Solution:

O T IS
On assuming that the same amount of work is done one day by all the
men and one day work of each man = 1 units, we have
N A D
CO N
Amount of work done by (x – 2) men in (4x + 1) days
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= Amount of work done by (x – 2)(4x + 1) men in one day
= (x – 2)(4x + 1) units of work
Similarly, we have
ED PR

Amount of work done by (4x + 1) men in (2x – 3) days

= (4x + 1)(2x – 3) units of work
©

Then according to the question, we have

( )( )
( )(
=
)

=
8x – 16 = 6x – 9
D

2x = 7
X = = 3.5
8x – 16 = 6x – 9
2x = 7
x=
14. The bus fare between two cities is increased in the ratio 7: 9.
Find the increase in the fare, if:
(i) the original fare is Rs 245;
(ii) the increased fare is Rs 207.
Solution:
From the question we have,
Increased (new) bus fare = × original bus fare

O T IS
(i) We have,
Increased (new) bus fare = × Rs 245 = Rs 315
N A D
CO N
Thus, the increase in fare = Rs 315 – Rs 245 = Rs 70
O UC AA
T IO
PY
(ii) Here we have,
Rs 207 = × original bus fare
ED PR

Original bus fare = Rs 207 × = Rs 161

Thus, the increase in fare = Rs 207 – Rs 161 = Rs 46
©

15. By increasing the cost of entry ticket to a fair in the ratio 10:
13, the number of visitors to the fair has decreased in the ratio 6:
5. In what ratio has the total collection increased or decreased?
Solution:
Let’s take the cost of the entry ticket initially and at present to be 10x
D

and 13x respectively.

And let the number of visitors initially and at present be 6y and 5y
respectively.
So,
Initially, the total collection = 10x × 6y = 60 xy
And at present, the total collection = 13x ×5y = 65 xy
Hence,
The ratio of total collection = 60 xy: 65 xy = 12: 13
Therefore, it’s seen that the total collection has been increased in the
ratio 12: 13.

O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR
©
D
 Exercise 7.2
1. Find the fourth proportional to:
(i) 1.5, 4.5 and 3.5 (ii) 3a, 6a2 and 2ab2
Solution:
(i) Let’s assume the fourth proportional to 1.5, 4.5 and 3.5 be x.
1.5: 4.5 = 3.5: x
1.5 × x = 3.5 × 4.5

O T IS
. × .
x=
.
N A D
CO N
x = 10.5
O UC AA
T IO
PY
(i) Let’s assume the fourth proportional to 3a, 6a2 and 2ab2 be x.
3a: 6a2 = 2ab2: x
3a × x = 2ab2 x 6a2
ED PR

3a ×x = 12a3b2
x = 4a2b2
©

2. Find the third proportional to:

(i) 2 and 4 (ii) a – b and a2 – b2
D

Solution:
(i) Let’s take the third proportional to
2 and 4 be x.
So,
2 , 4, x are in continued proportion.

: 4 = 4: x
#
=

x = 16 × = 6

(ii) Let’s take the third proportional to a – b and a2 – b2 be x.

So, a – b, a2 – b2, x are in continued proportion.
a – b: a2 – b2 = a2 – b2: x

⟹ O T IS
N A D
CO N
=
O UC AA
( T IO )

PY
⟹6=
( )( )( )
⟹6=
ED PR

⟹ 6 = (7 + 9)(7 − 9 )
©

3. Find the mean proportional between:

(i) 6 + 3√3 and 8 – 4√3
(ii) a – b and a3 – a2b
Solution:
(i) Let the mean proportional between 6 + 3√3 and 8 – 4√3 be x.
D

So, 6 + 3√3, x and 8 – 4√3 are in continued proportion.

