COURSEPACK (Fall 2024-25)

SCHEME

The scheme is an overview of work-integrated learning opportunities and gets students out into the real
world. This will show what a course entails.

Course Title Computer Networks Course Theory

Type
Course Code R1UC401T Class B. Tech
Activity Credits Credit Hours Total Number Assessment in
of Classes per Weightage
Lecture 3 3 Semester
Instruction Tutorial

Practical
0 0

Theory
delivery

study
Self-

SEE
CIE
Practical 0 0
Self-study 0 0
Total 3 3 445 0 0 50% 50
5 %
Course Lead Munish Khanna Course Coordinator Mr. Hridesh Pauchauri and
Mr. Vibhor Gupta
Theory

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Names Munish Khanna
Course Hridesh Pauchauri
Instructors Vibhor Gupta
Tarun Maini
Aanjey Mani Tripathi
Arvind Dagur
Pragya Srivastava
Brijesh Kumar Singh
Vimal Kumar
Damodharan D.
Azath Mohaamed Hussain
Harshvardhan Choudhary
D. Salangai Nayagi
Ajeet Singh
C. Rajesh Babu
Nand Kumar Jyotish
Maheshwari Niranjan
Alok Katiyar
Suman Devi
Nidhi Sharma

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 COURSE OVERVIEW
A computer network is a set of computers connected together for the purpose of sharing
resources. The most common resource shared today is connection to the Internet. Other
shared resources can include a printer or a file server. This course will introduce the student
to the basic concepts involved in the design and implementation of a computer networks. This
course deals with all the fundamentals of computer network. It deals with various network
models, types and OSI layers. This course provides uses of computer network, role of seven
OSI layers etc. Students will be made familiar to the important modules, services, protocols
and layers of OSI and TCP/IP models. At the end of the course, the students will be able to
build an understanding of the fundamental concepts of computer networks, advanced
networking concepts, network standards & protocols, basics of mobile phone networks and
network security etc.

PREREQUISITE COURSE

PREREQUISITE COURSE No
REQUIRED
If, yes please fill in the Prerequisite Prerequisite course name
Details. course code

COURSE OBJECTIVE
1. To facilitate students understanding of networking basic concepts, an overview of OSI and TCP/IP model
and data transmission type and media. To impart knowledge about the network models and architectures.
2. To introduce the students with the mechanism of Routing algorithms and Congestion control schemes.
3. To strengthen the concept of TCP, HTTP, other major protocols and basic introduction of Cryptography
4. To introduce the fundamental concepts relevant to performance of various routing protocols and design
of routing protocol.
5. To impart knowledge on designing and building a complete networking solution as per the requirement
of an organization

COURSE OUTCOMES(COs)

After the completion of the course, the student will be able to:

CO No. Course
Outcomes
CO1 Develop knowledge about basic concepts like physical structure of computer network, OSI
reference model, services and role of each layer of OSI model and TCP/IP, networks devices
and transmission media.
CO2 Understanding of various protocols of Datalink layer. Gain the knowledge of the error
detection and correction techniques.

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 CO3 Develop the knowledge about routing algorithms and congestion control techniques.
Describe the functions of Network Layer i.e. Logical addressing, subnetting & Routing
Mechanism. Understand the Port addressing, Connection Management, Error control and
Flow control mechanism in network at transport layer.
CO4 Explain the services offered by session and presentation layer.

CO5 Explain the different protocols used at application layer i.e. HTTP, SNMP, SMTP, FTP, and
TELNET . Basic understanding of cryptography, Encryption and Decryption.

BLOOM’S LEVEL OF THE COURSE OUTCOMES

Bloom's taxonomy is a set of hierarchical models used for the classification of educational learning
Objectives into levels of complexity and specificity. The learning domains are cognitive, affective, and
Sycho motor.
THEORY
Remember Understand Apply Analyse Evaluate Create
CO No. KL1 KL 2 KL 3 KL 4 KL 5 KL 6
CO1 √ √
CO2 √ √
CO3 √ √
CO4 √ √
CO5 √ √

PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs): AS DEFINED BY CONCERNED THE APEX BODIES

PO1 Computing Science knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics,
statistics, computing science and information science fundamentals to the solution of
complex computer application problems.

PO2 Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze
complex computing science problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first
principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and computer sciences.

PO3 Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex computing

problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs
with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural,
societal, and environmental considerations.

PO4 Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge

and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation
of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.

PO5 Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern computing science and IT tools including prediction and modeling to
complex computing activities with an understanding of the limitations.

PO6 IT specialist and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent

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responsibilities relevant to the professional computing science and information science
practice.

