Overview of

Standard 189.1-
189.1-2009 for
High--Performance,
High
Green Buildings
Tom Lawrence,
Lawrence Ph.D.
Ph D P.E.,
P E LEED-
LEED-AP
[email protected]

Introduction and greetings from the

University of Georgia

Green Buildings Overview,

Standard 189 - 2
 Copyright Materials
„ Copyright ©2009 by the American Society of
Heating,
g Refrigerating
g g and Air-
Air-Conditioning
g
Engineers (ASHRAE). All rights reserved.

„ No part of this presentation may be reproduced

without written permission from ASHRAE, nor
may any part of this presentation be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means
(electronic, photocopying, recording or other)
without written permission from ASHRAE.

ASHRAE Standard 189.1

„ Overview of proposed ASHRAE Standard
189.1 for “High-
“High
High-Performance, Green
Buildings”
- What is it?
- Why have it?
- Highlights
Hi hli ht

4
 Sponsors and Project Committee
„ Consensus process
„ Sponsor and co
co--sponsors:
- ASHRAE (American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air
Air--Conditioning Engineers)
- USGBC (U.S. Green Building Council)
- IESNA (Illuminating Engineering Society of
North America)
„ Project committee:
35 voting members;
variety of disciplines,
industries & organizations
5

Standard 189.1: Intent

„ What Standard 189.1 is:

- a standard
d d
- applies to all buildings except low-
low-rise residential
buildings (same as ASHRAE Std 90.1)
- intended for adoption
p into model building
g codes
„ What Standard 189.1 is not:
- not a design guide
- not a rating system
Even if not adopted by your local authorities,
this Standard is an indication of future industry trends
 Standard 189.1: Relation to
Other ASHRAE Standards
90.1
90.1(current
(currentversion)
version) 62.1 (current version)

Adapt, with
modifications
Adapt,
Adapt
with minor
modifications

55 (current version)

Adapt

Section 2 - Purpose
“The purpose of this standard is to provide
minimum requirements
q for the siting
siting,
g, design,
g
construction, and plans for operation of high
performance, green buildings to:
(a) balance environmental responsibility,
resource efficiency, occupant comfort and well
being,
being and community
comm nit sensitivity,
sensiti it and
(b) support the goal of development that
meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs.”
needs
needs...”

8
 Organization and What it Covers
„ Si il to other
Similar h ASHRAE standards
d d and
d LEED

Standard 189.1 Basic Structure

For Each Section
„ x.1: Scope
„ x 2: Compliance
x.2:
„ x.3: Mandatory
(
(required
i d for
f allll projects)
j t )
„ x.4: Prescriptive path
(simple option, minimal choices,
very few calculations)
„ x.5: Performance path
((more sophisticated,
p , flexibility,
y, but
more effort)
10
 Highlights of Standard 189.1
Ch t 5 - Sites:
Chapter Sit
„ Discourages unmitigated sprawl

„ Prohibited development activity

- Flood plains, wetlands, fish & wildlife habitat
„ Other areas that are addressed:
- Amount of impervious surface area [max % of
totall site to be
b impervious - Prescriptive]
Prescriptive]
- Urban heat island [shaded or higher solar
reflective index materials]
- Light “pollution” limitations
[max lumens per site,
backlight and glare limits]
11

Chapter 6 – Water Use Efficiency

Mandatory Provisions
„ Site water use:
use: bio-
bio-diverse plantings for
60% of improved landscape, hydrozoning
& smart irrigation controllers

12
 Chapter 6 – Water Use Efficiency
Mandatory Provisions
„ Building water use:use:
(§6.3.2.1) plumbing fixtures & fittings per
U S EPA WaterSense or ASME Standards,
U.S. Standards
with specific limit on flow amount or rate
(§6.3.2.2)
6 3 2 2) appliances per U.S.
U S EPA
EnergyStar,, with water use factor for
EnergyStar
dwelling unit or public access

