CNE Question Bank:-

Unit 1 and 2
Winter 2023

1.Enlist applications of computer network. (2m)

• Marketing and sales

• Financial services
• Information services
• Banking
• Television
• E-mail

2.List Four basic network services in computer network.(2m)

• File services
• Printing services
• Message services
• Application services
• Database services

3.List four disadvantages of Bridges in computer network. (2m)

• Does not limit the scope of broadcasts

• Bridges are more expensive than repeaters
• Bridges are slower than hubs and repeaters because they examine
each frame source and destination addresses.
• Does not scale to extremely large networks.

4.List four advantages of Ring Topology.(2m)

• Transmitting network is not affected by high traffic or by adding more

nodes, as only the nodes having tokens can transmit data.
• Cheap to install and expand.
 • Traffic in unidirectional.
• Failure of one computer disturbs the whole network.

5.Compare peer-to-peer network with client server network(four

points) (4)

6.State the layer of OSI reference model in which the following

devices operate: (4m)

• Repeater
• Bridge
• Switch
• Hub
• Router
• Modem
• Gateway
• Access point

7.Define the following: (i)client (ii)Server (iii)peer (iv)protocol

(4m)

(i)Client:- A client is a computer that connects to and uses the resources of

a remote computer or server.
(ii)Server:- A server is a computer or system that provides resources, data,
services, or programs to other computers, known as clients, over a
network.

(iii)Peer:- The entities comprising the corresponding layers on

different machines are called peers. The peers may be software
processes, hardware devices, or even human beings. In other words, it is
the peers that communicate by using the protocol to talk to each other.

(iv)Protocol:- Protocol are set of rules that govern data communication.

It also represents agreement between communication devices without

protocol two devices maybe connected but not communicating.

The protocols allow messages to be transmitted in a structured specific

manner so that the receiving device is able to process the data sent from the
sending device.

8.Explain the working of NIC in LAN network with diagram.

(4m)

9.Explain the steps to take backup of data in computer network.(4m)

10.A small educational organization situated within a single building want

to create a network to share the information of its 5 departments among
them, for this network no centralized management in required also no
security is required. Which network is suitable for such organization?
Justify. (4m)

11.Draw a net labeled sketch of hybrid topology connecting one star

network of 4 computers one ring network of 5 computers and one bus
network of 5 computers. (4m)

12.State disadvantages of device sharing in network and state 4 applications

of device sharing in network. (4m)

13.List 2 types of switches in network. Explain them (6m)

14.Draw the neat labeled diagram of repeater. State the situation
under which repeater is necessary in networks. (6m)

A repeater (or regenerator) is an electronic device that operates on physical

layer of OSI model.

A repeater is a network device that retransmits a received signal with more

power and to an extended geographical or topological network boundary
than what would be capable with the original signal.

A repeater is implemented in computer networks to expand the coverage

area of the network, repropagate a weak or broken signal and or service
remote nodes.

Repeaters amplify the received/input signal to a higher frequency domain

so that it is reusable, scalable and available.

A repeater retimes and regenerates the signal periodically and hence

extends the distance over which data can safely travel. We need a repeater
when the total length of a single span of network cable exceeds 100 meters.
Summer 2023:

1.List benefits of computer network.(2m)

• File sharing
• Printer sharing
• Application sharing
• Email services
• Client server email services.
• Remote access

2.Describe the classification of network based on transmission

technology.(2)

The transmission means, is that sending a single from one location to

another.

The transmission technology can be categorized broadly into two types:-

• Broadcast network
• Point to point Network.

3.State the use of NIC.(2m)

1. NIC is used to convert data into a digital signal.

2. In the OSI model, NIC uses the physical layer to transmit signals and
the network layer to transmit data packets.

3. NIC offers both wired (using cables) and wireless (using Wi-Fi) data
communication techniques.

4. NIC is a middleware between a computer/server and a data network.

4.Draw following topology with four hosts.(2m)

• Ring Topology
• Mesh Topology.