6 + 3√3 : x = x : 8 – 4√3
x × x = (6 + 3√3) (8 – 4√3)
x2 = 48 + 24√3 – 24√3 – 36
x2 = 12
x= 2√3
(ii) Let the mean proportional between a – b and a3 – a2b be x.
a – b, x, a3 – a2b are in continued proportion.
a – b: x = x: a3 – a2b
x × x = (a – b) (a3 – a2b)
x2 = (a – b) a2(a – b) = [a(a – b)]2
x = a(a – b)

O T IS
4. If x + 5 is the mean proportional between x + 2 and x + 9; find
the value of x.
N A D
CO N
Solution:
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Given, x + 5 is the mean proportional between x + 2 and x + 9.
So, (x + 2), (x + 5) and (x + 9) are in continued proportion.
ED PR

(x + 2): (x + 5) = (x + 5): (x + 9)
( ) ( )
( )
=( )

(x + 5)2 = (x + 2)(x + 9)
©

x2 + 25 + 10x = x2 + 2x + 9x + 18
25 – 18 = 11x – 10x
x=7
5. If x2, 4 and 9 are in continued proportion, find x.
Solution:
D

Given, x2, 4 and 9 are in continued proportion

So, we have

x2 =

Thus, x =
6. What least number must be added to each of the numbers 6, 15,
20 and 43 to make them proportional?
Solution:
Let assume the number added to be x.
So, (6 + x): (15 + x) :: (20 + x): (43 + x)
< " <
=
< <

(6 + x) (43 + x) = (20 + x) (43 + x)

O T IS
258 + 6x + 43x + x2 = 300 + 20x = 15x + x2
49x – 35x = 300 – 258
N A D
CO N
14x = 42
O UC AA
T IO
PY
X = 3
Therefore, the required number which should be added is 3.
ED PR

7. (i) If a, b, c are in continued proportion,

= = ( >)
©

= =? >=
( >)

Show that:
Solution:
Given,
a, b, c are in continued proportion.
D

So, we have
@ A
=
A B

⇒ b2 = ac
Now,
(a2 + b2) (b2 + c2) = (a2 + ac) (ac + c2) [As b2 = ac]
= a(a + c) c(a + c)
= ac(a + c)2
= b2(a + c)2
(a2 + b2) (b2 + c2) = [b(a + c)][b(a + c)]
Thus, L.H.S = R.H.S
( C)
= ?C
( C)

– Hence Proved

O T IS
(ii) If a, b, c are in continued proportion and a(b – c) = 2b, prove
(@ A)
N A D
CO N
that: a – c =
@
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Solution:
Given,
a, b, c are in continued proportion.
ED PR

So, we have
@ A
=
A B
©

⇒ b2 = ac
And, given a(b – c) = 2b
ab – ac = 2b
ab – b2 = 2b
ab = 2b + b2
D

ab = b(2 + b)
a=b+2
a–b=2
Now, taking the L.H.S we have
L.H.S = a – c
@(@ B)
= [Multiply and divide by a]
@
 C
=

=
( )( )
=
(@ A)
= = R.H.S
@
– Hence Proved
C C ( C)

O T IS
=
D D N A D D

CO N
C
iii) If = , show that:
O UC AA
D T IO
PY
Solution:
C
Let’s take = , = k
D
ED PR

So, a = bk and c = dk
Taking L.H.S,
©

C C
=
D D
C( C )
=
D( D )
( &×D&)( & ×D & )
=
D( D )
& ×& ( D )
=E
D

=
( D )

Now, taking the R.H.S

( C) ( & D&) &( D)
= = = =E
( D) ( D) D

Thus, L.H.S = R.H.S

– Hence Proved
8. What least number must be subtracted from each of the
numbers 7, 17 and 47 so that the remainders are in continued
proportion?
Solution:
Let’s assume the number subtracted to be x.
So, we have
(7 – x): (17 – x):: (17 – x): (47 – x)
=

O T IS
(7-x)(47-x) =(17 − 6)
N A D
CO N
329-47x-7x+ 6 = 289 – 34x+ 6
O UC AA
T IO
PY
329-289 = -34x + 54x
20x = 40
ED PR

X=2
Therefore, the required number which must be subtracted is 2.
©
D
 Exercise 7.3

