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How To Find Any Limits

1. There are several methods for finding limits, including plugging in values, factoring, finding a common denominator, expanding expressions, and using trigonometric identities. 2. When taking a limit as x approaches infinity, it is important to compare the degrees of the numerator and denominator in rational expressions. The limit will be 0 if the degree of the numerator is less than the denominator, and the limit will be the leading coefficient if the degrees are equal. 3. Special cases like infinity, zero, or indeterminate forms may require additional techniques like rationalizing the numerator, dividing both sides by the highest power term, or using trigonometric limits to evaluate the limit.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
27 views

How To Find Any Limits

1. There are several methods for finding limits, including plugging in values, factoring, finding a common denominator, expanding expressions, and using trigonometric identities. 2. When taking a limit as x approaches infinity, it is important to compare the degrees of the numerator and denominator in rational expressions. The limit will be 0 if the degree of the numerator is less than the denominator, and the limit will be the leading coefficient if the degrees are equal. 3. Special cases like infinity, zero, or indeterminate forms may require additional techniques like rationalizing the numerator, dividing both sides by the highest power term, or using trigonometric limits to evaluate the limit.
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HOW TO FIND ANY LIMITS

WAYS OF FINDING THE LIMITS


1. PLUGGING IN
2
lim x −2 x−3 lim (4)2−2(4)−3 ¿ 5
x→4
2
 x→4
2
 lim 16−8 ¿−3
x→ 4 16−9  7
x −9 (4) −9

2. FACTORING

A. x→ 3
2
lim x −2 x−3
 lim ( x−3 ) x+1 ¿ / ¿ ¿ 
lim ( x+1)
x→4 
lim 3+1
x→4  2
x 2−9
x→ 4
/ ( x −3 ) x +3 ¿
( x+ 3) 3+ 3 3

B. x →−1
2
lim x +2 x−8
 lim ( x+ 4 ) x−2 ¿ /
¿ ¿ 
lim ( x−2)

lim −1−2
 −3
/
x→4 x→4
2 x→ 4 ( x + 4 ) x+ 1¿ −1+1 0
x +2 x−8 (x +1)
LIMIT DOES NOT EXIST

3. FINDING A COMMON DENOMINATOR


1 1 1 1 1 1
lim − lim − lim − 0
x → 0 x+ 2 2  x → 0 0+2 2  x → 0 2 2 
0
x 0 0
1 1 (2)1 1(x +2) (−x)
lim − lim − −x 1
x → 0 x+ 2 2  x → 0 (2) x+2 2(x +2)  (2)( x+2)  ( ) 
( 2 ) x +2 x
x x x
−1 1 −1 −1
 ( 2 ) (x+ 2) ( x ) ( 2 ) (0+2) = 4

4. EXPANDING (OPEN UP PARENTHESIS)


2 2 2
lim ( x+ 2) −4 lim x +4 x + 4−4 lim x +4 x lim x (x +4 )
x→0  x→0  x→0  x→0
x x x x
lim x+ 4 lim 0+4 ¿ 4
 x →0  x →0

5. MULTIPLY BY CONJUGATE
lim √ x +1−3 lim √ x +1−3 lim x +1−9
x→8  x→8 √ x +1+3   x→8
 ( x−8)x−8 
x−8 x−8 √ x +1+3 ( x−8)( √ x +1+3) √ x+1+3
1 1 1 1 1
√ x +1+3
 √(8)+1+3
 √ 9+3
 3+3
 6

6. ABSOLUTE VALUE
REMEMBER: PIECEWISE DEFINITION OF THE ABSOLUTE VALUE
{−x x <0}
|x|= x , x ≥ 0
,

lim |x−2|
x→ 2 ¿
x−2

lim ¿
+¿
x→ 2 ¿¿¿

lim ¿
−¿
x→ 2 ¿¿¿
LIMIT DOES NOT EXIST
1 ≠−1
7. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION
REMEMBER:
lim sin θ lim sin θ lim sin θ
x→ θ x →∞ x→ θ
=1 =0 =tan θ
θ θ cos θ

lim sin 2 x lim sin 2 x 2 lim sin 2 x 2


A. x → 0  x→0  2
 x→0  1
 1  2=2
x x 2x

lim sin 2 x lim sin 2 x 2 lim sin 2 x 1 1 1


B. x → 0  x→0  2
 x→0  2
1 =
2 2
4x (2 x )(2) 2x

lim x +sin x
C. x → 0 =1  lim 1+ sinx x  1 + 2=2
x x →0

lim 4 sin 5 x lim 4(x )sin 5 x


D. x → 0  x→0  5xx ¿5
sin 4 x sin 4 x (5 x)

lim tanx lim sinx 1 1


E. x → 0  x→0  cosx lim 1
cos (0)
=11=1
x x x →0

8. INFINITY
1. POLYNOMIAL CONSTANT
A. lim 2 x=∞
x→ ±∞
lim 2 x=−∞
x→−∞

2 2
lim x +2 x+ 5 ¿ ∞
B. x→ lim x +2 x +5=∞
±∞ x→−∞

2
lim −x +2 x+ 5 ¿−∞
C. x→ ±∞
3 3
lim x =∞
D. x→ lim x =−∞
±∞ x→−∞

lim 3=3
E. x→ lim 3=3
±∞ x→−∞

A. RATIONAL EXPRESSION
2
lim 4 x + x +1
x →± ∞

2 x 3−5
REMEMBER TO CHECK THE DEGREES OF THE POLYNOMIAL
Cases: Compare the degrees of the numerator and the denominator.
2
ⅆeg ⅆeg xlim 4 x + x +1
1. N < D →± ∞ limit =0
2 x 3−5

