RFID based attendance system using IOT technology

for educational institutions

Abdulwahab Saleh Ben Nasr Ejhawi

A project report submitted in partial fulfilment

of the requirements for the award of
Bachelor of Information Technology (Hons)

School of Information Technology

SEGi University

November 2020
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this project report is based on my original work except for
citations and quotations which have been duly acknowledge. I also declare that it has
not been previously and concurrently submitted for any other degree or award at
SEGI UNIVERSITY or other institutions.

Signature: _____________________________

Name: _____________________________

ID No: _____________________________

Date: _____________________________

2
 APPROVAL FOR SUBMISSION

I certify that this project report entitled “RFID based attendance system using IOT
technology for educational institutions” WAS PREPARED BY Abdulwahab
Ejhawi has met the required standard for submission in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of Bachelor of Information Technology (Hons) at SEGi
University.

Approved by:

Signature: ______________________

Supervisor: ______________________

Date: ______________________

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 The copyright of this report belongs to the author under the terms of the
copyright Act 1987 as qualified by Intellectual Property Policy of SEGi University.
Due acknowledgement shall always be made of the use of any material contained in
or derived from this report.

© 2020, Abdulwahab Ejhawi. All rights reserved

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillah all praise to Allah, I fully finish writing this research. Praise be
to Allah who gave me success to complete this project. Here I would like to thank a
lot to lecturers of Segi University who educated me and my supervisor, I would like
to special thank my family for supporting me during my study. I would like to thank
all my friends for helping me during my study with them.

Thank you.

Regards

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 ABSTRACT

The research propose is to study about the one of most important problems in
educational institution which is the attendance of students, due to many of
educational institutions provide the evaluation of student’s attendance at the same
time of providing the final grade of student, some of educational institutions tend to
the utilization of paper sheet for attendance control, while some of educational
institutions after collecting the attendance in paper sheets, inserting these data
manually into system. The project aims to develop student attendance system that has
the ability to manage student attendance in educational institutions effectively.
Moreover, the objectives is to enhance the student’s attendance system by using
RFID and IOT technologies, to develop the RFID system in order to record
attendance of students, and to test the efficiency of RFID attendance system in the
educational institution. Thus, this research consists description of a brief
introduction, reviews on several systems. RFID based attendance system using IOT
technology for educational institutions would be able to collect and monitor student
attendance in classroom by utilization of RFID technology and IOT technology. To
identify students, the ability of RFID technology to identify the objects and IOT
technology to transfer signals will be utilized. Moreover, in this project has utilized
RFID reader, identification card and Node MCU. The process of attendance would
be faster and easier. The student will need only to position the RFID card on the
RFID reader then the record will be inserted into database. The time of recording the
attendance will be taken and will be shown in the designed GUI. The system will
provide all functions needed to manage student attendance such as registering new
student, deleting student, and importing attendance list.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL FOR SUBMISSION iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
ABSTRACT vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES x
LIST OF FIGURES xi
LIST OF APPENDICES xiii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Problem Background
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Aims and Objectives
1.3.1 Project Aim
1.3.2 Project Objectives
1.4 Project Scope
1.5 Functional and Non-Functional Requirements
1.5.1 Functional Requirements
1.5.2 Non-Functional Requirements
1.6 Resources
1.6.1 Hardware Requirements
1.6.2 Software Requirements
1.7 Relationship to the courses

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction
2.2 RFID based attendance system using IOT technology
for educational institutions
2.3 Similar Existing System
2.3.1 Student Attendance Management

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 2.3.2 Integrated System for Monitoring and
Recognizing Students during Class Session
2.3.3 A Low-cost Remote Attendance Tracking
System for Developing Regions
2.4 Comparing RFID based attendance system using IOT
technology for educational institutions with the
existing systems
2.5 Data Collection
2.6 Summary

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Proposed Methodology
3.3 System Analysis and Design
3.3.1 Use Case Model
3.3.2 Use Case Descriptions
3.3.3 Activity Diagram
3.3.4 Structural Model
3.3.5 Data Model
3.3.6 Propose screen design/wireframe/interface
design
3.3.6.1 Login page
3.3.6.2 Student list page
3.3.6.3 Manage students page
3.3.6.4 Attendance page
3.3.6.5 Manage device page
3.3.6.6 Manage user page
3.4 Chapter Summary

CHAPTER 4 IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Design Overview
4.3 HCI Consideration
4.3.1 Product Design

