DAY OF THE CHAPTER TEST

Chapter 1 Workbook
COMPLETE AND RETURN IT TO MR. LLUPO ON THE

NAME: ___________________________________________
Section 1.1 Review - Sustainability
Multiple Choice

1. Which component of an ecosystem is abiotic? 6. The diagram below shows a wetland ecosystem.
a. bear Which list contains only biotic components of the
b. grasshopper ecosystem?
c. maple tree
d. mushroom
e. soil

2. Which feature is a biotic component of an

ecosystem?
a. bacteria
b. nutrients
c. rocks
d. soil
e. water

3. Which term describes the interaction between

members of two different species that live in a
close association?
a. competition
b. decomposition a. duck, aquatic plants, water
c. eutrophication b. duck, fish, aquatic plants
d. predation c. rocks, clouds, fish
e. symbiosis d. rocks, duck, water
e. water, clouds, rocks
4. Which is an example of two organisms competing
for the same resources? 7. Which term describes the rocky, abiotic part
a. coyotes and river otters of Earth?
b. dandelions and grass a. atmosphere
c. mushrooms and trees b. biosphere
d. river otters and crabs c. ecosphere
e. river otters and frogs d. hydrosphere
e. lithosphere
5. Which term describes the regions of Earth where
living organisms exist? 8. Which term best describes a chemical that is
a. atmosphere essential to living things and is cycled through
b. biosphere a system?
c. ecosphere a. biosphere
d. hydrosphere b. biotic component
e. lithosphere c. ecosystem
d. eutrophication
e. nutrient

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Section 1.1 Review - Sustainability
Multiple Choice

For each question below, select the best answer.

9. The diagram below illustrates the water cycle. 12. Which is an example of an aquatic ecosystem?
Through which process does water move into the a. a coniferous forest
atmosphere? b. a desert
c. a freshwater pond
d. a prairie
e. a tropical rainforest

13. Which process is a way that human activities alter

nutrient cycles?
a. Organisms are buried by sediment for millions of
years and form fossil fuels.
b. Rocks that contain phosphorus break down during
weathering.
c. Soil bacteria convert nitrogen into ammonium.
d. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide
into the atmosphere.
e. Water from the ocean evaporates to form water
a. condensation vapour.
b. evaporation
c. ground water flow 14. Decomposition is an important part of which nutrient
d. precipitation cycle(s)?
e. run-off a. carbon and water
b. nitrogen and water
10. In which cycle does the burning of fossil fuels c. phosphorus and nitrogen
move a material from the lithosphere into the d. carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus
atmosphere? e. nitrogen, phosphorus, and water
a. carbon
b. nitrogen 15. Which term best describes the series of processes
c. oxygen through which matter and energy move among
d. phosphorus Earth’s spheres?
e. water a. aquatic ecosystem
b. biosphere
11. Which step of the nitrogen cycle occurs only in c. eutrophication
aquatic ecosystems? d. nutrient cycle
a. Cyanobacteria convert nitrogen into e. terrestrial ecosystem
ammonium.
b. Soil bacteria convert nitrogen into ammonium. 16. Which action has reduced the impact of human
c. Soil bacteria convert ammonium into nitrate. activities on ecosystems?
d. Ammonium enters the ecosystem when humans a. banning non-essential pesticide use
fertilize soil. b. burning fossil fuels
e. Nitrates enter the ecosystem when humans c. increasing the global human population
fertilize soil. d. mining Earth’s surface for phosphate rocks
e. using manufactured fertilizer on fields

MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 5

Section 1.1 Review - Sustainability
Written Answer .

17. What is an ecosystem?

18. What is the difference between an ecosystem and a sustainable ecosystem?

19. How does availability of water affect the sustainability of an ecosystem?

20. The diagram on the right shows a forest ecosystem.

a. Which of the components labeled in the diagram are biotic?

b. Which of the components labelled in the diagram are abiotic?

21. Why are nutrients considered to be an abiotic component of an ecosystem?

22. Give an example of predation in an aquatic ecosystem.

23. How is predation different from competition?

24. Describe an example of symbiosis.

6 MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 978-0-07-031851-9

Section 1.1 Review - Sustainability
Written Answer

25. The table below describes three interactions among organisms in an ecosystem. Identify each interaction as
symbiosis, competition, or predation.
Interactions among Organisms

Type of Interaction Description of Interaction

a. A coyote hunts a river otter.

b. Dandelions block light that grass needs to survive.

Mushrooms increase the area that tree roots cover.

c.
Mushrooms get food, in the form of sugar, from trees.

d. Red squirrels and chipmunks both eat nuts.

e. Swallows hunt insects.

f. Great horned owls and foxes eat mice.

26. What are the four main spheres that make up Earth?

27. What is the difference between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere?

28. Describe how part of the water cycle overlaps with parts of the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles.

29. Summarize the carbon cycle.

30. Summarize the process of eutrophication.

31. Identify two actions that scientists and governments took to control the impacts of phosphorus on the Great Lakes and
other Canadian waterways.