1. If a : b = c : d, prove that:
(i) 5a + 7b : 5a – 7b = 5c + 7d : 5c – 7d.
(ii) (9a + 13b) (9c – 13d) = (9c + 13d) (9a – 13b).
(iii) xa + yb : xc + yd = b : d.
Solution:

O T IS
C
(i) Given, = ,
D
N A D
CO N
C
= (Multiplying each by )
D
O UC AA
T IO
PY
C D
= (By componendo and Dividendo)
C D
ED PR

C
(ii) Given, = ,
D
©

C
= (Multiplying each by ,)
D
C D
= (By componendo and Dividendo )
C D

On cross-multiplication we have,
(9a + 13b)(9c – 13d) = (9c + 13d)(9a – 13b)
D

C
(iii) Given = ,
D
C
= (Multiplying each by )
D
C D
= (By componendo )
D
 =
C D D

=
C D D

– Hence Proved

2. If a : b = c : d, prove that:
(6a + 7b) (3c – 4d) = (6c + 7d) (3a – 4b).

O T IS
Solution:
C
Given, =
N A D
CO N
D
O UC AA
T IO
PY
C
= (Multiplying each by )
D
ED PR

C D
= (By componendo)
D

= = ............ (1)
C D D
©

C
Also, =
D
C
= (Multiplying each by 3/4)
D
C D
= (By componendo)
D

= = ............ (2)
C D D
D

From 1, 2, we have
=
C C
(6a + 7b)(3c – 4d) = (3a – 4b)(6c + 7d)
– Hence Proved
 C
3. Given, = , prove that:
D
C D
=
C C D

Solution:
C
=
D
C
= (Multiplying both by )
D
C D
=

O T IS
(By compnendo and Dividendo)
C C
N A D D

CO N
C D
= (By alternendo )
C C D
O UC AA
T IO
PY
4. If : =
R S R S
ED PR

Then prove that x: y = u: v

Solution
©

= (By alternendo)
R S R S
R S
=
R S
R S R S
= (By componendo and dividend)
R S R S
D

" "R
=
S

Thus,
R
= ⇒ x: y = u: v
S

5. If (7a + 8b) (7c – 8d) = (7a – 8b) (7c + 8d);

Prove that a: b = c: d
Solution:
The given can the rewritten as,
C D
: =
C D

Applying componendo and dividendo, we have

C D C D
: =
C D C D
C

O T IS
: =
D
C
N A D
CO N
: =
D
O UC AA
T IO
PY
6. (i) If x = ( )
, find the value of:
ED PR

: =
Solution:
©

@A
Given, x = (@
A)

⇒ =
Now, applying componendo and dividendo we have
=
D

=
@A
Again, x = (@
A)

⇒ =
Now, applying componendo and dividendo we have
=
 =
From (1) and (2), we get
+ = +

+ =

+ = =2

(ii) If a =
O T IS
T√
√
√ U
, find the value of:
N A D
CO N
√ √
+
O UC AA
T IO
PY
√ √

Solution:
√
ED PR

Given, a =
T√ √ U

√
=
√ T√ √ U
©

Now, applying componendo and dividendo we have

√ √ √ √
=
√ √ √ √
√ √ √
=
√ √ √
√
Again, a =
D

T√ √ U

√
=
√ T√ √ U

Now, applying componendo and dividendo we have

√ √ √ √
=
√ √ √ √

√ √ √
=
√ √ √
From (1) and (2), we have
√ √ √ √ √ √
+ = +
√ √ √ √ √ √

√ √ √ √ √ √ √
+ = +
√ √ √ √ √

√ √ √ √
+ = =2
√ √ √ √

O T IS
N A D
CO N
7. If (a + b + c + d) (a – b – c + d) = (a + b – c – d) (a – b + c – d),
O UC AA
T IO
PY
prove that a: b = c: d.
Solution:
Rewriting the given, we have
ED PR