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 4.3.2 Product Usability
4.4 Implementation
4.4.1 System Features
4.4.2 Data implementation
4.5 Test Plan
4.5.1 Features to be tested
4.5.2 Pass/Fail Criteria
4.5.3 Test Cases
4.6 Conclusion

CHAPTER 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Results of the project
5.3 Evaluation of the product
5.4 Evaluation of the project process
5.5 Future Works

CHAPTER 6 51

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Recommendations

REFERENCES 52

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 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE

Table 1:1 Functional Requirements

Table 1:2 Non-Functional Requirements
Table 2:1 Comparing RFID based attendance system using IOT
technology for educational institutions with the existing
attendance systems
Table 3:1 Use Case Description of Login
Table 3:2 Use Case Description of Students List
Table 3:3 Use Case Description of Login
Table 3:4 Use Case Description of Sign Attendance
Table 3:5 Use Case Description of Manage Device
Table 3:6 Use Case Description of Update User

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 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE

Figure 2-1 ERD of Student Attendance Management

Figure 2-2 System Framework of Integrated System for Monitoring and
Recognizing Students during Class Session
Figure 2-3 A Low-cost Remote Attendance Tracking System for
Developing Regions
Figure 2-4 Gender
Figure 2-5 Age
Figure 2-6 helping a friend with attendance
Figure 2-7 trying attendance system before
Figure 2-8 skipping the class
Figure 2-9 reasons of skipping class
Figure 2-10 academic results based on attendance rate
Figure 2-11 satisfying on current system
Figure 2-12 improvement of collecting attendance
Figure 2-13 importance of attendance
Figure 2-14 advanced systems
Figure 2-15 implementation of attendance systems
Figure 2-16 Hearing about RFID attendance system
Figure 2-17 Trying RFID attendance system
Figure 2-18 RFID attendance system
Figure 2-19 features provided by RFID
Figure 2-20 implementation of RFID attendance system
Figure 3-1 Methodology of RFID Attendance system
Figure 3-2 Use Case Diagram of RFID based attendance system using
IOT technology for educational institutions
Figure 3-3 Activity Diagram of RFID attendance system
Figure 3-4 Class Diagram of RFID attendance system
Figure 3-5 Entity Relationship Diagram of RFID attendance system

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Figure 3-6 interface design of Login page
Figure 3-7 interface design of Student List page
Figure 3-8 interface design of Manage Students page
Figure 3-9 interface design of Attendance page
Figure 3-10 interface design of Manage Device page
Figure 3-11 interface design of Manage User page
Figure 4-1 Login interface
Figure 4-2 Main screen interface
Figure 4-3 Mange students interface
Figure 4-4 Manage student enrolment
Figure 4-5 Student attendance interface
Figure 4-6 Import attendance list interface
Figure 4-7 Devices settings interface
Figure 4-8 New device interface
Figure 4-9 Account update interface

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 LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX TITLE PAGE

Appendix A Requirement Specification

Appendix B Project Proposal
Appendix C Progress Log Sheets
Appendix D Turnitin Report
Appendix E Presentation slides

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Problem Background

RFID is (radio frequency identification) an automatic identification device

that gathers momentum and is known by some people as one of the most prevalent
computer technologies in history. RFID is a concept similar to bar code in its
simplest form. It is viewed as a tool to enhance data processes and complements
current technologies. It is an evidenced technology and it has been used since the
1970s. Roberts, C. M. (2006).

The existed problem of the attendance, which contribute to other many

problems such as the efficiency of students that will be affected by high absence rate,
the effort wasted to collect the attendance. The RFID based attendance system using
IOT technology for educational institutions is needed to reduce the problems
regarding student attendance. The proposed attendance system utilizing RFID and
Node MCU with GUI and database could provide the needed solution of this
problem.
The system comprises three components which are the RFID reader, RFID
tag and Node MCU which responsible to receive and send the signals via Wi-Fi. The
RFID reader can read the RF of RFID tag. A portable recording device RFID reader
and Node MCU have to be designed and installed when students use RFID cards to
participate.
The attendance can be recorded by swiping the student's identification card
then the code of the card will be compared with the code in the database, if the match
fail the student information will not be monitored and the system will ask to register
first. Thereafter, signal will be transmitted via a Wi-Fi by using Node MCU to a
personal computer to be monitored on GUI. The data directly will be stored into the
database with all the student needed information and then the admin can monitor all
the registered students. In addition, the admin of the system can utilize the features
that will be provided such as importing the list or reports of registered students,
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adding new student, set up new RFID device, and etc. the attendance of students will
be shown accordingly of their registering time. For instance, there are two students
one of them registered in the beginning of class and the other registered in the middle
of the class the student who registered in the beginning of class will be in the list
before the other student.