5.Enlist different types of Bridges. Describe any two. (4m)

Types of Bridges:

• Simple bridge
• Multiport bridge
• Transparent bridge
• Source routing bridge
• Local bridge
• Translation bridge
• Remote Bridge
• Wireless bridge

Simple Bridge:-Simple bridges are the most primitive and least

expensive type of bridge. A simple bridge links two segments and
contains a table that lists the addresses of all the stations included in
each of them. Primitive means address must be entered manually.
Whenever, new station is added, the table must be modified. If station is
removed, its address must be deleted from the table. Installation and
 maintenance of simple bridges are time consuming. Simple bridge links
only two segments (LAN).

Local Bridge: It is a standard type of bridge used to connect network

segments of same type and same location. It does not modify the data in
the packets. It simply reads the addresses and pass or discard the
packets. A Local Bridge provides packet filtering and repeating services
for the network segments of the same type. this is also called MAC-layer
Bridge. This is the simplest type of Bridge because it has no need for
packet filtering or buffering. This Bridge simply propagates the incoming
packets to the appropriate ports or discard them.

6.Describe the classification of network based on geographical

area. (4m)

• Personal Area Network

• Local Area Network
• Wide Area Network
• Metropolitan Area Network
• Campus Area Network

LAN

• Local area network is a network limited to few kilometers.

• In LAN no. of computers connected belongs t0 same organization to
share data n resources such as printers.
• LAN is operating at high data rate to transfer data.
• Ethernet LAN operate at 10Mbps to 100Mbps.
• Distance in LAN is limited to various Factor such has electrical
characteristics of transmission media or no.of computers connected
and delay in the signal over network.
WAN

Wide area network It connects computer across widely disperes

geographical area such as city that are far apart countries or continents.
Usually poiny-to-point network used for WAN. Tpyicallt WAMN structure
is as shown in fig. the technology used are implemented by using internet
and dialogue connection. As shown in fig. if a remote area connected to
another remote office maybe connected to network using satellite.

MAN:-

Metropolitan area network:

• MAN is very similar to LAN in terms of technology uses, however,

MAN covers large area then LAN usually city.
• Eg :- An organization as multiple offices all over a city as shown in fig.
for eg. ABC all this three offices are connected internally within itself
using LAN.
• MAN is regulated by public authorities. MAN operates at high speed
data rate from two 2Mbps to 300Mbps
• MAN can support voice multimedia and another type of network.
 • Standard used are for MAN are use DQDB. Stands for (Distributed
Queue Dual Bus) and this standard is defined by IEEE 802.6.
• DQOB provides duel bus architecture in which each computer is
connected to 2 cables
• Suppose A wants to communicate with B it uses bus 1 communicate it
and if B also wants communicate it uses bus 2.

7.Describe NIC and access point. State any two differences.

A network interface card (NIC) is a hardware component without which a

computer cannot be connected over a network. It is a circuit board installed
in a computer that provides a dedicated network connection to the
computer. It is also called network interface controller, network adapter or
LAN adapter.

Access Point : An access point is a device that creates a wireless local area
network, or WLAN, usually in an office or large building. An access point
connects to a wired router, switch, or hub via an Ethernet cable, and
projects a Wi-Fi signal to a designated area. For example, if you want to
enable Wi-Fi access in your company's reception area but don’t have a
router within range, you can install an access point near the front desk and
run an Ethernet cable through the ceiling back to the server room.
8.Define Computer network. State applications of computer
network. (4m)

A computer network is the interconnection of two or more computer

systems fro the purpose of communicating and sharing resources.

Applications :- Marketing and sales, Financial services, Manufacturing,

Information services, Electronic mail, Teleconferencing.

9. Describe star topology with suitable dia. List two advantages

of star topology. (4m)

In this type of topology all the computers are connected to a single hub
through a cable. This hub is the central node and all others nodes are
connected to the central node.