C D C D
=
C D C D
Now, applying componendo and dividendo
©

( C D) ( C D) ( C D) ( C D)
(
=(
C D) ( C D) C D) ( C D)
( ) ( )
(C D)
= (C D)

=
C D C D
C D
D

=
C D
Applying componendo and dividendo again, we get
C D C D
=
C D C D
C
=
D
C
=
D
– Hence Proved
 Exercise 7.4
1. If a: b = 3: 5, find:
(10a + 3b): (5a + 2b)
Solution:
Given, =
( " )
( )

O T IS
"W X
=
W X
N A D
CO N
"W X
O UC AA
T IO
PY
=
W X

=
ED PR

=
©

2. If 5x + 6y: 8x + 5y = 8: 9, find x: y.
Solution:
= =

Given,
D

On cross multiplying, we get

45x + 54y = 64x + 40y
14y = 19x
Thus,
=
3. If (3x – 4y): (2x – 3y) = (5x – 6y): (4x – 5y), find x: y.
Solution:
Given, (3x – 4y): (2x – 3y) = (5x – 6y): (4x – 5y)
This can be rewritten as,
=

Applying componendo and dividendo,

=

=
O T IS
N A D
CO N
5x – 7y = 9x – 11y
O UC AA
T IO
PY
4y = 4x
=
ED PR

Thus,
x: y = 1: 1
©

4. Find the:
(i) duplicate ratio of 2√2: 3√5
(ii) triplicate ratio of 2a: 3b
(iii) sub-duplicate ratio of 9x2a4 : 25y6b2
D

(iv) sub-triplicate ratio of 216: 343

(v) reciprocal ratio of 3: 5
(vi) ratio compounded of the duplicate ratio of 5: 6, the reciprocal
ratio of 25: 42 and the sub-duplicate ratio of 36: 49.
Solution:
(i) Duplicate ratio of 2√2: 3√5 = (2√2)2: (3√5)2 = 8: 45
(ii) Triplicate ratio of 2a: 3b = (2a)3: (3b)3 = 8a3: 27b3
(iii) Sub-duplicate ratio of 9x2a4: 25y6b2 = Z(96 7 ): Z(25] 9 ) =
3xa2: 5y3b

(iv) Sub-triplicate ratio of 216: 343 = (216) : (343) = 6: 7

(v) Reciprocal ratio of 3: 5 = 5: 3
(vi) Duplicate ratio of 5: 6 = 25: 36
Reciprocal ratio of 25: 42 = 42: 25

O T IS
Sub-duplicate ratio of 36: 49 = 6: 7
× ×
N A D
CO N
Required compound ratio = 1:1
× ×
O UC AA
T IO
PY
5. Find the value of x, if:
(i) (2x + 3): (5x – 38) is the duplicate ratio of √5: √6.
ED PR

(ii) (2x + 1): (3x + 13) is the sub-duplicate ratio of 9: 25.

(iii) (3x – 7): (4x + 3) is the sub-triplicate ratio of 8: 27.
©

Solution:
(i) (2x + 3): (5x – 38) is the duplicate ratio of √5: √6And, the
duplicate ratio of √5 ∶ √6 = 5: 6
So,
( )
( )
=
–
D

12x + 18 = 25x – 190

25x – 12x = 190 + 18
13x = 208
"
x= = 16
(ii) (2x + 1): (3x + 13) is the sub-duplicate ratio of 9: 25
Then the sub-duplicate ratio of 9: 25 = 3: 5
( )
( )
=

10x + 5 = 9x + 39
x = 34
(iii) (3x – 7): (4x + 3) is the sub-triplicate ratio of 8: 27
And the sub-triplicate ratio of 8: 27 = 2: 3
–
=

O T IS
( )

9x – 8x = 6 + 21
N A D
CO N
x = 27
O UC AA
T IO
PY
6. What quantity must be added to each term of the ratio x: y so
ED PR

that it may become equal to c: d?