32. What is an environmental farm plan?

MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 7

Section 1.2 Review - The Biosphere and Energy
Multiple Choice

For each question below, select the best answer.

1. Which is the main source of energy in the 4. What are the two products of photosynthesis?
biosphere? a. glucose and oxygen
a. bacteria b. oxygen and water
b. biomass c. glucose and water
c. plants d. water and carbon dioxide
d. the Sun e. oxygen and carbon dioxide
e. water
5. Which ecosystem is responsible for generating the
2. By which process do plants convert solar energy most oxygen?
into chemical energy? a. temperate forests
a. bioaccumulation b. deserts and semi-deserts
b. biomagnification c. tundra
c. eutrophication d. oceans
d. nuclear reaction e. savanna
e. photosynthesis
6. Which category of organisms forms the lowest, or
3. Which chemical equation correctly illustrates the first, trophic level?
process of photosynthesis? a. primary consumers
b. primary producers
c. secondary consumers
a. d. tertiary consumers
e. decomposers

b. 7. Which trophic level is made up of herbivores?

a. primary producers
b. primary consumers
c. secondary consumers
c. d. tertiary consumers
e. decomposers

8. Which category of organisms has the lowest biomass?

d.
a. primary producers
b. primary consumers
c. secondary consumers
e. d. tertiary consumers
e. decomposers

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Section 1.2 Review - The Biosphere and Energy
Written Answer

9. How does the Sun generate energy?

10. What substance in plants and some micro-organisms allows those organisms to convert sunlight into glucose?

11. State two reasons why photosynthesis is essential for the biosphere.

12. Match the terms herbivore, carnivore, top carnivore, and plant with the proper trophic levels—tertiary consumer,
producer, secondary consumer, and primary consumer.

13. Explain why biomass and energy decrease from one trophic level to the next.

14. The diagram below shows a food pyramid. Based on the diagram, approximately what percentage of energy is lost
as energy moves from one trophic level to the next?

15. What are bioaccumulation and biomagnification?

16. Describe how the use and banning of DDT and PCBs affected birds in the Great Lakes area.

MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 9

Section 1.3 Review - Extracting Energy from Biomass
Multiple Choice

For each question below, select the best answer.

1. Which process requires oxygen? 6. Which substance is the most acidic?

a. acid precipitation a. ammonia, pH 12
b. cellular respiration b. baking soda, pH 8.5
c. eutrophication c. pure water, pH 7
d. fermentation d. rain water, pH 5.5
e. photosynthesis e. vinegar, pH 3

2. From which substance do organisms get energy 7. The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement in which
through cellular respiration? signing countries work to reduce
a. carbon dioxide a. acid precipitation
b. chlorophyll b. eutrophication
c. glucose c. greenhouse gas emissions
d. oxygen d. recycling efforts
e. water e. sulfur dioxide emissions

3. Which chemical equation correctly illustrates the 8. The graph below shows the amount of sulfur
process of cellular respiration? dioxide emitted by Canada and Ontario between
a. 6CO2 + 6O2
C6H12O6 + 6H2 O + energy 1990 and 2005. What is the lowest amount of
b. C6H12O6 + energy

6CO2 + 6O2 + 6H2O sulfur dioxide produced by Ontario during that
c. 6H2 O + 6CO2 + energy


6O2 + C6 H12O6 15-year period?
d. C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6H2 O + energy
e. C6H12O6 + 6CO2


6O2 + 6H2O + energy

4. Which gas is a greenhouse gas?

a. argon
b. carbon dioxide
c. hydrogen
d. nitrogen
e. oxygen

5. Which substance is a gaseous fuel that can be

harvested from a landfill?
a. biomass
b. carbon dioxide a. 3100 kt
c. coal b. 2500 kt
d. methane c. 2400 kt
e. petroleum d. 1100 kt
e. 500 kt

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Section 1.3 Review - Extracting Energy from Biomass
Written Answer

9. How do greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere heat the planet?

10. Use a Venn diagram to compare and contrast fossil fuels and cellular respiration.

11. What process has caused the enhanced greenhouse effect?

12. Use data from the graph to describe how the

concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has
changed since before the Industrial Revolution began.

13. How can recycling help reduce carbon dioxide emissions?

14. Summarize the process that forms acid precipitation.

15. How do bacteria in a landfill generate methane?

16. Identify one effect of acid precipitation on a terrestrial ecosystem and one effect of acid precipitation on an aquatic
ecosystem.

MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 11

Chapter 1 Review - Nutrient Cycles and Energy Flow
Multiple Choice

For each question below, select the best answer.