• In a star topology, each device has a dedicated point-to-point link

only to a central controller, usually called a hub. The devices are not
directly linked to one another.
• A star topology does not allow direct traffic between devices. The
controller acts as an exchange. If one device wants to send data to
another, it sends the data to the controller, which then relays the data
 to the other connected device. A star topology is less expensive than a
mesh topology.
• In a star, each device needs only one link and one I/O port to connect
it to any number of others. This factor also makes it easy to install and
reconfigure.
• One big disadvantage of a star topology is the dependency of the
whole topology on one single point, the hub. If the hub goes down,
the whole system is dead. Although a star requires far less cable than
a mesh, each node must be linked to a central hub. The star topology
is used in local-area networks (LANs). High-speed LANs often use a
star topology with a central hub.
Advantages of star topology:
• Centralized management allows better monitoring the network .
• Easy to manage as connection of nodes and removing can be done
easily, without affecting the network.
• Failure of one link doesn’t affect the rest of the network.
• Easy to detect the failure and troubleshoot.

10.Describe working of NOS (network operating system) and

state its features. (4m)

Working of NOS : A network operating system (NOS) is a computer

operating system (OS) that is designed primarily to support workstations,
personal computers and, in some instances, older terminals that are
connected on a local area network (LAN). The software behind a NOS
allows multiple devices within a network to communicate and share
resources with each other. The composition of hardware that typically uses
a NOS includes a number of personal computers, a printer, a server and file
server with a local network that connects them together. The role of the
NOS is to then provide basic network services and features that support
multiple input requests simultaneously in a multiuser environment.

Types of network operating systems There are two basic types of network
operating systems, the peer-topeer NOS and the client/server NOS:

Features of NOS (Network Operating System).: A network operating

systems salient features are:

• Basic support for operating systems like protocol and processor

support, hardware detection and multiprocessing.
• Printer and application sharing.
• Common file system and database sharing.
• Network security capabilities such as user authentication and access
control.
• Directory Services
• Backup and web services.
• Internetworking of various resources connected in the network

11.Differentiate between peer-to-peer network and client server

network (any 6 points) (6m)
12.Write a procedure for the following: (6m)
• To share a file
• To share printer in network.

To share a file or folder in File Explorer, do one of the following:

▪ Right-click or press a file, select Give access to > Specific people.

▪ Select a file, select the Share tab at the top of File Explorer, and then in
the Share with section select Specific people.

▪ Select a user on the network to share the file with, or

select Everyone to give all network users access to the file.
▪ If you select multiple files at once, you can share them all in the same
way. It works for folders, too—share a folder, and all files in it will be
shared.
To share a printer in network:-

1. Install the printer drivers: In order to share a printer, it must be installed

on the computer it is connected to. Most modern printers connect via USB
and will install automatically when they are connected.

2. Open the Control Panel: You can access the Control Panel in Windows 7
by clicking the Start menu and selecting Control Panel. In Windows, press
⊞Win+X and select Control Panel from the menu.

3. Open the Network and Sharing Center: If your Control Panel is in

Category view, click "Network and Internet", and then select "Network and
Sharing Center". Click on "Network and Internet". If your Control Panel is
in Icon view, click the "Network and Sharing Center" icon.

4. Click the "Change advanced sharing settings" link. This is located in the
left navigation pane of the Network and Sharing Center.

5. Expand the profile you need to change. You will see three different
options when you open the "Advanced share settings": Private, Guest or
Public, and All Networks. If you are on a Home network, expand the Private
section.

6. Enable "File and printer sharing". Toggle this on to allow other devices
to connect to your printer. This will also allow you to share files and folders
with other computers on the network.

7. Toggle the password protection. You can decide whether or not you want
to enable password protection for your printer. If it is turned on, only users
who have a user account on your computer will be able to access the
printer. You can toggle password protection in the "All Networks" section.

8. Share the printer. Now that file and printer sharing has been turned on,
you will need to share the printer itself. To do this, go back to the Control
Panel and open the Devices and Printers option. Right-click on the printer
you want to share and click "Printer properties". Click the Sharing tab, and
then check the "Share this printer" box.

13.Draw a suitable network layout using Mesh topology to

connect 8 computers. How many links are required. What are
the advantages and disadvantages of this network.