1.2 Problem Statement

One of the really concerning issues at current time in schools and educational
institution is the participation (Attendance) of students. According to Earl Gillis &
Arthur C. Hearn (2015).

The instructor monitors and assess the attendance of the student only by
physical attendance sheet (piece of paper) during the entire semester. Before end of
the semester instructor has to insert the attendance record or hand them to faculty
staff to prepare attendance report, and here we see the serious problems which are.

1. Sometimes attendance record is lost, occurs especially when the lecturer

teaching many classes in this case lecturer has nothing to do except providing
wrong record.
2. The instructor does not know, if the attendance record is correct or wrong,
due to some students sign up the attendance for their friends which happen a
lot.
3. One of the most challenging problems (time-consuming) that faces the
instructors which is they have responsibilities to other classes as well thus
they do not have enough time calling every student by name to mark the
attendance and ends up inserting wrong attendance record.
4. Poor monitoring of attendance will encourage students to absent which is
effect student achievements record in educational institution as well as
educational institution efficiency and performance.
5. Some of implemented attendance systems have limitation which are lecturer
has to insert all student data manually in the system which time-consuming.

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 6. Expensive implementation and poor efficiency which are the implemented
face recognition systems that expensive to be implemented in many
educational institutions, as well as its accuracy to identify objects is poor and
still need to be developed.
7. Voice recognition attendance systems that have been implemented are not
very accurate due to can be affected by external noises and the body
condition.

1.3 Aims and Objectives

1.3.1 Project Aim

The main objective of the project is to develop attendance system using RFID
(Radio Frequency Identification) and GUI that able to monitor student attendance in
marshaled and convenient way. The other objectives are listed below.
1.3.2 Project Objectives

1. To enhance the student’s attendance system by using RFID and IOT

technologies.
2. To develop the RFID system in order to record attendance of students.
3. To test the efficiency of RFID attendance system in the educational
institution.

1.4 Project Scope

The scope of the project is to build up a student attendance system by

utilizing RFID technology. In this project, RFID technology will be implemented and
developed to collect more secure data of student attendance by putting their ID cart
on RFID reader. Moreover, RFID reader and Node MCU will be connected to PC
where the GUI and database thus will display every student attendance condition and

3
status. Besides, providing more flexibility and security on preparing student
attendance report. In addition, to implement this project suitable preparation will
done majority of the project by utilizing the chosen proper methodology.

When the project is done, an attendance system that will be launched for
students' attendance issues will be more functionality and efficiently by using RFID
reader and ID card of the student. The reason to develop this attendance system is to
solve the attendance problems that mentioned in problem statement and that still
existing for many years.

1.5 Functional and Non-Functional Requirements

1.5.1 Functional Requirements

Table 1-1 Functional Requirements

FR1 The system shall record attendance of students.

FR2 The system needs to identify each user RFID tag or card.
FR3 The system shall provide the data of registered students.

FR4 The system administrator should be able to monitor the signing

in time for the students.
FR5 The system shall turn on the green LED for 3 seconds when the
user signs in with the RFID card.
FR6 The system shall turn on the red LED for 3seconds when the
RFID card unrecognized.
FR7 The Node MCU shall send the signal of the RFID card through
Wi-Fi

1.5.2 Non-Functional Requirements

Table 1-2 Non-Functional Requirements

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 NFR1 The RFID reader with GUI and database should always be on
thus that the system could work.
NFR2 The administrator has the responsibility to set up ID card thus
that the system can operate as intended.
NFR3 The system will process attendance information as faster as
possible from the moment of submission.
NFR4 The system will provide access to only registered users.

NFR5 The administrator has the responsibility to set up new RFID

device.

NFR6 The system shall be able to generate attendance reports.

1.6 Resources

The study is conducting from different collection of authorized webpages,

related journals and books.

1.6.1 Hardware Requirements

 Computer or laptop
 RFID RC522 Reader with Tag
 Node MCU

1.6.2 Software Requirements

 Windows operating system

 Google Web browser
 Arduino IDE
 Adobe Dreamweaver/Notepad++
 Xampp Web Server
 MySQL Database

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1.7 Relationship to the courses

In the chapter 1, the discussion is on the background of the project. The problem
statement, its proposed solution that has discussed the existing problem and its
solution in full details. Scope of the project which has been discuss about the project
scope in full details. The objectives of the project have been given. The functional
and non-functional requirement of the proposed system. The software and hardware
requirements have been provided. These all have been discussed in the chapter 1.