13

Chapter 6 – Water Use Efficiency

Mandatory Provisions (cont.)
„ HVAC Systems (§ (§6.3.2.3)
6
6.3.2.3):
3 2 3):
3):
- Subsystem metering above thresholds
- Cooling tower cycles of concentration
limit, efficient drift eliminators
- Condensate collection from units >19 kW
(65,000
( , Btu/h)
/ )
Annual condensate collection
Georgia: ~12.6 gal/cfm Outdoor air
or about 100 liters water/(l/s)
Iowa: ~6.1 gal/cfm OA
Sacramento: ~1.3 gal/cfm OA 14
 Chapter 6 – Water Use Efficiency
Mandatory Provisions (cont.)
„ Roofs (§
(§6.3.2.4)
6
6.3.2.4):
3 2 4):
4):
- NO potable water spray on roofs for thermal
conditioning or watering vegetation

15

Chapter 6 – Water Use Efficiency

Mandatory Provisions (cont.)
„ Consumption measurement:
measurement:
Measurement devices with remote
communication to data management system
(with storage and retrieval capability)
- Leased spaces totaling 50,000
50 000 ft² (5000 m²)
- Heavy use (> 1000 gal/day) leased areas
regardless of size (e
(e.g.,
g laundry)
„ Metering of water source(s) and primary
water use systems above threshold use rate
16
 Chapter 6 – Water Use Efficiency
Metering

17

Chapter 6 – Water Use Efficiency

Prescriptive Option
„ Site Water Use (
(§§6.4.1)
6.4.1):
):
- Limitations on potable water for irrigation
¾ Maximum of 1/3 of total landscaped area
(except golf courses, no potable water use)
¾ Can exclude dedicated athletic fields for
schools, residential common areas, public
recreation facilities
¾ Allow for plant establishment
period
¾ Use municipal reclaimed water
if available within 200 ft 18
 Chapter 6 – Water Use Efficiency
Prescriptive Option
„ Building
g Water Use (§
(§6.4.2)
6.4.2):
):
- Cooling Towers Based on water quality

Makeup Water
>200 mg/l hardness

YES NO
3½ cycles for water 5 cycles for water

Exception: Maximum blowdown

concentration of 1,500 mg/l total
dissolved solids or 150 mg/l silica

19

Chapter 6 – Water Use Efficiency

Performance Option
„ Site water use reduction:
reduction:
Potable water for irrigation
<35% of landscapep water demand (based
(
on Eto)
Eto)
„ Building use:
use:

Proposed use < [mandatory + prescriptive]

20
 Energy – Chapter 7

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Energy
gy – General Highlights:
g g
„ Basic goal 30% lower than Standard 90.1-
90.1-
2007 INCLUDING PROCESS
„ Appendix G from Standard 90.1 is
incorporated as a Normative Appendix
„ Metering for verification

„ Peak load reduction

„ Other areas increase stringency

g y beyond
y
Standard 90.1
22
 ASHRAE Energy Goals
„ ASHRAE goal to have net-
net-zero energy and
carbon by 2030
36000
Energy Reduction Proposal
yr)
nergy (kBtu/y

Standard 90.1
En

AEDG

ASHRAE BOD Goal

Standard 189
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Year

23

General Compliance Path(s)

24
Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

„ Mandatory
y Requirements:
q
- On-
On-site renewable power ((§ §7.3.2)
Provisions for future installation with
minimum rating of 3.7 W/ft²
W/ft² (13
(13 Btu/hr
Btu/hr--ft
ft²)
²)
[40 W/m²]
W/m²] x roof area in ft²ft² [m²]
E
Exception
ti ffor areas with
ith low
l incident
i id t solarl
(4.0 kWh/m2/day), account for local shading

25

26
 Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)
Energy – Mandatory (cont.):
„ Remote or automatic reading meters
(§7.3.3) criteria based on size
- Energy
E sources (T
(Table
bl 7.3.3-
7.3.3
7 3 3-1)
- Key systems (Table 7.3.3-
7.3.3-2)
„ Meters communicate to central recording
y
system
„ Data storage for minimum 36 months