2
ⅆeg ⅆeg lim 2 x −5 x
2. = x →± ∞ limit =¿ Ratio of the constant with the highest power
N D 8 x 2 +3 x
2 1
limit = =
8 4

2
ⅆeg ⅆeg xlim 3 x −2 x
3. >→± ∞ limit =¿ Simplify the leading coefficients
N D x +5
2
3x
limit = =3 x=∞
x

2
4x x 1
2 + 3+ 3 lim
lim 4 x + x +1 x →± ∞ x
3
x x
x →± ∞
3
 Divide all the terms with the highest power  2x
3
5
2 x −5 − 3
3
x x
4 1 1 4 1 1
lim + 2 + 3 lim + 2 + 3
x →± ∞ x x x x →± ∞ x x x lim 0+ 0+0
 Simplify  Use  0
x=0 = ¿0
x →± ∞
5 5 2−0 2
2− 3 2− 3
x x

lim 1 lim 1
x →± ∞ ¿0  x →± ∞ ¿0
2
x x

B. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
REMEMBER
lim sin x
x →± ∞
=0
x

REMEMBER
lim sin 3 x lim sin 3 x
x →± ∞
x
x →± ∞
3x ( 31 )=0
lim sin 3 x lim sin 3 x
x →± ∞
6x
x →± ∞
3x ( 12 )=0
2 2 2
lim x lim x lim x
x →± ∞
x
x →± ∞
x ()
1
x
x→ ±∞

x 2
=0

C. EXPONENTIAL EXPRESSIONS
−2 x
lim 1 lim 1 lim 1 lim 1
lim e x →± ∞ x →± ∞ x →± ∞ x →± ∞ ¿0
x→+∞ 2x 2∞ ∞
e e e ∞

2x (−∞) −∞
lim 1 lim 1
lim e lim e lim e x →− ∞ x →− ∞ ¿0
x→−∞ x→−∞ x→−∞ ∞
e ∞

C. RADICAL EXPRESSIONS
1
y= lim √ x
x
¿ 1
¿ 1 x
x →∞
lim x x In y= xlim
→∞ In x x In y= xlim
→∞ x In
x→ ∞

¿ lim ¿ ln x ¿ lim ¿ ln ∞ y= lim ¿ ln x


x→ ∞ x x→ ∞ ∞ FIND THE DERIVATIVE In x →∞ x
1
¿ x y= lim ¿ 1 y= lim ¿ 1 y= lim ¿ 0
In y= xlim
→∞ In x →∞ x In x →∞ ∞ In x →∞ In y=¿ 0
1

REMEMBER:
log a b=c a c =b

The base of a natural log is always e : ¿ e y=0 0


e =y 1= y
y= lim √ x=1
x

x →∞

CREATE A TABLE OF VALUES TO CONFIRM.


x √x x y
10 1
10
1 .2589
10
10 0 1
1 . 0 4713
10 0 1 0 0
10 00 1
1 . 0 0693
10 00 1 00 0
10 000 1
1 . 0 00921
10 000 1 000 0
lim
x →−∞
√ 9 x −x
3
x −6
6
lim ¿
 x→−∞
√ 9 x 6−x
x
3
x +6
3
lim ¿
 x→−∞ √ 9 x6 x
x
3
x 6
6
− 6
x
 lim ¿
x→−∞
6
√1
x5
9−

3 3
+ 3 1+ 3
x x x x

lim ¿
 x→−∞ √
− 9−

6
1
x5 lim ¿ −√ 9−0
 x→−∞ 1+0  lim ¿ −√ 9
x→−∞ 1
lim ¿
 x→−∞
−3
1
=−3
1+ 3
x

Evaluate the following limits at infinity.

lim √ x +5 x
1. x →∞
2 x−1
2

 lim
x→ ∞
¿
√ x +5 x 2
2 x
x
−1
 lim
x→ ∞
¿ √ x 5 x2
x
2

2x 1
+ 2
x  lim ¿ x
x→ ∞
1

2−

+5
1

x x x x
¿ √ 0+5 lim ¿ √ 5
 lim x→ ∞ 2−0  x→ ∞ 2

2.
lim
x →−∞
√ x +5 x
2 x−1
2

 x→−∞
lim ¿ x
2 x −1
√ x +5 x 2
 lim −¿
x→−∞
√ x 5 x2
x
2

2x 1
+ 2
x  lim ¿
x→−∞

1
x
2−
1

+5


x x x x
lim ¿ √ 0+5 lim ¿ −√ 5
 x→−∞ 2−0  x→−∞ 2

3. lim √ 25 x 2+ x−5 x  √ 25 x 2 + x+ 5 x

( 25 x2 + x ) +2 5 x2
x→ ∞
√25 x 2 + x+ 5 x √ 25 x 2+ x +5 x
x
1
x √ x
x
1 1
1
 √25 x + x+ 5 x 
2
1
x

√ x2
2
25 x x
+ 2 +5
x

√ 1
25+ + 5
x

√ 1
25+ + 5
x
 √25+ 5

1 1
 5+5
¿
10

lim √ 25 x 2+ x −5 x ¿ ∞
4. x→−∞

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