In the chapter 2, the discussion is on the literature review, introduction has been
provided, and then has been given all details on the proposed system and compared
with similar existing systems. In addition, all the strength and limitations of the
existing systems have been discussed. The data collection has been done and
analyzed. In addition, summary on chapter 2 has been given as well.

In the chapter 3, introduction of the chapter, a full discussion is on the proposed

methodology, the system analysis and design which contain all the diagrams of the
system such as activity diagram which shows the activities that can be done by user
of the system, use case diagram with its descriptions, structural models which
describes the class diagram of the system, data model which describes ERD of the
designed database, and the interface design which describe the proposed appearance
and design of the system. The summary is on the end of chapter three.

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 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

This part provides relevant points evaluation from researches have been done
previously about automatic attendance systems development, and the importance of
attendance in the educational institutions. The literature review is review of the
system which will be implemented and developed as well review of the existing
systems that previously has been done by researchers. In addition, literature review
concentrates on the topic established ideas and knowledge along with their
weaknesses and strengths. The technology has become perfect to replace the old and
traditional manual systems, with computerized and developed systems instead. The
RFID attendance system has been utilized in various types in educational institutions
and employment sectors.

2.1 Introduction

The RFID attendance system is system for educational institutions utilizing to

record automatically the attendance of students. To fully functioning the system,
RFID module will be connected to GUI and database. According to GDP Maramis
and PTD Rompas, 2018, the one of the most significant and important factors of
managing human resource is the recording of attendance and also mentioned that
performance can be determined by presence detailed information. In the other hand,
the traditional attendance recordings time consuming, might some disadvantages
have caused while recording or the attendance not recorded in the worst cases
because of human fault. In this journal paper mentioned that utilization and
implementation of RFID has become wide speared in various systems such as
parking system, library management system and in the last few years also used to
develop automatic attendance systems.

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2.2 RFID based attendance system using IOT technology for educational
institutions

Attendance of students is strictly important gauge in many educational

institutions which utilized in different purposes. Students’ assessment, proportionate
attendance in the class, optimal promotion and record storage are included with these
purposes. Most educational institutions in developed countries, there is a minimum
attendance percentage required, and due to different defies of collecting the
attendance of students this rule has not been taken seriousness or abide. The
impersonation can be done when the attendance collected by traditional method. (O.
Shoewu, Ph.D. and O.A. Idowu, B.Sc, 2012).

The RFID based attendance system using IOT technology for educational
institutions is needed to end all the problems regarding student attendance. The
attendance system utilizing RFID with Node MCU and GUI with its database could
provide the needed solution of this problem. The proposed attendance system is
RFID and Node MCU hardware device interfered with the developed GUI and
database; the system will be developed for the daily utilization in educational
institution. Students will pass their identification card (RFID card), the identification
card code will be compared with the code has been registered to the system, the
attendance and all needed information will be stored in database once get matched,
and then the lecturer could import the attendance list to store it, the students in the
list are only whom attend the class.

2.3 Similar Existing System

There are many similar system has been found during the researching, after
seeing through some of these systems have limitation such as Student Attendance
Management which is time-consuming due to inserting data manually, A Low-cost
Remote Attendance Tracking System for Developing Regions which is the unique
identifier of the system has limitation that could get affected by body condition also
cannot prevent form impersonation, and Integrated System for Monitoring and

8
Recognizing Students during Class Session, which is time-consuming as well. So
these the main problems or limitations has been found on the previous systems that
the proposed system solved.

2.3.1 Student Attendance Management

According to Dhanashree A. G., 2011, it had shown that the software of

attendance system is needed to minimize the cost of used paper sheets and consumed
time in the manual attendance system. The major objective of this attendance system
is comparison between the proposed attendance system and the manual attendance
system cons. Moreover, it mentioned the proposed attendance system characteristic.
However, it has mentioned a simple application provided as proposed attendance
system include some of its features that assist in managing the attendance of students
in more effective and comfortable way.

As accorded in the research, the proposed attendance system does not include
hardware such as (RFID, scanner of barcode, and etc.), the computer set only
required to run the software. As also mentioned, the users required to install the
proposed attendance system to manage their students’ attendance. As accorded form
the research, in this attendance system some strengths can be found. The attendance
system reduces the users’ workload in attendance records management as a
computerized system. The attendance system has proven its effectiveness in
minimizing the sheets used in student attendance records, compared to manual
attendance system that consumes a lot of papers. Moreover, since the special
hardware not needed to run the proposed attendance system will be effortless
because it is simple system.