PO7 Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional

computing science solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.

PO8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of the computing science practice.

PO9 Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.

PO10 Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with

the IT analyst community and with society at large, such as, being able to
comprehend and write
effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions.

PO11 Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding

of the computing science and management principles and apply these to one’s own work,
as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary
environments.

PO12 Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.

PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOME (PSO):

The students of Computer Science and Engineering shall:

PSO1: Have the ability to work with emerging technologies in computing requisite to
Industry 4.0.

PSO2: Demonstrate Engineering Practice learned through industry internship and

research project to solve live problems in various domains

COURSE ARTICULATION MATRIX

The Course articulation matrix indicates the correlation between Course Outcomes and Program
Outcomes and their expected strength of mapping in three levels (low, medium, and high).

CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
1 3 1 - 2 2 - - - - - - 2 1 -
2 1 2 1 1 - - - - - - - 1 -
3 2 2 2 3 1 - - 2 - - - 2 1 1
4 2 1 1 1 2 - - - - - - - 1 2
5 2 2 1 3 - - - - - - - 2 1 2
AVG. 2 2 1 2 1 - - <1 - 1 1 1 1 1
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 Note: 1-Low, 2-Medium, 3-High

COURSE ASSESSMENT
The course assessment patterns are the assessment tools used both in formative and summative
examinations.

Assessment Pattern for Integrated (Blended) Course:

CI Total Marks
E Final Marks
Type of Course (B)
IA1 CIE*0.5+SEE*0.5
MTE IA2 CIE SEE

THEORY 25 50 25 100 100 100

COURSE CONTENT

THEORY

Introduction: Evolution of computer networks, Goals and Applications of Networks, Protocol layering,
Reference models (OSI & TCP/IP), Network standardization. The Physical Layer: Theoretical basis for
data communication (Digital Transmission: Signal, Types of Signals and Its parameters), Transmission
media: Guided and Unguided media. The Data Link Layer: Data link layer design issues, Switching
(circuit, message, and packet), Multiplexing (FDM, WDM, and TDM). Error detection and correction
techniques. Data Link Protocols: Framing, Character and Bit-Oriented Protocols, Simplex and Stop and
Wait Protocols. Sliding window protocols, Example data link protocols - HDLC and PPP. Multiple access
protocols, IEEE standard 802.3 & 802.11 for LANS and WLANs. The Network Layer: Connecting devices
- repeater, hubs, bridge, switch, and router. Routing algorithms: Distance Vector Routing, Link State
Routing, Hierarchical Routing, Broadcast Routing and Multicast Routing. Congestion control
algorithms: General Principles of Congestion Control and Congestion Control and Prevention Policies.
Leaky Bucket Algorithm, Token Bucket Algorithm and Resource Reservation. Internet Protocol:
Introduction to IPv4 Addressing, Subnetworks and Subnetting, IPv4 protocol Packet Format, IPv4 vs
IPv6. Transport layer: User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)- Services
and Features, TCP Connection Management –Establishment and Termination, TCP Window
Management. Integrated Services. Functions of Session and Presentation Layers. Application Layer:
Domain Name Space (DNS), Electronic mail, SMTP, FTP, Telnet, HTTP, & WWW. Network Security:
Basic Security Model and its component, Security parameters, Basic understanding of Cryptography,
Introduction to Encryption and Decryption.

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LESSON PLAN FOR THEORY COURSES
FOR THEORY 15 weeks * 3 Hours = 45 Classes) (1credit = 1Lecture Hour)

Session Topics Skills to be Learned

1. Preamble

Evolution of computer networks, Goals and

2.
Applications of Networks, Protocol layering
Reference models
3.
(OSI)
TCP/IP, Network standardization Understanding basics of
4.
computer networks and
The Physical Layer: Theoretical basis for data introduction to OSI model and
5.
communication TCP/IP model Understanding of
6.
Digital Transmission: Signal, Types of Signals and different cabling and data
Its parameters transmission in physical
Transmission media: Guided and Unguided media layer.
7.

The Data Link Layer: Data link layer design

8.
issues, Switching (circuit, message, and packet),
Multiplexing (FDM, WDM, and TDM).
9.

Error detection techniques

10.

