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Week-8 - Lesson-2

Multiplexing is a set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single data link. It involves dividing a link into channels that each carry a signal. A multiplexer combines the signals into a single stream, and a demultiplexer separates the stream back into its components. There are three main multiplexing techniques: frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) for analog signals, wavelength-division multiplexing for analog signals, and time-division multiplexing for digital signals. FDM allocates different frequency ranges to different signals and combines them into a composite signal for transmission. At the receiving end, filters separate the signals by frequency before demodulation.

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18 views

Week-8 - Lesson-2

Multiplexing is a set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single data link. It involves dividing a link into channels that each carry a signal. A multiplexer combines the signals into a single stream, and a demultiplexer separates the stream back into its components. There are three main multiplexing techniques: frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) for analog signals, wavelength-division multiplexing for analog signals, and time-division multiplexing for digital signals. FDM allocates different frequency ranges to different signals and combines them into a composite signal for transmission. At the receiving end, filters separate the signals by frequency before demodulation.

Uploaded by

joe gulbarg
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATA COMMUNICATION

CSE 225/233
WEEK-8, LESSON-2

MULTIPLEXING
Concept of Multiplexing
Whenever the bandwidth of a medium linking two
devices is greater than the bandwidth needs of the
devices, the link can be shared. Multiplexing is the set of
techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of
multiple signals across a single data link. As data and
telecommunications use increases, so does traffic.

We can accommodate this increase by continuing to add


individual links each time a new channel is needed; or
we can install higher-bandwidth links and use each to
carry multiple signals.

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020


Dividing a link into channel
In a multiplexed system, n lines share the bandwidth of one link.
Following figure shows the basic format of a multiplexed system.
The lines on the left direct their transmission streams to a
multiplexer (MUX), which combines them into a single stream
(many-toone). At the receiving end, that stream is fed into a
demultiplexer (DEMUX), which separates the stream back into its
component transmissions (one-to-many) and directs them to their
corresponding lines.

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020


Categories of Multiplexing
There are three basic multiplexing techniques: frequency-division
multiplexing, wavelength-division multiplexing, and time-division
multiplexing. The first two are techniques designed for analog
signals, the third, for digital signals

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020


Frequency Division Multiplexing
Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) is an analog technique that can
be applied when the bandwidth of a link (in hertz) is greater than the
combined bandwidths of the signals to be transmitted. In FDM, signals
generated by each sending device modulate different carrier frequencies.
These modulated signals are then combined into a single composite
signal that can be transported by the link. Carrier frequencies are
separated by sufficient bandwidth to accommodate the modulated
signal. These bandwidth ranges are the channels through which the
various signals travel. Channels can be separated by strips of unused
bandwidth—guard bands—to prevent signals from overlapping.

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020


FDM Multiplexing Process
Following figure shows a conceptual illustration of the
multiplexing process. Each source generates a signal of a similar
frequency range. Inside the multiplexer, these similar signals
modulate different carrier frequencies ( f1, f2, and f3). The
resulting modulated signals are then combined into a single
composite signal that is sent out over a media link that has enough
bandwidth to accommodate it.

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020


FDM De-Multiplexing Process
The demultiplexer uses a series of filters to decompose the
multiplexed signal into its constituent component signals. The
individual signals are then passed to a demodulator that
separates them from their carriers and passes them to the output
lines. Following figure shows a conceptual illustration of
demultiplexing process.

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020


Example (1)
Assume that a voice channel occupies a bandwidth of 4 kHz. We
need to combine three voice channels into a link with a
bandwidth of 12 kHz, from 20 to 32 kHz. Show the
configuration, using the frequency domain. Assume there are no
guard bands.

Solution
We shift (modulate) each of the three voice channels to a
different bandwidth, as shown in Figure 6.6. We use the 20- to
24-kHz bandwidth for the first channel, the 24- to 28-kHz
bandwidth for the second channel, and the 28- to 32-kHz
bandwidth for the third one. Then we combine them as shown in
the figure in the next slide.

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020


Example (Contd.)

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020


Example (2)
Five channels, each with a 100-kHz bandwidth, are to be
multiplexed together. What is the minimum bandwidth of the
link if there is a need for a guard band of 10 kHz between the
channels to prevent interference?
Solution
For five channels, we need at least four guard bands. This means
that the required bandwidth is at least
5 × 100 + 4 × 10 = 540 kHz,

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020


Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020

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