WELCOME TO TODAY'S CLASS / TODAY'S AGENDA

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ACTIVITY NO. 4
OBSERVING
MICROORGANISMS

MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY

 OBJECTIVES
CLASS OBJECTIVES AND RULES / EXPECTATIONS AND OUTCOMES

STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY

prepare and observe wet amount sliders and hanging drop slides
recognize different types of microbes in stained and unstained
preparation.
distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms

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 MATERIALS
OBSERVING MICROORGANISMS
WELCOME TO TODAY'S CLASS / TODAY'S AGENDA

Microscope 01

MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY

Glass slides 02

Cover Slip 03

Inoculating Loop 04

Alcohol Lamp 05

Bacterial Cultures 06

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 MATERIALS
OBSERVING MICROORGANISMS
WELCOME TO TODAY'S CLASS / TODAY'S AGENDA

Depression Slide 07

MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY

Pond Water 08

Hay Infusion 09

Prepared slides for; 10

a. Algae
b. Bacteria
c. Protozoa
d. Fungi
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 PROCEDURES:
CLASS OBJECTIVES AND RULES / EXPECTATIONS AND OUTCOMES

HANGING DROP METHOD WET MOUNT TECHNIQUE

Use depression slide Use glass slide

MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY

Place water on each quadrant of cover Hay infusion goes directly on the
slip center of the slide
Hay infusion is placed on the center of Cover slip goes on top of the hay
cover slip infusion
Place cover slip on the curved side of the Clean excess liquid
depression slide
Flip upside down

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 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY
IS EVERYTHING CLEAR?

BEFORE WE START
Differentiating Bacteria, Algae, Protozoa, and Fungi

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 MICROORGANISMS

MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY

RECAP OF TODAY'S CLASS

BACTERIA ALGAE FUNGI PROTOZOA

Single-celled Photosynthetic Eukaryotes absorb Single-celled eukaryotes,

prokaryotic organisms, from nutrients from their classified by movement,
microorganisms, unicellular to surrounding Some are free living,
Asexual reproduction, multicellular, Mainly environment, some are parasitic, Plays
May be helpful or aquatic organisms, Reproduction by spores, a role in nutrient cycling
harmful. essential for the including molds, yeasts and predation.
production of oxygen. and mushrooms.

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 BACTERIA

SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS / LAMFORD SCHOOL

LOOK AT THE EXAMPLES

Escherichia coli Neisseria catarralis Vibrio coma

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 LOOK AT THE EXAMPLES

Nostoc

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Anabaena
ALGAE

Volvox

SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS / LAMFORD SCHOOL

 LOOK AT THE EXAMPLES

Euglena

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ALGAE

Chlamydomonas
Oscillatoria

SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS / LAMFORD SCHOOL

 LOOK AT THE EXAMPLES

Amoeba

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Paramecium
PROTOZOA

Plasmodium vivax

SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS / LAMFORD SCHOOL

 LOOK AT THE EXAMPLES

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Aspergillus
FUNGI

Rhizopus

SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS / LAMFORD SCHOOL

COMPARISON OF EACH MICROORGANISMS
 What is/are the characteristic/s common to each group of organisms
observed?

Bacteria
Unicellular group of organisms that sometimes has the presence of flagella/ cilia
used for motility. Is usually around 0.5-1μm in size and has no nucleus.
(Prokaryotes).

Fungi
Unicellular or filamentous group of organisms that are non-motile and
reproduce by means of spores. The presence of the nucleus is also observed.
(Eukaryptic)
 What is/are the characteristic/s common to each group of organisms
observed?

Algae
Group of organisms that may be unicellular or multicellular. Algae uses cilia as
means of motility and shows the presence of nucleus. (Eukaryotic)

Protozoa

Unicellular group of organisms that exhibits the use of flagella and cilia to
move and has the presence of the nucleus. (Eukaryotic)
Of the organisms observed, which group was the largest? Which group was
the smallest?

Among the observed organisms, protozoa were the largest group of

microorganisms ranging in size from 1-50 μm.
In contrast, bacteria, characterized by their unicellular nature, were the
smallest, measuring between 0.5 and 1 μm.
 What are the three forms of bacteria that you have observed?

1. Bacilli - Escherichia coli (E. coli) is rod-shaped (bacillus) and displays

peritrichous flagella, visible under the microscope as rod-shaped cells
with flagella.
2. Cocci - Neisseria catarralis appears as cocci, often in pairs (diplococci),
and lacks flagella, presenting spherical cells in pairs when observed
microscopically.
3. Vibrio - Vibrio coma, characterized by its comma shape (vibrio), often
has a single polar flagellum, contributing to its motility.
Microscopically, it appears as curved or comma-shaped cells with a
polar flagellum.
What are the three forms of bacteria that you have observed?

Other forms of bacteria that

we can observe:
 What are the three forms of locomotive organs found in microorganisms?

Microorganisms exhibit various forms of motility organs, including:

(a) flagella, (b.) cilia, (c.) pseudopods.

A. Flagella are long whip-like appendages that extend from the cell surface. Flagella rotate
to propel microorganisms through a fluid environment.

B. Cilia are short hair-like structures that cover the surface of some microorganisms. They
beat in a coordinated manner to produce movement, either by propelling the organism
forward or by generating an electrical current for feeding.

C. Pseudopodia, meaning "false feet," are temporary extensions of the cell membrane and
cytoplasm of an amoeba organism. The pseudopods extend and retract in a flowing manner,
allowing the creature to crawl or engulf prey.
 What are the three forms of locomotive organs found in microorganisms?

Fun Fact: Fungi has their own kind of transportation which is called Hyphae.
Different Types of Flagella
 What is the most common characteristic of algae?

Algae are photosynthetic organisms found in aquatic environments with cell

walls made of cellulose. They reproduce sexually and asexually, exhibit
different morphologies, and play a vital role in ecosystems as primary
producers. They are sensitive to environmental changes and can serve as
indicators of environmental health.
What is the importance of these microorganisms in our lives and in nature?

Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and algae are vital for life
on Earth, recycling essential elements like oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and
sulfur. Bacteria decompose dead organisms, aiding nutrient release and
digestion. Protozoa regulate bacteria, treat wastewater, and enhance soil
fertility. Fungi decompose organic matter, enriching soil nutrients for plant
growth. Algae, through photosynthesis, generate oxygen, providing 30 to 50
percent of the oxygen for humans and animals. Together, these
microorganisms sustain ecosystems and nutrient cycles, ensuring life's
continuity on Earth.
 CONCLUSION

The hanging drop slide technique to prepare living microorganisme involve

using cleaned and dried cover clip with drops of Water on each quadrant and
hay infusion on the middle making sure that the hay infusion gets in the
curved side of the depression slide, and then flipped upside down.

On the other hand, wet mount technique involves Placing on drop of hay
infusion on a clean slide, cover with cover with cover slip and clean off the
excess liquid, to be examined on the HPO.

After the slides are prepared it is visible that bacteria has no presence of
nucleus and are prokaryotes, Algae uses cilia to move Photosynthetic, and are
eukaryotes. Fungi have no cilia or flagella, has presence of nucleus, and are
eukaryotes. Lastly, Protozoa have flagella and cilia, presence of nucleus and
are eukaryotes.