Exception: Residential portions of buildings complying with this Standard

27

Energy Metering Thresholds

28
Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Prescriptive Option (General)

„ From DOE Study –
Std. 189.1 30.2% lower than
Standard 90.1-
90.1
90 1-2007
(9% due to renewables)
renewables)
Average EUI = 50 kBtu
kBtu/ft
/ft²²
„ Standard 189.1 builds
from 90.1-
from 90.1-2007…

29

· Higher in heating
dominated climates
· 9% from renewable
energy

30
 Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)
Prescriptive Option
„ Prescriptive Option: Renewable Energy

- On
On--site renewable energy system with
“6 kBtu
kBtu/ft
/ft²²‐yr [20 kWh/m²‐
kWh/m²
kWh/ ²‐yr]”
]”
Exception (meet both of these):
- Low incident solar regions (4.0 kWh/m²/day)
kWh/m²/day)
or account for local buildings, topography
- Purchase
P h off green power iin terms off
“7 kWh/ft²-
kWh/ft²-yr [75 kWh/m²
kWh/m²--yr]” annually until
cumulative purchase of 70 kWh/ft²-
kWh/ft²-yr
[750 kWh/m²-
kWh/m²-yr]
31

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Prescriptive
P i i Option
O i (Building
(B ildi Envelope)
E l )
„ Comply with Standard 90.1, Section 5 with
modifications
difi ti …
„ Replaces Table 5.5
5.5--1 thru 8 on building envelope
in 90.1,
90 1 for example: (§7.4.2)
7 4 2)

32
 Climate Zones

33

Corresponding International

34
 Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)
(§7.4.2)
7 4 2)
Prescriptive Option (Building Envelope)
„ Example comparisons:

Example:
Climate zone 3 Std 90
90.1
1 Std 189
189.1
1
Insulation above deck R
R--20 Î R-25
„ M
More stringent
ti t SHGC R=3 5 (SI) R=4
R=3.5 R=4.4
4

Example for <40% window area:

Climate zone 5
Std. 90.1: 0.40
Std 189
Std. 189.1:
1 0.35
0 35 all
ll orientations
i t ti
35

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Prescriptive Option (Building Envelope)
„ Vertical fenestration
<40% gross wall area
(§7.4.2.4))
„ Overhang: PF >0.5
(§7.4.2.5))
Exception for
cases with <250
hours per year
direct sunlight
- Permanent projections: west, east & south
- Climate zones 1-
1-5 36
 Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)
Prescriptive Option (Building Envelope)
„ SHGC Multipliers
(different than Std 90.1)
(§7.4.2.6)
7 4 2 6)

37

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Prescriptive Option (Building Envelope)
„ Fenestration area and SHGC complies
p with
(§7.4.2.9)

Exception
Buildings
adjacent to
or shaded by
other
buildings

38
 Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)
Prescriptive Option (Building Envelope)
„ Continuous air barrier requirement
(§7.4.2 10)
„ Complies with Normative Appendix B to
control air leakage in and out
„ Detailed
D t il d on construction
t ti documents
d t
„ Not required for semi-
semi-heated spaces that
comply with Std. 90.1 Section 5.4.3.1
(defines areas of envelope to be sealed, caulked,
gasketed
k t d or weather-
weather
th -stripped)
ti d)
39

§7.4.3 HVAC
General Concept:
90.1 (current version)
Based on Standard 90.1, but
90.1 ((current version))
modify to gain improved
energy performance over
code minimum standards
Adapt, with
modifications
 §7.4.3 HVAC
„ Brief mention of modifications to Std. 90.1
- §7.4.3.1
7 4 3 1 Minimum equipment efficiency
Either use equipment with efficiencies of:
- EPAct baseline → more on-
on-site renewable and
peak load reduction, OR
- Higher efficiency levels
Greater of the efficiency per Energy Star (if
applicable)
pp ) or Tables C 1-
1-15.
Includes new definition of chiller efficiency
formula from ARI Standard test conditions