11. Error correction techniques

Data Link Protocols: Framing, Character and Bit-
12.
Oriented Protocols,
Simplex and Stop and Wait Protocols. Understand the different
13. processes, methodology and
protocols working on datalink
14.
Sliding window protocols layer.
15.
Data link protocols - HDLC and PPP.
16.
Multiple access protocols
IEEE standard 802.3 & 802.11 for LANS and
17.
WLANs.
18. The Network Layer: Connecting devices -
repeater, hubs, bridge, switch, and router.
19. Understand the different
Routing algorithms: Distance Vector Routing
processes, methodology and
20. Link State Routing protocols and routing
Hierarchical Routing algorithms working on
21.
network layer.
22. Broadcast Routing and Multicast Routing

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 23. Congestion control algorithms: General
Principles of Congestion
Control and Congestion Control and Prevention
24. Policies
25. Leaky Bucket Algorithm
26. Token Bucket Algorithm and Resource
Reservation. Know how to control
27. Introduction to IPv4 Addressing congestion in network. In-
Subnetworks and Subnetting depth knowledge if IP and IP
28. addressing, Understanding of
29. IPv4 protocol Packet Format, TCP and UDP
30 IPv4 vs IPv6. Numerical on IPv4 and IPv6 and
subnetting
31 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
32 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)- Services and
Features
33. TCP Connection Management –Establishment and
Termination,
34. TCP Window Management. Integrated Services.
35. Understanding the services and Functionalities
offered by Session Layer.
Understanding of Session
36. Session Layer continued. Introduction to Layer and Presentation Layer
presentation Layer.
37. Understanding the services and Functionalities
offered by Presentation Layer.
38. Application Layer: Domain Name Space (DNS),
Electronic mail (SNMP)
39. SMTP, Telnet and FTP
Different protocols and the
40. HTTP and WWW services working at application
41. Network Security: Basic Security Model and its layer. Introduction to
component, Security parameters. cryptography and network
42. Basic understanding of Cryptography, Encryption security.
and Decryption
43. Revision/Numericals/BackUp
44. Revision/Numericals/BackUp
45. Revision/Numericals/BackUp

BIBLIOGRAPHY

◻ Text Book
◻ Behrouz A. Forouzan, Data Communication and Networking”, 6th edition, TMH, 2023
◻ A. S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, 4th Ed, Pearson India

◻ Reference Books
◻ W. Stallings, Data and Computer Communication, Macmillan Press

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 ◻ J. F. Kurose and K. W. Ross, Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, 3rd Ed, Pearson
India, 2005
◻ L. Peterson and B. S. Davie, Computer Networks: A Systems Approach, 4th Ed, Elsevier India,
◻ S. Keshav, An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking, 1st Ed, Pearson India, 1999.
◻ William Stallings, “Cryptography and Network Security”, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003

◻ Webliography
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/computer-network-tutorials/
• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/data_communication_computer_network/dcn_q
uick_guide.htm

◻ NPTEL/MOOCs Certification
• 1. https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/cec19_cs07/preview
• 2. https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/106/105/106105183/

PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING

Exercises in Problem-based Learning (Assignments)

Q1.a, Compare Connection oriented and connectionless service.

b. Explain the functions and protocols and services of each layer?

Q2. What are the major components of an optical communication system?

Q3. a) Explain about the Guided transmission Medias in computer networks?

b) Briefly explain about the public switched telephone networks

Q4. Write about network software & hardware

Q5. Discuss about a) Computer applications

b) Features of LAN, MAN, WAN

Q6. With a neat diagram describe in detail about the Network architecture.
Q7.Explain in detail about a) Data Link Layer and Network Layer
b) Physical Layer
Q8. Distinguish between point-to-point links and multi point links. Give relevant diagrams
Q9. Discuss various types of networks topologies in computer network.

Q10. Explain the ISO-OSI model of computer network with a neat diagram
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 Q11 Consider the following subnet masks-
a) 255.0.0.0
b) 255.128.0.0
For each subnet mask, find-
1 Number of hosts per subnet
2 Number of subnets if subnet mask belongs to class A
3 Number of subnets if subnet mask belongs to class B

Q12 If WAN link is 2 Mbps and RTT between source and destination is 300 msec, what would be the optimal
TCP window size needed to fully utilize the line?

Q13 Suppose host A sending a large file to host B over a TCP connection. The two end hosts are 10 msec apart
(20 msec RTT) connected by a 1 Gbps link. Assume that they are using a packet size of 1000 bytes to transmit
the file. For simplicity, ignore ack packets. At least how big would the window size (in packets) have to be for
the channel utilization to be greater than 80%?

Q14 A TCP machine is sending windows of 65535 B over a 1 Gbps channel that has a 10 msec one way delay?

Q15 For the following IP Addresses-

1. 10.15.20.60
2. 130.1.2.3
3. 150.0.150.150
4. 200.1.10.100
5. 220.15.1.10
6. 250.0.1.2
Identify the Class, Network IP Address, Direct broadcast address and Limited broadcast address of each IP
Address.

