Shareef
Shareef
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Internship report on “ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND
MACHINE LEARNING”, is Bonafide work done by SHAIK ACCHUKATLA
MAHABOOB SHAREEF (Regd. No.: 22P15A0207) in the Department of
“ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING”, and submitted to
Chadalawada Ramanamma Engineering College (Autonomous), Tirupati under my guidance
during the Academic year 2023-24.
GUIDE HEAD
Ms.VYSHNAVI GOGULA(M.Tech,Ph.D) Dr. J.SRINU NAIK
Assistant professor Professor
Department of EEE Department of EEE
INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First, I would like to thank our chairman sir Dr. CHADALAWADA KRISHNA
MURTHY for the facilities provided to accomplish this internship.
I am very much thankful to dean (academics) Dr. C. SUBHAS for his continuous
support in academics.
I would like to extend my thanks to our Head of the Department Dr. J.SRINU NAIK
for his constructive criticism throughout my internship.
I would like to thank my guide Ms.VYSHNAVI GOGULA(M.Tech,Ph.D) for her guidance and
support.
I would like to thank the Director of YBI Foundation, Dr. ALOK YADAV for allowing
me to do an internship within the organization.
I also would like all the people that worked along with me YBI Foundation, Delhi with
their patience and openness created an enjoyable working environment.
I am extremely great full to my parents, department staff members, and friends who
helped me in the successful completion of this internship.
It is indeed with a great sense of pleasure and immense sense of gratitude that I
acknowledge the help of these individuals.
Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are becoming
increasingly useful in various domains. Here we give a review of their application in various
computer systems. The ubiquity of applications in AI and ML are fostered by an increase in
availability of data, advances in computing technology, and new robust techniques. Unlike
the present trend of Deep Learning approaches, here we present techniques that can be applied
to a variety of applications without huge training data requirements. In this paper, we show
how Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence methods are applied in various domains in
computer systems, including those of networks and operating systems. In summary, AI solves
tasks that require human intelligence while ML is a subset of artificial intelligence that solves
specific tasks by learning from data and making predictions. This means that all machine
learning is AI, but not all AI is machine learning. In today's world, technology is growing
very fast, and we are getting in touch with different new technologies day by day here, one of
the booming technologies of computer science is Artificial Intelligence which is ready to
create a new revolution in the world by making intelligent machines the Artificial Intelligence
is now all around us. It is currently working with a variety of subfields, ranging from general
to specific, such as self-driving cars, playing chess, proving theorems, playing music,
painting, etc.
WEEKLY OVERVIEW OF INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES
2. GOALS OF AI 2
3. INTRODUCTION OF ML 7
4. 2 Unsupervised Learning 9
5. ARCHITECTURE OF ML 12
Advantages of AI&ML 18
Applications of AI&ML 19
6. CONCULSION 21
REFERENCES 22
LIST OF THE FIGURES
2.1 Disciplines of AI 2
3.2 Statements 5
3.3 Indentation 5
3.4 Tokens 7
5.1 Architecture of ML 13
5.3 Applications of AI 22
5.4 Applications of ML 23
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
1.
INTRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Artificial Intelligence tutorial provides an introduction to ai which will
help you to understand the concepts behind artificial intelligence. In this
tutorial, we have also discussed various popular topics such as history of ai,
applications of ai, deep learning, machine learning, natural language
processing, reinforcement learning, q-learning, intelligent agents, various
search algorithms, etc. The figure 1.1 shows the overview of Artificial
Intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence
With the help of AI, you can create such software or devices which can
solve real-world problems very easily and with accuracy such as health
issues, marketing, traffic issues, etc.
With the help of AI, you can create your personal virtual assistant, such as
Cortana, google assistant, Siri, etc.
1. Proving a theorem
2. Playing chess
3. FUNDAMENTALS OF PYTHON
Statements:
Python statements are nothing but logical instructions that interpreters can read and
execute. It can be both single and multiline. There are two categories of statements
in python:
Expression statements
Assignment statements
Assignment statement allows a variable to hold different types of values during its
program lifespan. The types of statements is shown in figure 3.2.
Indentation:
Unlike most programming languages python uses indentation to mark a
block of code. Indentation is shown in the figure 3.3.
According to python style guidelines or pep8, you should keep an indent size
of four.
Comments:
Comments are nothing but tagged lines of in codes which increases the
readability of the code and make the code self-explanatory. Comments in
Python are the lines in the code that are ignored by the interpreter during the
execution of the program. Comments enhance the readability of the code and
help the programmers to understand the code very carefully. There are three
Types of comments in Python:
Multiline Comments
Docstring Comments
Variables:
A variable is a memory address that can change and when a memory address
cannot change then it is known as constant. Variable is the name of the memory
location where data is stored. Once a variable is stored then space is allocated
in memory. It defines a variable using a combination of numbers, letters, and
the underscore character.