Advantages of Mesh Topology

• Each connection can carry its own data load.

• It is robust.
• Fault is diagnosed easily.
• Provides security and privacy.

Disadvantages of Mesh Topology

• Installation and configuration is difficult.

• Cabling cost is more.
• Bulk wiring is required
Summer 2022:

1.Enlist four advantages of LAN. (2m)

• Centralized data
• Data security
• Internet sharing
• Resources sharing
• Reliability

2.Explain the advantages of repeater. (2m)

• It passes all traffic in bi-directions

• It is very least expensive
• They can connect different types of transmission media.
• It can extend the network.
• It can regenerate the desired information.

3. State any two differences between LAN and WAN.(2m)

LAN WAN
LAN means Local area network. WAN means Wide area network.
It is widely used for connecting It is widely used in long distance
personal computers and communication network that covers
workstations in companies offices a wide geographic area such as state
and factories to share resources. or country.
A LAN is a high speed data WAN has less speed then LAN.
network.
4.Draw the following topology with five host. (2m)

(i)Ring (ii)Star

5.Describe the construction of Fiber optic cable with a neat

diagram.(4m)

• Optic Fiber cable is made up of glass or plastic.

• Optic fiber cable carries the signal in the form of light.
• As shown in fig optic fiber cable is Consisting of core surrounding by
cladding.
• Core and cladding having different density.
• Cladding is less dense then core.
• In terms of refractive n1>n2
N1 refractive index 0f core.
n2 refractive index of cladding.
• The difference of density is such that bleam of light through the core
is refract.
• The entire assembly is then cover with various Plastic material to
form a cable
6.Describe the classification of coaxial cable based on network
relationship.(4m)

7.Describe construction of coaxial cable with neat diagram.(4m)

• Co-axial cable is consisting of two conductors inner and outer

conductor structure is as shown in fig.
• Inner or centre conductor is solid (standard cropper wire)
• Inner conductor is endorsing in an insulator shield. It is then with
lower conductor. Outer conductor is mix of coil.
The outer metallic wrapping serves two purposes.
• It acts as a shield to give strength and act as a shield against noise.
• Outer conductors are also enclosed with an insulator and then
whole cable is protector by plastic cover.
• Conductors used are BNC.

8. Distinguish between client server and distributed networks.(4m)

Basis of comparision Client server Distributed Model

Principal Client and server are All nodes are kept at
not distinguished each different/distributed
node act as client and location
server.
Service The client request for Each node is capable to
service and server accept input and
respond with the produce result.
service.
Focus Sharing the Sharing resources and
information. performing dedicated
task.
Data The data is stored in a Data is stored at local
centralized server. and over network as
well.
Server When several clients Each node can act as
request for the services dedicated server if
simultaneously a required.
server can get
bottlenecked.

9.Describe working NOS State its silent features.(4m)

Working of NOS : A network operating system (NOS) is a computer

operating system (OS) that is designed primarily to support workstations,
personal computers and, in some instances, older terminals that are
connected on a local area network (LAN). The software behind a NOS
allows multiple devices within a network to communicate and share
resources with each other. The composition of hardware that typically uses
a NOS includes a number of personal computers, a printer, a server and file
server with a local network that connects them together. The role of the
NOS is to then provide basic network services and features that support
multiple input requests simultaneously in a multiuser environment.

Types of network operating systems There are two basic types of network
operating systems, the peer-topeer NOS and the client/server NOS:

Features of NOS (Network Operating System).: A network operating

systems salient features are:

• Basic support for operating systems like protocol and processor

support, hardware detection and multiprocessing.
• Printer and application sharing.
• Common file system and database sharing.
 • Network security capabilities such as user authentication and access
control.
• Directory Services
• Backup and web services.
• Internetworking of various resources connected in the network

10.Design suitable network layout for an organization with four

departments (6users each) shared print server and network
server. (6m)

11.State devices and its specifications for setting a wireless

network.(6m)
Summer 2019:

1.List network classification based on network geographic

area.(2m)

