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Grammar Book 1

This document provides information on the use of pronouns, adjectives, verbs and other parts of speech in the English language. It discusses the use of pronouns like this, that, these and those to refer to things near or far from the speaker. It also covers topics like possessive adjectives, imperative sentences, plural nouns, affirmative and negative forms of verbs, and the use of prepositions like at, in, on for time and place. The document is a reference for different elements of English grammar.

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Safaa Altmeme
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31 views54 pages

Grammar Book 1

This document provides information on the use of pronouns, adjectives, verbs and other parts of speech in the English language. It discusses the use of pronouns like this, that, these and those to refer to things near or far from the speaker. It also covers topics like possessive adjectives, imperative sentences, plural nouns, affirmative and negative forms of verbs, and the use of prepositions like at, in, on for time and place. The document is a reference for different elements of English grammar.

Uploaded by

Safaa Altmeme
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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It +is+ a + (noun)

It is a book. It’s a table.


It is a pen. It’s a car.
It is a pencil. It’s a house.
It’s a chair.
They are used to refer to
person(s), thing(s) or
event(s) near / far to you,
especially compare with
another.
Near Not Near
Singular this that
This is a book.
That’s a door.
This is a picture.
That’s a notebook.
This is a window.
Singular

 Questions
Singular
Person he, she
Thing It
Near Not Near
What’s this? What’s that?
What’s this? This is a car.
What’s this? That’s a desk.
What’s this? It’s a window.
What is it? That’s a pencil.
What’s that? It’s a number.
Possessive Adjectives

Personal Possessive
I my
You your
This is my pen.
That’s your chair.
This is your picture.
That’s my car.
This is your book.
That’s my book.
That’s your notebook.
Imperative sentences are
used to give commands,
make polite requests, and
give directions. (The
difference between a
command and a request lies
in the speaker’s tone of voice
and the use of please.)
Command
Open the door!
Request
Open the door please.
Direction
Insert ¢ 25.
The simple verb form is used in
imperative sentences. The
understood subject of the
sentence is YOU.

( You ) Close the window.


(You) Open the door, please.
(You) Wait for me.
(You) Insert ¢ 25.
Negative Form: DON’T + VERB +…

Don’t wait for me.


Don’t sit down, please.
Please don’t stand up.
Don’t walk on the grass, please.
Don’t be late!
That’s her book.
This is his car.
What’s that? That’s her house.
What’s this? This is his pen.
What’s that? This is her picture.
What’s this? That’s his notebook.
Possessive Adjectives
Personal Possessive
He his
She her
They are used to refer
to person(s), thing(s)
or event(s) near / far
to you, especially
compare with another.
Near Not Near
Plural these those
These are books.
Those are doors.
These are pictures.
Those are notebooks.
These are windows.
To make most nouns plural, add –s.
bird birds
sweet sweets
rose roses
book books
table tables
car cars
chair chairs
pen pens
pencil pencils
Plural
 Question
Singular Plural
Person he, she they
Thing it they
The plural for he or she
is: they
The plural for it is:
they
Near Not Near
What are these? What are those?

What are these? They are cars.


What are those? They are desks.
What are these? Those are pens.
What are these? These are tapes.
Affirmative with BE
 Full Form
 Contracted Form
Full Form Contracted Form
I am I’m
You are You’re
He is He’s
She is She’s
It is It’s
We are We’re
They are They’re
 Affirmative

 Information Questions
I ‘m a teacher.
She ‘s a doctor.
You’re a mechanic.
They’re barbers.
We’re cooks.
What are you? I’m a teacher.
What’s he? He’s a barber.
What’s she? She’s a doctor.
What are they? They’re mechanics.
What are we? You’re pilots.
A
 AN
A speaker uses a with a singular count noun
when he/she is making a generalization, when the
speaker is talking about something that is not
specific.
A is used before a noun beginning with a
consonant sound.
a dog a table a chair a house
a mechanic a pencil a *university
a banana a watch a car

* university begins with a


consonant sound.
A speaker uses an with a singular count noun
when he/she is making a generalization, when the
speaker is talking about something that is not
specific.
AN is used before a noun beginning with a vowel
sound.
an apple an egg an excellent house
an umbrella an exact an *honest
an answer an *hour an envelope

*honest and *hour begin with a


vowel sound.
 THE
THE: is used in front of a singular
count noun:
the dog, the banana, the university,
the egg

THE: is used in front of a plural count


noun:
the dogs, the bananas, the universities,
the eggs
THE: it is used when the speaker
and the listener are thinking about
the same specific thing(s) or
person(s).

the dog, the book, the chair, the


university, the house, the mechanic
THE: it is used when the speaker
mentions a noun the second time.
 NEGATIVE
There are two negative forms:
1. 2.
I’m not I’m not
You’re not You aren’t
He’s not He isn’t
She’s not She isn’t
It’s not It isn’t
We’re not We aren’t
They’re not They aren’t
It’s not a pencil. It isn’t a pencil.
They’re not tables. They aren’t tables.
We’re not doctors. We aren’t doctors.
She’s not a cook. She isn’t a cook.
I’m not a student. I’m not a student.
You’re not a barber. You aren’t a
barber.
Am
Is + subject + …..?
Are
Is he a student? Are they mechanics?
Are those books? Is she happy?
Is it late? Are these barbers?
Is that a desk? Are they pencils?
I am.
you are.
he is.
Yes, she is.
it is.
we are.
they are.
(1) (2)
I am not. I am not.
you aren’t. You’re not.
he isn’t. He’s not.
No, she isn’t. She’s not.
it isn’t. It’s not.
we aren’t. We’re not.
they aren’t. They’re not.
 TIME
 PLACE
AT IN ON
six o’clock the morning Saturday
midnight the afternoon Monday morning
Christmas the evening Christmas Day
the weekend December January 16
noon summer Reforma Street
night 1985 23rd Avenue
232 Street two weeks’ time time
home Africa
Rome
The box is on the table.
The book is in the box.
The map is on the wall.
The students are in the class.
My English class is at 7 o’clock in the
morning.
My house is on 34th Street.
She lives at 23-45 Mariscal Ave. Zone 6.
MORE PREPOSITIONS

next to in front of between to


under inside before from
behind outside after with

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