Tokens:
Tokens are the smallest unit of the program. There are the following
tokens in python. Tokens is shown in figure 3.4.
Identifiers
Literals
Operators
Introduction of ML
Reinforcement Learning
In Supervised learning, you train the machine using data which is well “labeled”. It
means some data is already tagged with the correct answer. It can be compared to
learning which takes place in the presence of a supervisor or a teacher.
The main goal of the supervised learning technique is to map the input variable(x)
with the output variable(y). differences. Machines are instructed to find the hidden
patterns from the input dataset. Now, the machine is well trained, so it will check all
the features of the object, such as height, shape, colour, eyes, ears, tail, etc., and find
that it's a cat. Supervised learning is shown in figure 4.2.
Game is the environment, moves of an agent at each step define states, and
the goal of the agent is to get a high score.
Data Pipeline:
Evaluation:
Once the training systems leverage the data and (hopefully) learn best
practices, data scientists must evaluate the training results.
Interaction:
Data Orchestration:
Between training, application, and data intake, it’s critical that data and
operations move and act in the best interests of the system. An orchestration
infrastructure helps automate the coordination of these different components
for maximum efficiency.
3. Decision Tree
4. SVM
5. Naïve Bayes
6. KNN
7. K-Means Clustering
Logistic regression is like linear regression in that the goal is to find the
values for the coefficients that weight each input variable. Unlike linear
regression, the prediction for the output is transformed using a nonlinear
function called the logistic function.
The logistic function looks like a big S and will transform any value into
the range 0 to 1. This is useful because we can apply a rule to the output of the
logistic function to snap values to 0 and 1 (e.g. IF less than 0.5 then output 1)
and predict a class value.
node is used to represent the features of the dataset, branches show the
decision rules, and leaf nodes represent the outcome of the problem.
support vector machine or SVM is a supervised learning algorithm that can also
be used for classification and regression problems. However, it is primarily.
Used for classification problems. The goal of SVM is to create a hyperplane or
decision boundary that can segregate datasets into different classes.
P(A|B) =P(B|A) P(A)/P(B) Naïve Bayes classifier is one of the best classifiers that
provide a good result for a given problem. It is easy to build a naïve Bayesian model,
and well suited for the huge amount of dataset. It is mostly used for text
classification.
It is also known as the lazy learner algorithm as it stores all the available
datasets and classifies each new case with the help of K-neighbours. The new
case is assigned to the nearest class with most similarities, and any distance
function measures the distance between the data points.
Random forest is the supervised learning algorithm that can be used for
both classification and regression problems in machine learning. It is an
ensemble learning technique that provides the predictions by combining the
multiple classifiers and improve the performance of the model.
It contains multiple decision trees for subsets of the given dataset, and
find the average to improve the predictive accuracy of the model. A random
forest should contain 64-128 trees. The greater number of trees leads to higher
accuracy of the algorithm. To classify a new dataset or object, each tree givthe
classification result and based on the majority votes, the algorithm predicts the
final output.
Machine Learning can review large volumes of data and discover specific
trends and patterns that would not be apparent to humans. For instance, for an
With ML, you don’t need to babysit your project every step of the way.
Since it means giving machines the ability to learn, it lets them make
predictions and also improve the algorithms on their own. A common example
of this is anti- virus software’s; they learn to filter new threats as they are
recognized. ML is also good at recognizing spam.
Continuous Improvement:
Machine Learning algorithms are good at handling data that are multi-
dimensional and multi-variety, and they can do this in dynamic or uncertain
environments.
Advantages of Artificial Intelligence:
High reliability: AI machines are highly reliable and can perform the
same action multiple times with high accuracy.
Every technology has some disadvantages, and the same goes for artificial
intelligence. Being so advantageous technology still, it has some disadvantages
which we need to keep in our mind while creating an ai system. Following are
the disadvantages of AI.
Can't think out of the box: Even we are making smarter machines with
AI, but still they cannot work out of the box, as the robot will only do that work
for which they are trained, or programmed This can mean additional
requirements of computer power for you.
Speech Recognition:
2. Robotics
3. Health care
4. Text Analysis
5. Video Games
6.CONCLUSION
this paper embarks on unrevealing the nuances of this synergy and sets
the stage for the transformative chapters yet to unfold. However, the day-to-day
development of AI is making it a comfortable technology, and people are
connecting with it more. Therefore, we can conclude that it is a great
technology, but each technique must be used in a limited way in order to be
used effectively, without any harm.
REFERENCES
[2] Machine Learning. Tom Mitchell. First Edition, McGraw- Hill, 1997.
[5] https://www.datasciencecentral.com
[6] https://towardsdatascience.com