• Personal Area Network

• Local Area Network
• Wide Area Network
• Metropolitan Area Network
• Campus Area Network

2.State any two difference between switch and hub.(2m)

3. State the four application of computer network(any four)(2m)

• Marketing and sales

• Financial services
• Information services
 • Banking
• Television
• E-mail
• Electronic data interchange(EDI)
• Teleconferencing

4,Draw following topology with five host:(2m)

(i)Ring (ii)Mesh topology

5.Draw constructional structure of fiber optic cable. Write any

four features.(4m)

Features of Fiber optic cable:

• Long-haul trunks-increasingly common in telephone network

• (Sprint ads) Metropolitan trunks-without repeaters (average 8 miles
in• length)
• Rural exchange trunks-link towns and villages
• Local loops-direct from central exchange to a subscriber (business or
home)
• Local area networks-100Mbps ring networks.
6.State the classification of network based on;(4m)

(i)Transmission technology.

(ii)Network relationship.

The can be categorized broadly into two types:

Broadcast networks: Broadcast networks have a single communication

channel that is shared or used by all the machines on the network. Short
messages called packets sent by any machine are received by all the others.
Broadcast systems generally use a special code in the address field for
addressing a packet to all the concerned computers. This mode of operation
is called broadcasting.

Point-to-point networks: Point to point networks consists of many

connections between individual pairs of machines. To go from the source to
the destination a packet on these types of network may have to go through
intermediate computers before they reach the desired computer.

Classification of networks based on Network Relationship:

1. Client Server network

2. Peer to peer network

Client Server Network: In this network, a centralized computer, server is

used for sharing the resources and providing services to other
computers, clients. Thus the name Client Server. The servers stores all
the network's shared files and applications programs, such as word
processor documents, compilers, database applications, spreadsheets,
and the network operating system. Client will send request to access
 information from the server. Based on the request, server will send the
required information to the client.

ii) Peer to peer network: In this type of network, each computer/node

shares its resources using its own file system. There are no servers required
in this network. Thus there is no centralized management, but each system
owns its resources and services to be shared with other computers.

7.Write any two specification of following:(4m)

(i)Switch

(ii)Router

Switch:

A switch is a multi-port bridge with a buffer and a design that can boost its
efficiency (large number of ports implies less traffic) and performance.
Switch is data link layer device. Switch can perform error checking before
forwarding data that makes it very efficient as it does not forward packets
that have errors and forward good packets selectively to correct port only.
In other words, switch divides collision domain of hosts, but broadcast
domain remains same. The basic function that any switch is supposed to
perform is to receive information from any source connected to it and
dispatch that information to the appropriate destination only. This thing
differentiates switches from hubs.
Router: Router is network layer device that routes packets based on their
logical address (host to host address). Router normally connects LAN and
WANS in the internet using route information stored in routing table
Routing table of router is tabular database which stores information about
destination and path (next Hop address through with to reach) information
routing table is updated dynamically depending on changes in network.
Messages are stored in the routers before re-transmission, routers are said
to implement a store-and-forward technique.

Two types of routers are:

1. Static routers: A router with manually configured routing tables is known

as a static router.

2. Dynamic routers: A router with dynamically configured routing tables is

known as a dynamic router. Dynamic routing consists of routing tables that
are built and maintained automatically through an ongoing communication
between routers.
8.Describe any four benefits of computer network.(4m)

Benefits of computer network:

• File sharing: Computer networks allow file sharing and remote file
access. A person sitting at one workstation connected to a network
can easily see files present on another workstation, provided he/she
is authorized to do so.
• Resource Sharing: A computer network provides a cheaper
alternative by the provision of resource sharing. All the computers
can be interconnected using a network and just one modem & printer
can efficiently provide the services to all users.
• Inexpensive set-up: Shared resources means reduction in hardware
costs. Shared files means reduction in memory requirement, which
indirectly means reduction in file storage expenses. Flexible
• Handling: A user can log on to a computer anywhere on the network
and access his/her files. This offers flexibility to the user as to where
he/she should be during the course of his/her routine. Centralized
Management- Networking allows the management of various
resources in the organization, centrally through architectures such as
client server architecture.
• Backing up data: Creating backup files and restoring them becomes
much easier using computer networks.
• E-mail Services: E-mail is extremely valuable & important feature for
communication within organization or outside the people in world.
Networking allows file based or client based systems for
communication.
9.Describe star topology with suitable diagram. List two
advantages of star topology.(4m)

STAR Topology

In this type of topology all the computers are connected to a single hub
through a cable. This hub is the central node and all others nodes are
connected to the central node.