41

§7.4.3 HVAC
„ §7.4.3.2 Lowers occupancy threshold for
demand--controlled ventilation (DCV)
demand
90.1
90.1(current
(currentversion)
version)

Standard 90.1-2007:
90 1 2007: 40 people/100 m²
and area >50 m²

25 people/ 100 m
m²

If with CO2 sensors,

install p
per §
§8.3.1.2.3

Note: Type of DCV

used is not specified in
Std. 189.1
42
 §7.4.3 HVAC
„ §7.4.3.3 Duct sealing level A everywhere

„ §7.4.3.4 Expanded economizer

requirement Standard 90.1
90 1
- Exempted 3A and 4A
- Capacity > 65,000 Btu/h
(19 kW)

- Rooftop units <5 tons: two stage (first stage

economizer then second stage adds mechanical)
- VAV supply air temp reset by at least 5º
5º F (3º C)
43

§7.4.3 HVAC

„ More on Economizers
- Limits
Li it on total
t t l capacity
it off systems
t without
ith t
economizers If req’d, max. capacity without economizer
= 480,000 Btu/h or 140 kW

- Less flexibility on high limit shutoff control

44
 §7.4.3 HVAC
„ §7.4.3.4 Expanded economizer req’t
Based on IEER part-load efficiency,
- Exceptions: or full load EER / SEER

¾ Water cooled units with heat transferred with

building (water-
(water-source heat pumps) and less
than 54,000 Btu/hr (16 kW) capacity

45

§7.4.3 HVAC
„ §7.4.3.5 Zone controls for limit on reheat
- Volume reheated
reheated, re-
re-cooled or remixed not to
exceed design OA flow rate or 15% of total
peak
p supply
pp y
„ §7.4.3.6 Fan power limits
- 10%

46
 §7.4.3 HVAC
„ §7.4.3.7 System controls
- 2 stages for DX >65
>65,000
000 Btu/h (19 kW)
kW),
- Air handling or fan coil units with CHW
coils
il and
d >5 hp
h (3.7
(3 7 kW) motort have
h
reduced fan speed option
1. ½ of full fan speed

2. Volume of outdoor air p per Std. 62.1

- Single zone, DX units > 110,000 Btu/hr
(32 kW) supply fans 2 2--speed or VSD

47

§7.4.3 HVAC
„ §7.4.3.8 Expand energy recovery req’t

- 60% energy recovery effectiveness (enthalpy)

- Provisions to bypass to allow air economizing
48
 §7.4.3 HVAC

„ §7.4.3.9 Kitchen hoods add variable

speed (significant impact on energy)
„ §7.4.3.10 and .11 Minimum duct and
pipe insulation increased (Tables C-
C-9,
10 and 11))
„ §7.4.3.12 Unoccupied hotel/motel
>50 guest rooms

49

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Prescriptive Option (cont.)
„ §7.4.5
7 4 5 Power
- Peak load reduction
Reduce peak capacity of the building
through demand-
demand-limiting or load
shifting
g measures ((5%))

50
 Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)
Prescriptive Option (Lighting)
„ Interior lighting power to be 10% less
than ASHRAE Standard 90.1
(§7.4.6.1)
7 4 6 1)
„ Occupancy sensor controls
(§7.4.6.2)
7 4 6 2)
- Offices <250 ftft²² (25 m²)
m²)
- Classrooms, lecture, training,
conference or meeting rooms
(<1000 ft
ft²² or 100 m²)

