ABSTRACT

This project presents the overall design of Home Automation System (HAS) with low cost and
wireless system. It specifically focuses on the development of an IOT based home automation
system that is able to control various components via internet or be automatically programmed to
operate from ambient conditions. In this project, we design the development of a firmware for
smart control which can successfully be automated minimizing human interaction to preserve the
integrity within whole electrical devices in the home. We used Node MCU, a popular open source
IOT platform, to execute the process of automation. Different components of the system will use
different transmission mode that will be implemented to communicate the control of the devices
by the user through Node MCU to the actual appliance. The main control system implements
wireless technology to provide remote access from smart phone. We are using a cloud server-
based communication that would add to the practicality of the project by enabling unrestricted
access of the appliances to the user irrespective of the distance factor. We provided a data
transmission network to create a stronger automation. The system intended to control electrical
appliances and devices in house with relatively low cost design, user-friendly interface and ease of
installation. The status of the appliance would be available, along with the control on an android
platform. This system is designed to assist and provide support in order to 1fulfil the needs of
elderly and disabled in home. Also, the smart home concept in the system improves the standard
living at home.
 1. INTRODUCTION

Internet of Things (IOT) is a concept where each device is assign to an IP address and through that
IP address anyone makes that device identifiable on internet. The mechanical and digital machines
are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without
requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. Basically, it started as the “Internet
of Computers.” Research studies have forecast an explosive growth in the number of “things” or
devices that will be connected to the Internet. The resulting network is called the “Internet of
Things” (IoT). The recent developments in technology which permit the use of wireless
controlling environments like, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi that have enabled different devices to have
capabilities of connecting with each other. Using a WIFI shield to act as a Micro web server for
the Arduino which eliminates the need for wired connections between the Arduino board and
computer which reduces cost and enables it to work as a standalone device. The Wi-Fi shield
needs connection to the internet from a wireless router or wireless hotspot and this would act as
the gateway for the Arduino to communicate with the internet. With this in mind, an internet based
home automation system for remote control and observing the status of home appliances is
designed. Due to the advancement of wireless technology, there are several different type of
connections are introduced such as GSM, WIFI, and BT. Each of the connection has their own
unique specifications and applications. Among the four popular wireless connections that often
implemented in HAS project, WIFI is being chosen with its suitable capability. The capabilities of
WIFI are more than enough to be implemented in the design. Also, most of the current
laptop/notebook or Smartphone come with built-in WIFI adapter. It will indirectly reduce the cost
of this system.

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 2. SCOPE

The aim is to design a prototype that establishes wireless remote control over a network of home
appliances. The application is designed to run on android device providing features like, switch
mode control, voice command control and a provision to view the status of the devices on the
application itself. Considering its wide range of application, following are the scope of this
prototype. The system can be implemented in homes, small offices and malls as well, being in-
charge of control of the electrical appliances. For remote access of appliances in internet or
intranet. The appliances in the above mentioned environment can be controlled in intra-network or
can be accessed via internet. The development of technology friendly environment. The system
incorporates the use of technology and making HAS. By the use of day to day gadgets we can
utilize them for a different perspective.

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 3. FEATURES OF IOT

Intelligence IOT comes with the combination of algorithms and computation, software &
hardware that makes it smart. Ambient intelligence in IOT enhances its capabilities which
facilitate the things to respond in an intelligent way to a particular situation and supports them in
carrying out specific tasks. In spite of all the popularity of smart technologies, intelligence in IOT
is only concerned as a means of interaction between devices, while user and device interaction are
achieved by standard input methods and graphical user interface

Connectivity : Connectivity empowers the Internet of Things by bringing together everyday

objects. Connectivity of these objects is pivotal because simple object level interactions contribute
towards collective intelligence in the IOT network. It enables network accessibility and
compatibility in the things. With this connectivity, new market opportunities for the Internet of
things can be created by the networking of smart things and applications

Dynamic Nature: The primary activity of Internet of Things is to collect data from its
environment, this is achieved with the dynamic changes that take place around the devices. The
state of these devices change dynamically, example sleeping and waking up, connected and/or
disconnected as well as the context of devices including temperature, location and speed. In
addition to the state of the device, the number of devices also changes dynamically with a person,
place and time

Enormous Scale: The number of devices that need to be managed and that communicate with
each other will be much larger than the devices connected to the current Internet. The management
of data generated from these devices and their interpretation for application purposes becomes
more critical. Gartner (2015) confirms the enormous scale of IOT in the estimated report where it
stated that 5.5 million new things will get connected every day and 6.4 billion connected things
will be in use worldwide in 2016, which is up by 30 percent from 2015. The report also forecasts
that the number of connected devices will reach 20.8 billion by 2020

Sensing: IOT wouldn’t be possible without sensors that will detect or measure any changes in the
environment to generate data that can report on their status or even interact with the environment.
Sensing technologies provide the means to create capabilities that reflect a true awareness of the
physical world and the people in it. The sensing information is simply the analog input from the
physical world, but it can provide a rich understanding of our complex world

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Heterogeneity: Heterogeneity in Internet of Things as one of the key characteristics. Devices in
IOT are based on different hardware platforms and networks and can interact with other devices or
service platforms through different networks. IOT architecture should support direct network
connectivity between heterogeneous networks. The key design requirements for heterogeneous
things and their environments in IOT are scalabilities, modularity, extensibility and
interoperability.