Solution:
Let’s assume the required quantity which has to be added be p.
©

So, we have
b C
=
b D

dx + pd = cy +cp
pd – cp = cy – dx
p(d-c) = cy - dx
D

C D
p=
D C
dx + pd = cy + cp
pd – cp = cy – dx
p(d – c) = cy – dx
C –D
p=
D–C
7. A woman reduces her weight in the ratio 7: 5. What does her
weight become if originally it was 84 kg?
Solution:
Let’s consider the woman’s reduced weight as x.
Given, the original weight = 84 kg
So, we have
84: x = 7: 5
=
84 x 5 = 7x
O T IS
N A D
CO N
( × )
x=
O UC AA
T IO
PY
x = 60
Therefore, the reduced weight of the woman is 60 kg.
ED PR

8. If 15(2x2 – y2) = 7xy, find x: y; if x and y both are positive.

©

Solution:
15(2x2 – y2) = 7xy

− =
D

Let.. =a

2a - =

=
307 - 15 = 7a
307 - 7a – 15 = 0
307 - 25a + 18a – 15 = 0
5a(6a-5) +3(6a-5) = 0
(6a – 5)(5a+3) = 0
a= ,-
But, a cannot be negative.
a=

O T IS
=

X: y = 5:6
N A D
CO N
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9. Find the:
(i) fourth proportional to 2xy, x2 and y2.
ED PR

(ii) third proportional to a2 – b2 and a + b.

(iii) mean proportional to (x – y) and (x3 – x2y).
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Solution:
(i) Let the fourth proportional to 2xy, x2 and y2 be n.
2xy: x2 = y2: n
2xy × n = x2 × y2

=
D

n=
(ii) Let the third proportional to a2 – b2 and a + b be n.
a2 – b2, a + b and n are in continued proportion.
a2 – b2: a + b = a + b: n
n=
( ) ( )
c = ( )(
=
)
(iii) Let the mean proportional to (x – y) and (x3 – x2y) be n.
(x – y), n, (x3 – x2y) are in continued proportion
(x – y): n = n: (x3 – x2y)
n2 = (x -y) (x3 – x2y)
n2 = (x -y) x2(x – y)
n2 = x2 (x – y)2
n = x(x – y)

O T IS
10. Find two numbers such that the mean proportional between
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them is 14 and third proportional to them is 112.
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Solution:
Let’s assume the required numbers be a and b.
Given, 14 is the mean proportional between a and b.
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a: 14 = 14: b
ab = 196
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a= …. (1)
Also, given, third proportional to a and b is 112.
a: b = b: 112
b2 = 112a …. (2)
Using (1), we have:
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b2 = 112 × (196/b)
b3 = 143 × 23
b = 28
From (1),
a= =7
Therefore, the two numbers are 7 and 28.
11. If x and y be unequal and x: y is the duplicate ratio of x + z
and y + z, prove that z is mean proportional between x and y.
Solution:
Given,
( d)
=
( d)

x(y2 + z2 + 2yz) = y(x2 + z2 + 2xz)

xy2 + xz2 + 2yzx = x2y + z2y + 2xzy

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xy2 + xz2 = x2y + z2y
xy(y – x) = z2(y – x)
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xy = z2
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Therefore, z is mean proportional between x and y.
ED PR

= e e
12. If x = , find the value of +
e e

Solution:
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x = 2ab/ (a + b)
x/a = 2b/(a + b)
Applying componendo and dividendo,
e =
=
e =
e
=
D

e
Also, x = 2ab/ (a + b)
x/b = 2a/ (a + b)
Applying componendo and dividendo, we have
=

=
Now, comparing (1) and (2) we have
+ = +

+ =

+ = =2

13. If (4a + 9b) (4c – 9d) = (4a – 9b) (4c + 9d), prove that:

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a: b = c: d.
Solution:
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Given,
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+
C D
Applying componendo and dividendo, we get
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C D
+
C D
Applying componendo and dividedo, we get
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C D C D
+
C D C D
C
=
D
C
=
D
C
=
D

D
C
=
D
– Hence Proved