A star topology does not allow direct traffic between devices. The controller
acts as an exchange. If one device wants to send data to another, it sends
the data to the controller, which then relays the data to the other connected
device. A star topology is less expensive than a mesh topology.

In a star, each device needs only one link and one I/O port to connect it to
any number of others. This factor also makes it easy to install and
reconfigure.

One big disadvantage of a star topology is the dependency of the whole

topology on one single point, the hub. If the hub goes down, the whole
system is dead. Although a star requires far less cable than a mesh, each
node must be linked to a central hub. The star topology is used in local-area
networks (LANs). High-speed LANs often use a star topology with a central
hub.

Features of Star Topology 1. Every node has its own dedicated connection
to the hub. 2. Hub acts as a repeater for data flow. 3. Can be used with
twisted pair, Optical Fiber or coaxial cable.

Advantages of Star Topology

• Fast performance with few nodes and low network traffic.

• Hub can be upgraded easily.
• Easy to troubleshoot.
• Easy to setup and modify.
• Only that node is affected which has failed, rest of the nodes can
work smoothly.
10.Write stepwise procedure to share file on network.(4m)

Step 1: Create File Create a file/folder on the desktop.

Step 2: Advanced Sharing Right-click on the file, select properties. Click

over to the "Sharing" tab and select advanced sharing. Check the box
marked "Share folder".

Step 3: Permissions Select which permissions you want other users to have
for this file. You will retain full access, but others will have either read-only,
edit, or executable permissions, depending on what you select.

Step 4: Open Sharing Go to control panel, select network & internet, then
select network & sharing center. Go to Advanced sharing settings. Scroll
down, and select "Turn on sharing so anyone with network access can read
and write files in the Public folders" and "Turn off password protected
sharing".

Step 5: Accessing the File On the 2nd PC, open file explorer. Go to network.
Your file should be there.

11.State difference between peer to peer and client server

network.(4m)
12.Design suitable network layout for an organization with four
departments (6users each) shared print server and a network
server.(6m)

13.Design suitable network layout using star topology for a

computer lab with 10 host and a wireless printer. List all
components in the layout.(6m)
1.List advantages and disadvantages of computer network.(2m)

Advantages of Computer Network:

• Resource sharing
• Information Sharing
• High reliability communication
• Cost effective
• Powerful communication medium
• Centralised management
• Data Backup
• Increased Storage capacity

Disadvantages of Computer Network:

• Social issues regarding privacy of data, information etc..

• Broadcasting of anonymous messages
• Security threats
• Need for efficient handler
• Lack of Robustness

2.State features of NOS.(2m)

Features of NOS (Network Operating System).: A network operating

systems salient features are:

• Basic support for operating systems like protocol and processor

support, hardware detection and multiprocessing.
• Printer and application sharing.
• Common file system and database sharing.
• Network security capabilities such as user authentication and access
control.
• Directory Services
• Backup and web services.
• Internetworking of various resources connected in the network
3.Define host and access point in computer network.(2m)

Host: Host is the end system of WAN which contains a collection of

machines intended for running user (application) programs.

OR

Host is an end device such a computer which is connected for

communication. Access point: Access point is the system in network which
allows user to use application programs stored at HOST machine.

OR

An access point is a device that creates a wireless local area network, or

WLAN, usually in an office or large building.

OR

An access point connects to a wired router, switch, or hub via an Ethernet

cable, and projects a Wi-Fi signal to a designated area.

4.State computer topology. Give its importance.(2m)

Computer topology is the network configuration. The term „topology‟

refers to the way a network is laid out either physically or logically.

