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This document defines key electrical concepts such as charge, current, voltage, power, energy, resistance, and circuits elements like short circuits, open circuits, and conductance. It explains that direct current remains constant over time while alternating current varies sinusoidally. It also describes nodes, branches, and how to calculate equivalent resistance for resistors in series and parallel. Finally, it summarizes Thevenin's Theorem, which states a circuit can be replaced by a voltage source in series with a resistor, and Norton's Theorem, which describes replacing a circuit with a current source in parallel with a resistor.

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jondoe
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15 views

For Lab

This document defines key electrical concepts such as charge, current, voltage, power, energy, resistance, and circuits elements like short circuits, open circuits, and conductance. It explains that direct current remains constant over time while alternating current varies sinusoidally. It also describes nodes, branches, and how to calculate equivalent resistance for resistors in series and parallel. Finally, it summarizes Thevenin's Theorem, which states a circuit can be replaced by a voltage source in series with a resistor, and Norton's Theorem, which describes replacing a circuit with a current source in parallel with a resistor.

Uploaded by

jondoe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Definition:

Charge: Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which


matter consists, measured in coulombs.
Electric current: Electric current is the rate of change of charge,
measured in amperes.
DC: A direct current is a current that remain constant with time.
AC: An alternating current is a current that varies sinusoidally with
time.
Voltage: Voltage is the energy required to move a unit charge through
an element, measured in volts.
Power: Power is the time rate of expending or absorbing energy,
measured in watts.
Energy: Energy is the capacity to do work, measured in joules.
Resistance: The resistance R of an element donates its ability to resists
the flow of electric current, measured in ohms.
Short Circuit: A short circuit is a circuit element with resistance
approaching zero.
Open Circuit: An open circuit is a circuit element with resistance
approaching infinity.
Conductance: Conductance is the ability of an element to conduct
electric current, it measured in mhos or Siemens.
Branch: A Branch represents a single element such as a voltage source
or a resistor.
Node: A node is the point of connection between two or more
branches.
The Equivalent resistance of any number of resistance
connected in series is the sum of the individual resistance.
The equivalent resistance of two parallel resistors is equal
to the product of their resistance divided by their sum.
Current flows from higher potential to a lower potential in
a resistor.
A supernode is formed by enclosing a (dependent or
independent) voltage source connected between two
nonreference nodes and any elements connected in
parallel with it.
Theorem:
Thevenin’s Theorem: Thevenin’s Theorem states that a linear
two terminal circuit can be replaced by an equivalent circuit of
a voltage source Vth in series with a resistor Rth, where Vth is
the open circuit voltage at the terminals and Rth is the input or
equivalent resistance at the terminals when the independent
sources are turned off.
Norton’s Theorem: Norton’s Theorem states that a linear two
terminal circuit can be replaced by an equivalent circuit
consisting of a current source IN in parallel with a resistor RN,
where IN is the short circuit current through the terminal and RN
is the input or equivalent resistance at the terminals when the
independent sources are turned off.

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