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Chapter 5 5

The document discusses scope management for projects. It covers developing a scope statement, constructing a work breakdown structure (WBS) and responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) to define the project scope and assign responsibilities. It also covers scope reporting, control systems, and closeout to manage changes to the project scope.

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Nazlı Deniz Dağlı
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© © All Rights Reserved
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11 views

Chapter 5 5

The document discusses scope management for projects. It covers developing a scope statement, constructing a work breakdown structure (WBS) and responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) to define the project scope and assign responsibilities. It also covers scope reporting, control systems, and closeout to manage changes to the project scope.

Uploaded by

Nazlı Deniz Dağlı
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

Scope Management

05-01
Chapter 5 Learning Objectives
After completing this chapter, students will be able to:
 Understand the importance of scope management for
project success.
 Understand the significance of developing a scope
statement.
 Construct a Work Breakdown Structure for a project.
 Develop a Responsibility Assignment Matrix for a
project.
 Describe the roles of changes and configuration
management in assessing project scope.

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-02


Project Scope
Project scope is everything about a project –
work content as well as expected outcomes.
Scope management is the function of
controlling a project in terms of its goals
and objectives and consists of:
1) Conceptual development 4) Scope reporting
2) Scope statement 5) Control systems
3) Work authorization 6) Project closeout

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-03


Conceptual Development
The process that addresses project objectives by
finding the best ways to meet them.

Key steps in information development:


Problem/need statement
Information gathering
Constraints
Alternative analysis
Project objectives
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-04
Problem Statements
Successful conceptual development requires:

 Reduction of overall project complexity

Goals and objects are clearly stated


Reference points are provided

Complete understanding of the problem


Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-05
Statement of Work (SOW)
A SOW is a detailed narrative description of the work
required for a project.

Effective SOWs contain


1. Introduction and background
2. Technical description
3. Timeline and milestones
4. Client expectations

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-06


Statement of Work Components
 Background
 Objectives
 Scope
 Task or Requirements
 Selection Criteria
 Deliverables or Delivery Schedule
 Security
 Place of Performance
 Period of Performance

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-07


Scope Statement Process
1. Establish the project goal criteria
a) cost
b) schedule
c) performance
d) deliverables
e) review and approval gates
2. Develop the management plan for the project
3. Establish a work breakdown structure
4. Create a scope baseline

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-08


Goal Setting With and Without
Work Breakdown Structures (WBS)
Figure 5.2

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-9


Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
A process that sets a project’s scope by breaking down its
overall mission into a cohesive set of synchronous,
increasingly specific tasks.

What does WBS accomplish?


❖ Echoes project objectives
❖ Offers a logical structure
❖ Establishes a method of control
❖ Communicates project status
❖ Improves communication
❖ Demonstrates control structure

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-10


Work Breakdown Structure and Codes
1.0 The project is the
overall project under
1.2 1.3 1.4
development

Deliverables are
1.2.1 1.3.1 major project
components
1.2.2 1.3.2

1.2.3 Sub-deliverables are


supporting deliverables
1.2.3.1
Work Packages are
1.2.3.2
individual project activities

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-11


Sample WBS in MS Project 2010

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Figure 5.7 05-12
Defining a Work Package
Lowest level in WBS
Deliverable result
One owner
Miniature projects
Milestones
Fits organization
Trackable

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-13


Organizational Breakdown Structure
Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS) allows
 Work definition
 Owner assignment of work packages
 Budget assignment to departments

OBS links cost, activity &


responsibility

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-14


Intersection of the WBS and OBS

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Figure 5.8 05-15
Cost Account Rollup Using OBS

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Figure 5.10 05-16
Responsibility Assignment Matrix

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Figure 5.11 05-17
Defining a Project Work Package
1. Work package forms lowest level in WBS.
2. Work package has a deliverable result.
3. Work package has one owner.
4. Work package may be considered by its owner as a
project in itself.
5. A work package may include several milestones.
6. A work package should fit organizational procedures and
culture.
7. The optimal size of a work package may be expressed in
terms on labor hours, calendar time, cost, reporting
period, and risks.

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-18


Work Authorization

The formal “go ahead” to begin work

Follows the scope management steps of:


1. scope definition
2. planning documents
3. management plans
4. contractual documents

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-19


Contractual Documentation
Most contracts contain:
Requirements
Valid consideration
Contracted terms

Contracts range from:

Lump Sum Cost Plus


also called
“Turnkey”

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-20


Scope Reporting
determines what types of information reported,
who receives copies, when, and how information
is acquired and disseminated.

Typical project reports contain


1. Cost status
2. Schedule status
3. Technical performance

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-21


Reasons Why Projects Fail
 Politics
 Naïve promises
 Naïve optimism of youth
 Startup mentality of fledging entrepreneurial companies
 “Marine Corps” mentality
 Intensive competition caused by globalization
 Intense competition caused by appearance of new
technologies
 Intense pressure caused by unexpected government
regulations
 Unexpected and/or unplanned crises

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-22


Types of Control Systems
o Configuration

o Design

o Trend monitoring

o Document

o Acquisition

o Specification

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-23


Project Closeout
The job is not over until the paperwork is done…

Closeout documentation is used to:


Resolve disputes
Train project managers
Facilitate auditing

Closeout documentation includes:


Historical records
Post project analysis
Financial closeout
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-24
Summary
1. Understand the importance of scope management
for project success.
2. Understand the significance of developing a scope
statement.
3. Construct a Work Breakdown Structure for a project.
4. Develop a Responsibility Assignment Matrix for a
project.
5. Describe the roles of changes and configuration
management in assessing project scope.

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-25


Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 05-26

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