Q16 A Host with IP Address 200.100.1.1 wants to send a packet to all the hosts in the same network. Find the
following:
a) Source IP Address
b) Destination IP Address

Q17 What is the network ID of the IP Address 230.100.123.70?

Q18 Suppose that instead of using 16 bits for network part of a class B Address, 20 bits have been used. How
many class B networks would have been possible?

Q19 What is the default mask for 192.0.46.10?

Q20 Suppose a router receives an IP packet containing 600 data bytes and has to forward the packet to a
network with maximum transmission unit of 200 bytes. Assume that IP header is 20 bytes long. What is
fragment offset values for divided packets?
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Q21 A 3000 km long trunk operates at 1.536 Mbps and is used to transmit 64-byte frames and uses sliding
window protocol. If the propagation speed is 6 μsec / km, how many bits should the sequence number field be?

Q22 Compute approximate optimal window size when packet size is 53 bytes, RTT is 60 msec and bottleneck
bandwidth is 155 Mbps.

Q23 A sliding window protocol is designed for a 1 Mbps point to point link to the moon which has a one-way
latency (delay) of 1.25 sec. Assuming that each frame carries 1 KB of data, what is the minimum number of
bits needed for the sequence number?

Q24 HOST A is sending data to host B over a full duplex link. A and B are using the sliding window protocol
for flow control. The send and receive window sizes are 5 packets each. Data packets (sent only from A to B)
are all 1000 bytes long and the transmission time for such a packet is 50 μs. Acknowledgement packets (sent
only from B to A) are very small and require negligible transmission time. The propagation delay over the link
is 200 μs. What is the maximum achievable throughput in this communication?

Q 25. What does the amplitude of a signal measure? What does the frequency of a signal measure? What does
the phase of a signal measure?

Q26 What are the three major classes of guided media?

Q27 A computer monitor has a resolution of 1200 by 1000 pixels. If each pixel uses 1024 colors, how many bits
are needed to send the complete contents of a screen?

Q28 What is the minimum Hamming distance?

Q29 In CRC, if the dataword is 5 bits and the codeword is 8 bits, how many 0s need to be added to the dataword
to make the dividend? What is the size of the remainder? What is the size of the divisor?

Q30 Explain why flags are needed when we use variable-size frames.

Q31There are only three active stations in a slotted Aloha network: A, B, and C. Each station generates a frame
in a time slot with the corresponding probabilities pA = 0.2, pB = 0.3, and pC = 0.4, respectively. a. What is the
throughput of each station? b. What is the throughput of the network?

Q32 In a CDMA/CD network with a data rate of 10 Mbps, the minimum frame size is found to be 512 bits for
the correct operation of the collision detection process. What should the minimum frame size be if we keep the
size of the network constant, but we increase the data rate to each of the following? a. 100 Mbps b. 1 Gbps c. 10
Gbps

Q33 What do we mean when we say that a link-layer switch can filter traffic? Why is filtering important?

Q34 Distinguish between the process of routing a packet from the source to the destination and the process of
forwarding a packet at each router.

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Q35 A host is sending 100 datagrams to another host. If the identification number of the first datagram is 1024,
what is the identification number of the last?

Q36 Explain why the registration request and reply are not directly encapsulated in an IP datagram. Why is there
a need for the UDP user datagram?

Q37 A large organization with a large block address (12.44.184.0/21) is split into one medium-size company
using the block address (12.44.184.0/22) and two small organizations. If the first small company uses the block
(12.44.188.0/23), what is the remaining block that can be used by the second small company? Explain how the
datagrams destined for the two small companies can be correctly routed to these companies if their address blocks
are still part of the original company.

Q38 An organization is granted the block 130.56.0.0/16. The administrator wants to create 1024 subnets. Find
the following: a. Number of addresses in each subnet b. Subnet prefix c. First and last addresses in the first subnet
d. First and last addresses in the last subnet.

Q39 Briefly describe how we can defeat the following security attacks:
a. Packet sniffing b. Packet modification c. IP spoofing

Q40 Which ICMP messages contain part of the IP datagram? Why is this needed?

Q41 Explain why a router using link-state routing needs to receive the whole LSDB before creating and using its
forwarding table. In other words, why can’t the router create its forwarding table with a partially received LSDB?

Q42. Explain the concept of hop count in RIP. Can you explain why no hop is counted between N1 and R1 in
Figure 8.15?

Q43. Explain why in TCP each SYN, SYN + ACK, and FIN segment consumes a sequence number, but an ACK
segment carrying no data does not consume a sequence number.

Q44. A client uses UDP to send data to a server. The data length is 16 bytes. Calculate the efficiency of this
transmission at the UDP level (ratio of useful bytes to total bytes).

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