51

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Prescriptive Option (Lighting)
„ (§7.4.6.3)
7 4 6 3) Occupancy sensor control to
reduce power to <50% for:
- Hotel,
Hotel motel hallways
- Storage stack aisles
- Library
Lib stacks
t k
Exception: HID lit areas
< 0.8
0 8 W/ft²
W/ft² or 8 W/m²
„ Egress lighting control,
< 0.1
0 1 W/ft2 (1 W/m²
W/m
W/ ²)
Additional allowed if w/ auto shut-
shut-off 52
 Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)
Prescriptive Option (Lighting)
„ Auto
Auto--controls for daylight zones,
zones
outdoor lighting (§7.4.6.5)
- Continuous dimming,
dimming or
- Stepped switching with
auto--off
auto

53

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

§7.5 Performance Based Option:

„ Demonstrated equivalent performance in
both energy cost and CO2 equivalent
compared to if using the Prescriptive path
Proposed ≤ Mandatory +
Prescriptive Path
Using
i Normative
i Appendix
di D
“Performance Option for Energy
Efficiency”
Efficiency

54
 Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Performance Based Option:

§7.5.4 Annual Load Factor/
Peak Electric Demand
„ Same or less peak electric demand as if
following
g the prescriptive
p p path
p
„ Minimum annual electrical load factor
of 0
0.25
25

55

Indoor Environmental Quality

„ Mandatory Key Items to

ASHRAE members:
- Outdoor airflow
- Tobacco smoke control
- Outdoor air monitoring
monitoring
- Filtration and air cleaning

Refers to and modifies

56
 Indoor Environmental Quality
§8.3.1 IAQ
„ Minimum ventilation design outdoor airflow
rate per Standard 62.1, using Ventilation
Rate Procedure
„ Outdoor air delivery monitoring
- Permanently mounted,
direct outdoor airflow measurement
±15% of minimum outdoor airflow
- CO2 monitoring
i i instead
i d if system
serves only densely occupied spaces
- Constant
C t t volume
l air
i supply,
l damper
d position
iti
feedback allowable instead
57

Indoor Environmental Quality

„ §8.3.1.3 Filtration
- (a) Particulates - Minimum MERV 8 upstream
of cooling coils, MERV 13 when project located
in “non-
“non-attainment” area for PM2.5
( d f and
(Modifies d strengthens
h Std.
d 62.1 §6.2.1.1))
- (b) Ozone cleaners for outdoor air in building
projects located in non-
non-attainment areas for
ozone. (Ozone removal efficiency = 40%, per Std.
62.1 §6.2.1.2)
- (c) Filter frames, air cleaner racks, access
doors sealed to eliminate bypass
yp pathways
p y

58
 Indoor Environmental Quality

„ §8.3.1.4
E i
Environmental
t l Tobacco
T b Smoke
S k
Control
- No smoking inside, with signage
- No smoking within 25 feet (7.5 m) of
entrance, outdoor
d air
i iintakes
k or
operable windows

59

Indoor Environmental Quality

Oth Mandatory:
Other M d t
„ Thermal Comfort
- Comply with Std. 55
Sections 6.1 and 6.2
(D i and
(Design d
Documentation)
„ M t systems
Mat t att
building entrances
„ Envelop acoustical
design (sound
(sound
transmission rating
criteria) 60
 Indoor Environmental Quality
Prescriptive Option (§
(§8.4)
8.4)::
„ Side daylighting

„ Office space shading (glare)

„ Low emitting materials

61

Indoor Environmental Quality

Performance Option ((§§8.5):

8.5):
„ Daylighting simulation
- Office space and classrooms
- Minimum illuminance target:
300 lux (30 fc)
fc) on work surfaces in 75% of
daylight zone,
zone at noon equinox
„ Direct sun limitation on office worksurface
„ Di t sunlight
Direct li ht on worksurface
k f <20% off
occupied hours on equinox day
(worksurface = 2.4 feet [0.75 m] above floor)

62
 Indoor Environmental Quality

Performance Option ((§§8.5):

8.5):
„ Modeling for individual VOC concentrations
for each material used, sum total to show
compliance with California
CA/DHS/EHLB/R--7174 (CA Section 1350)
CA/DHS/EHLB/R