Importance of Topology:

• Better Understanding of the network

• Effective use of resources
• Easier error detection
• Effective management of cost of network
• Easy to upgrade/change in the network

5. Describe working of mesh topology. Give its advantages and

disadvantages. (4m)
It is a point-to-point connection to other nodes or devices. All the network
nodes are connected to each other. Mesh has n(n-1)/2 physical channels to
link n devices. There are two techniques to transmit data over the Mesh
topology, they are :

• Routing
• Flooding

Mesh topology: In mesh topology there are multiple paths between / nodes.
Mesh networks are most commonly employed for long distance
transmission of data between nodes, which act as message switch, circuit
switch or packet switch. A fully connected mesh, linking „n‟ nodes requires
n (n-1) / 2 links but it is unusual for all possible or connections to be
provided.

Advantages:

• Avoids traffic problem

• Robust topology since if one node fails, it does not affect the other
nodes.
• Point to point connection makes it easier to detect errors.
• More security and Privacy in connections.

Disadvantages:

• More cables are required than other topologies.

• Cost of the network is high since more number of cables are used
• Installation and re-configuration is difficult.
• Setup and maintenance of the topology is difficult.
• Through put and transmission quantity depends on media and
capacity of switching nodes.
6. Describe the classification of network based on transmission
technology.(4m)

The Computer networks can be classified on the basis of transmission

technology used by them. There are two types of Computer networks in this
category:

1. Broadcast Networks: In broadcast networks, a single communication

channel is shared among all the computers of the network. This means, all
the data transportation occurs through this shared channel. The data is
transmitted in the form of packets. The packets transmitted by one
computer are received by all others in the network. The destination of
packet is specified by coding the address of destination computer in the
address field of packet header. On receiving a packet, every computer
checks whether it is intended for it or not. If the packet is intended for it, it
is processed otherwise, it is discarded. There is another form of broadcast
networks in which the packets transmitted by a computer are received by a
particular group of computers. This is called as "Multicasting".

2. Point to Point or Store and Forward Networks: The store and

forward networks consist of several interconnected computers and
networking devices. The data is transmitted in the form of packets. Each
packet has its own source and destination address. To go from a source to a
destination, a packet on this type of network may first have to visit one or
more intermediate devices or computers that are generally called as
"routers". The packets are stored on an intermediate router unless the
output line is free. When the output line is free, it is forwarded to the next
router. The routing algorithms are used to find a path from the source to
destination. The routing algorithms play a very important role in this type
of network.

7.State the NIC and access point. How it differs ?(4m)

A network interface card (NIC) is a hardware component without which a

computer cannot be connected over a network. It is a circuit board installed
in a computer that provides a dedicated network connection to the
computer. It is also called network interface controller, network adapter or
LAN adapter.

Access Point : An access point is a device that creates a wireless local area
network, or WLAN, usually in an office or large building. An access point
connects to a wired router, switch, or hub via an Ethernet cable, and
projects a Wi-Fi signal to a designated area. For example, if you want to
enable Wi-Fi access in your company's reception area but don’t have a
router within range, you can install an access point near the front desk and
run an Ethernet cable through the ceiling back to the server room.
8.List and describe any four benefits of computer network.(4m)

1. File sharing: -files can be centrally stored and used by multiple users.
Shared directory or disk drive is used. If many users access same file on
network and make changes at same time and conflict occurs. Network
operating system performs file sharing and provides security to share files.

2. Printer sharing: Printer connected in a network can be shared in many

ways. Use printer queues on server. Here printer is connected to server.
Each work station can access printer directly. Printer can be connected to
server. Connect a printer to a computer in a network and run special print
server software. Use built in print server. Use dedicated print server. By
printer sharing reduces no. of printers needed. Share costly and high
quality printers.

3. Application services: Share application on a network. When applications

are centralized, amount of memory required on disk of work station is
reduced. It is easier to administer an application. It is more secure and
reliable. It is faster and convenient.