Security: IOT devices are naturally vulnerable to security threats. As we gain efficiencies, novel
experiences, and other benefits from the IOT, it would be a mistake to forget about security
concerns associated with it. There is a high level of transparency and privacy issues with IOT. It is
important to secure the endpoints, the networks, and the data that is transferred across all of it
means creating a security paradigm.

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 4. ADVANTAGES OF IOT

Communication: IOT encourages the communication between devices, also famously known as
Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication. Because of this, the physical devices are able to stay
connected and hence the total transparency is available with lesser inefficiencies and greater
quality.

Automation and Control: Due to physical objects getting connected and controlled digitally and
centrally with wireless infrastructure, there is a large amount of automation and control in the
workings. Without human intervention, the machines are able to communicate with each other
leading to faster and timely output.

Information: It is obvious that having more information helps making better decisions. Whether
it is mundane decisions as needing to know what to buy at the grocery store or if your company
has enough widgets and supplies, knowledge is power and more knowledge is better.

Monitor: The second most obvious advantage of IOT is monitoring. Knowing the exact quantity
of supplies or the air quality in your home, can further provide more information that could not
have previously been collected easily. For instance, knowing that you are low on milk or printer
ink could save you another trip to the store in the near future. Furthermore, monitoring the
expiration of products can and will improve safety.

Time: As hinted in the previous examples, the amount of time saved because of IOT could be
quite large. And in today’s modern life, we all could use more time.

Money: The biggest advantage of IOT is saving money. If the price of the tagging and monitoring
equipment is less than the amount of money saved, then the Internet of Things will be very widely
adopted. IOT fundamentally proves to be very helpful to people in their daily routines by making
the appliances communicate to each other in an effective manner thereby saving and conserving
energy and cost. Allowing the data to be communicated and shared between devices and then
translating it into our required way, it makes our systems efficient.

Efficient and Saves Time: The machine-to-machine interaction provides better efficiency, hence;
accurate results can be obtained fast. This results in saving valuable time. Instead of repeating the
same tasks every day, it enables people to do other creative jobs.

Better Quality of Life: All the applications of this technology culminate in increased comfort,
convenience, and better management, thereby improving the quality of life.

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 5. APPLICATION GROUNDS OF IOT

• Wearable: A wearable technology is a hallmark of IOT applications and is one of the

earliest industries to have deployed IOT at its services. Fit Bits, heart rate monitors, smart
watches, glucose monitoring devices reflect the successful applications of IOT.
• Smart homes: This area of application concerned to this particular project, so a detailed
application is discussed further. Jarvis, an AI home automation employed by Mark
Zuckerberg, is a remarkable example in this field of application.
• Health care: IOT applications have turned reactive medical based system into proactive
wellness based system. IOT focuses on creating systems rather than equipment. IOT
creates a future of medicine and healthcare which exploits a highly integrated network of
sophisticated medical devices. The integration of all elements provides more accuracy,
more attention to detail, faster reactions to events, and constant improvement while
reducing the typical overhead of medical research and organizations

• Agriculture: A greenhouse farming technique enhances the yield of crops by controlling

environmental parameters. However, manual handling results in production loss, energy
loss, and labour cost, making the process less effective. A greenhouse with embedded
devices not only makes it easier to be monitored but also, enables us to control the climate
inside it. Sensors measure different parameters according to the plant requirement and send
it to the cloud. It, then, processes the data and applies a control action.

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• Industrial Automation: For higher returns of investment this field requires both fast
developments and quality of products. This vitality thus coined the term IIOT. This whole
schematic is re-engineered by IOT applications.

Following are the domains of IOT applications in industrial automation -

• Factory Digitalization

• Product flow Monitoring

• Inventory Management

• Safety and Security

• Quality Control

• Packaging optimization

• Logistics and Supply Chain Optimization

• Government and Safety: IOT applied to government and safety allows improved law
enforcement, defence, city planning, and economic management. The technology fills in
the current gaps, corrects many current flaws, and expands the reach of these efforts. For
example, IOT can help city planners have a clearer view of the impact of their design, and
governments have a better idea of the local economy.

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