63

Building’s Impact on Atmosphere,

Materials and Resources (§
(§ 9)
Mandatory Items Key to ASHRAE:
„ Construction waste management
- Divert 50% of non-
non-hazardous waste,
demolition debris (not counting soil, land
clearing)
- Off
Off--site storage and sorting
is allowed
- Limit
Li it on total
t t l waste
t
generated per floor area

64
Building’s Impact on Atmosphere,
Materials and Resources (§
(§ 9)
Mandatory Items Key to ASHRAE:
„ No CFCs; fire suppression systems
contain no ozone depleting
p g
substances (CFCs, HCFCs , Halons)
Halons)
„ Storage collection of
Storage,
recyclable materials,
discarded fluorescent
lamps and ballasts

65

Construction and Operation Plans

OVERVIEW

All Mandatory Provisions:

„ §10.3.1
10 3 1 Construction
„ §10.3.2 Plans for Operation

66
 Construction and Operation Plans
OVERVIEW
§10.3.1 Construction
„ Building acceptance testing

„ Commissioning g
„ Erosion and sediment control

„ Indoor air quality

„ Moisture control

„ Construction vehicles

67

Requirements Concerning
Construction
„ §10.3.1.1 Building Acceptance Testing
„ Activities prior to permit, and prior to
p
occupancy y
„ Designate representative to oversee
„ Construction documents indicate who does
what
„ M h i l systems,
Mechanical t lighting,
li hti
renewable energy, energy &
water
t measure d devices
i
68
Construction Requirements (cont.)
§10.3.1.2 Building Project
Commissioning g
„ Full commissioning for
>500 m m² (5,000 ft
ft²))
- HVAC, building envelope, lighting, irrigation,
plumbing, domestic water, renewable energy
„ Designate CxA Doing full Cx
process also
p
„ Develop OPR and Basis of Design satisfies the
Building
„ Design reviews at 50% and ‘final’ Acceptance
construction documents Test
requirements
69

Construction Requirements (cont.)

§10.3.1.4 IAQ Construction Mgmt
„ Develop and implement an IAQ
Construction Management Plan, to include:
- Air conveyance materials
- Permanent HVAC not used during construction,
except for startup testing
- Flush
Flush--out or baseline IAQ monitoring

70
 Construction Requirements (cont.)
IAQ Construction Management
„ Post
Post--construction,
construction pre
pre--occupancy
1. Flush
Flush--out: Temp >60º
>60º F (15 C), RH ≤60%

¾ Filtration if Air Quality Forecast >100

¾ Occupancy at ‘½ flush’ possible 71

Construction Requirements (cont.)

IAQ Construction Management
„ Post
Post--construction,
construction pre
pre--occupancy
1. Flush
Flush--out: Temp >60
>60ºº F (15°
(15° C)
C),, RH ≤60%

2. Baseline IAQ Monitoring for 34 contaminants

(next slide sample list)
1 sample point per 25,000 ft²
ft² (2,500 m²) or
each contiguous floor area

72
 §10.3.2 Plans for Operation

1. High Performance Building Operation

- Site Sustainability
- Water Use Efficiency
- Energy Efficiency
- Indoor Environmental Q
Qualityy
2. Maintenance
3
3. Service Life
4. Transportation Management

73

Compare Standard 189.1 to LEED

„ Std. 189.1:
- Improvement in all
„ V l
Voluntary vs. topical areas
mandatory - Pushes the envelope 74
 More Information
„ Information on ASHRAE standards:
www.ashrae.org then follow
“Standards”, includes listserv for
Standard 189.1
„ Information on USGBC programs:
www.usgbc.org
b
„ Information on IESNA p
programs:
g
www.iesna.org

Thank you!
„ Comments, questions, concerns, advice …

Dr. Tom Lawrence, P.E., LEED-

LEED-AP
[email protected]

76