1. Which interaction is an example of competition? 6. Which diagram shows the trophic levels in order
a. A mushroom grows next to a tree. from lowest trophic level to highest tropic level?
b. A red-tailed hawk hunts a rabbit.
a.
c. A spider spins a web to catch flying insects.
d. Brainworms infect a moose.
e. Two species of fish try to occupy the same
space.
b.
2. In which nutrient cycle does carbon dioxide play an
important role?
a. carbon cycle
b. nitrogen cycle
c. oxygen cycle c.
d. phosphorus cycle
e. water cycle

3. Which sphere includes all of the water on Earth,

including liquid water, ice, and water vapour? d.
a. atmosphere
b. biosphere
c. ecosphere
d. hydrosphere
e. lithosphere e.

4. Which elements make up carbohydrates?

a. carbon, hydrogen, and phosphorus
b. carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen 7. Which process is part of the water cycle?
c. carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen a. biomagnification
d. oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen b. cellular respiration
e. oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus c. fermentation
d. photosynthesis
5. Which process results in the build-up of toxins in e. precipitation
an organism’s body because the organism ingests
toxins at a faster rate than it eliminates them? 8. Which process can lead to acid precipitation?
a. bioaccumulation a. bioaccumulation
b. competition b. cellular respiration
c. evaporation c. evaporation
d. fermentation d. fossil fuel combustion
e. predation e. photosynthesis

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Chapter 1 Review - Nutrient Cycles and Energy Flow
Written Answer

9. If trophic efficiency is about 10 percent, calculate the amount of energy that reaches a secondary consumer if the
producer contains about 4237 units of energy.

10. How do landfills generate electrical energy for homes in Ontario?

11. The diagram below shows the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in a plant leaf. Why do you think
cellular respiration is the dominant process at night, whereas photosynthesis is the dominant process during the day?

12. Explain the principle of biomagnification by using the relationships between members of the first three trophic levels.

13. How does learning how ecosystems function help government officials make decisions about social policies, such as
urban planning and energy policies?

14. Explain the differences among herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores.

15. How do plants use sunlight to generate energy for life processes?

16. Compare and contrast producers and consumers.

MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 13

Chapter 1 Review - Nutrient Cycles and Energy Flow
Written Answer

17. Compare the greenhouse effect and the enhanced greenhouse effect.

18. Draw a diagram that summarizes the process of cellular respiration.

19. The graph below shows the level of acidity that can be tolerated by several species in an aquatic ecosystem. If frogs eat
mayflies, what will happen to the frog population if the water pH reaches 5.0? Explain your answer.

20. Explain how fossil fuels and acid precipitation are related.

21. Freshwater organisms can survive in water that has a pH between 6.5 and 8.5. The acidity of most streams, lakes, and
ponds falls within this range. Acid precipitation has a pH between 4.0 and 5.5. How could a small amount of acid
precipitation affect the sustainability of a large lake?

22. Predict what would happen to the population of producers and consumers if a large quantity of fertilizer were added to an
aquatic ecosystem. Explain your answer.

23. Evaluate the importance of laws and government initiatives in maintaining sustainable ecosystems in Canada.

24. Identify which of your daily activities involve the use of phosphorus-based detergents or nitrogen-based fertilizers. Then,
write a short summary of some ways in which you could change your daily activities to reduce the amount of these
substances that are released into your ecosystem.

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Chapter 1 Review - Nutrient Cycles and Energy Flow
Written Answer
25. Think about an ecosystem, such as a prairie ecosystem, a forest ecosystem, or a pond ecosystem in your area. Make a
table with the headings “Biotic” and “Abiotic.” Give your table a title. Then, list the components of the ecosystem that
belong to each category.

26. Prepare an explanation about the differences between the lithosphere and the biosphere.

27. Describe an initiative and suggest actions you and your classmates can take to support the initiative.

28. Flowcharts can be used to represent food chains that contain producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers,
and tertiary consumers.
a. Draw a flowchart that begins with phytoplankton and ends with a tertiary consumer.
b. Draw a flowchart that begins with a primary producer and ends with an eagle.
c. Draw a flowchart that begins with a primary producer, ends with a secondary consumer,and includes an omnivore.

29. Imagine that an ecologist is studying the declining population of shore birds in an Ontario wetland ecosystem. The
ecologist discovers a high concentration of a certain chemical in the bodies of the shore birds. The wetland is
surrounded by farmlands and industrial companies that use a variety of chemicals to grow crops and manufacture
products. How could the ecologist use the principle of bioaccumulation to trace the source of the chemical

30. Suppose you are a scientist monitoring the levels of a certain chemical in the tissues of organisms in a river. The
chemical is entering the river from a nearby industrial plant. The diagram below shows data on the concentration of
the chemical in various organisms in parts per trillion (ppt). What biological process is occurring in this food chain?
Explain your answer.

31. Make an illustration that explains how deforestation, cutting down large areas of trees and not replacing them by
planting more trees, affects the sustainability of a forest ecosystem and of the biosphere.

32. Make a pamphlet that explains how recycling reduces carbon dioxide emissions. Include information about what types
of materials can be recycled and some statistics about recycling programs in your area.

MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 15