4. E-mail services. Two types of email systems are available:

1) File based system: Files are stored in shared location on server. Server
provides access to file. Gate way server connects from file based email
system to internet.

2) Client server e-mail system: E-mail server contains message and handles
e-mail interconnections. E-mail client functions (also consider other e-mail
functions): read mail, send, compose, forward, delete. E-mail protocols:
SMTP, POP etc.

5. Remote access: Set up remote access service on network operating

system. Setup VPN (virtual private network) on internet terminal services
(TELNET). User can access files from remote location. User can access
centralized application or share files on LAN.
9.Draw and describe graphical representation of hybrid
topology. Give it significance.(4m)

It is two different types of topologies which is a mixture of two or more

topologies. For example if in an office in one department ring topology is
used and in another star topology is used, connecting these topologies will
result in Hybrid Topology (ring topology and star topology).

Significance:

• There are many reasons why hybrid topologies are used but they all
have one thing in common flexibility.
• There are few constraints on the structure that a hybrid topology
cannot accommodate, and you can incorporate ring, bus, mesh, and
star topologies into one hybrid setup.
• Hybrid topologies are very scalable.
• Their scalability makes them well-suited to larger networks.

10. Describe working of Nos. State its silent features.(4m)

Working of NOS : A network operating system (NOS) is a computer

operating system (OS) that is designed primarily to support workstations,
personal computers and, in some instances, older terminals that are
connected on a local area network (LAN). The software behind a NOS
allows multiple devices within a network to communicate and share
resources with each other. The composition of hardware that typically uses
a NOS includes a number of personal computers, a printer, a server and file
server with a local network that connects them together. The role of the
NOS is to then provide basic network services and features that support
multiple input requests simultaneously in a multiuser environment.

Types of network operating systems There are two basic types of network
operating systems, the peer-to-peer NOS and the client/server NOS:

Features of network operating systems are typically associated with user

administration, system maintenance and resource management
functionality. This includes:

• Basic support for operating systems like protocol and processor

support, hardware detection and multiprocessing.
• Printer and application sharing.
• Common file system and database sharing.
• Network security capabilities such as user authentication and access
control.
• Directory Services
• Backup and web services.
11.Differentiate between peer-to-peer, client server and
distributed modes of computing. (Any four points) (6m)
12.Enlist steps to share a printer in a network and share a
scanner within two computers.(6m)

1. Install the printer drivers: In order to share a printer, it must be installed

on the computer it is connected to. Most modern printers connect via USB
and will install automatically when they are connected.

2. Open the Control Panel: You can access the Control Panel in Windows 7
by clicking the Start menu and selecting Control Panel. In Windows, press
⊞Win+X and select Control Panel from the menu.

3. Open the Network and Sharing Center: If your Control Panel is in

Category view, click "Network and Internet", and then select "Network and
Sharing Center". Click on "Network and Internet". If your Control Panel is
in Icon view, click the "Network and Sharing Center" icon.

4. Click the "Change advanced sharing settings" link. This is located in the
left navigation pane of the Network and Sharing Center.

5. Expand the profile you need to change. You will see three different
options when you open the "Advanced share settings": Private, Guest or
Public, and All Networks. If you are on a Home network, expand the Private
section.

6. Enable "File and printer sharing". Toggle this on to allow other devices
to connect to your printer. This will also allow you to share files and folders
with other computers on the network.

7. Toggle the password protection. You can decide whether or not you want
to enable password protection for your printer. If it is turned on, only users
who have a user account on your computer will be able to access the
printer. You can toggle password protection in the "All Networks" section.

8. Share the printer. Now that file and printer sharing has been turned on,
you will need to share the printer itself. To do this, go back to the Control
Panel and open the Devices and Printers option. Right-click on the printer
you want to share and click "Printer properties". Click the Sharing tab, and
then check the "Share this printer" box.

Sharing Scanner within two machine:

1. Open the Start menu and select "Control Panel."

2. Type "network" in the search box
3. Find the scanner in the list of devices, right-click it, then select
"Install."
4. Follow the on-screen instructions to finish adding the scanner.