In the other hand, there are some limitations in solution provided by this
system which is desktop-based attendance system, the lecturers still need to insert
student records in every class which is time-consuming. The proposed attendance
system only minimizes the utilization of sheets; thus, it has changed the manual
attendance system to more advanced system but manual entry of data still needed.

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 Figure 2-1 ERD of Student Attendance Management

2.3.2 Integrated System for Monitoring and Recognizing Students during

Class Session

According to research of Mohammad A. et al., 2013, it has shown

comparison between the attendance systems and showed that the most efficient is
face recognition attendance system, also mentioned that the fastest and most accurate
is the method of face recognition between the other biometric attendance
management systems. The major objective of the research is to develop the
technology of face recognition to take-place the old traditional attendance system to
reduce the utilization of sheets and student response time. As accorded in the
research, the best one of the biometric attendance systems is face recognition due to
the people identity can be represented by face. Also accorded that classroom’s
camera will take and upload in the system photo of the whole students in class to
filter of their face, and later on the system will automatically check the student
attendance once the student’s face is successfully matched. In addition, the lecturer is
allowed to drop and insert the picture of student into the system if the reorganization
of student’s face failed by system. As mentioned in the research, that the face
recognition attendance system preferable than the traditional attendance system in

10
educational institution the activation of classroom’s camera needed to recognize the
students in classroom.

As accorded form the research, in this attendance system that utilize face
recognition some strengths can be found. High security feature provided by the
system which is the admin (lecturer) login into the system by utilization of their
username and password and taking picture of the students in class then the face
recognition will start by preform face filtering of the students. The attendance of
students will not be inserted until the picture uploaded by the lecturer which makes
the system more secure and convenient. The face detection sometimes cannot
recognize student's face so the system has provided a good feature that the lecturer
may upload picture of student that could match the picture in the database. The
attendance will be recorded for whom the face detection does not recognize by
providing this feature. As accorded in the research, the fake attendance percentage
will be minimized to almost zero percent of chance since everyone has different face
ID. The attendance does not need to be double checked due to automatically solved
by face recognition.

In the other hand, there are some limitations of face recognition attendance
system found. The lecturer still needs to upload the photos manually to record the
attendance through process of the face recognition. Controlling manually not
preferred solution since automation and mobility technologies have been developed
around the world as well as the system still need some improvement. Moreover, the
implementation of face recognition is very expensive specially needed to be in every
class this make the system invaluable. Additionally, CCTV and computer had to be
prepared by the educational institution to get the face recognition handled as well as
to be utilized in recorded the attendance by lecturer. In addition, sometimes system
of face recognition incapable to recognize or capture the faces of the students in the
class also another problem will be confronted which is the face recognition
technology is not widespread enough and still does not have a perfect accuracy in
recognition the face for example if there are twins the system may get wrong face ID.

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 Figure 2-2 System Framework of Integrated System for
Monitoring and Recognizing Students during Class Session

2.3.3 A Low-cost Remote Attendance Tracking System for Developing Regions

According to research of Reda A. et al., 2011, mentioned that is very

necessary consideration to track the employee and student attendance which improve
the students’ academic scores and the employee's work performance. In addition,
accorded that tracking the attendance of patients or students has been focused by
many of existed systems rather than employees or lecturers. Moreover. The
introduced techniques of the attendance system in the research are location tagging
combined with technology of voice recognition in collection the remote employee’s
attendance. The major research objective is remote agent’s attendance tracking (such
as employees, and lecturers) using low-cost methods, instead of the participants such
as patients and students. In addition, the research accorded that to minimize the cost
of hardware in collecting the remote agents’ attendance the development of the
system will be in mobile platform. The implementation of location tagging tools to
the system will be done, to track the remote agents’ location when they make their
attendance verification. Moreover, the verification of voice recognition could be
informed as forms of less particularity-sensitive.

There are some strengths can be found in this system that utilize voice
recognition technology to collect the attendance, according to the research. As
mentioned in research this attendance system is to track remote agents’ attendance
instead students. The additional hardware devices are not needed to be supplied by

12
the corporation which will be expenses-effectiveness, due to the development of the
system only in mobile platform in order to minimize the cost of development. The
mobile devices of remote agents only needed to get verified their attendance by
sending their voice and with location tagging tools combination which make the
utilization of the system simple. Besides, the systems that utilize voice recognition
could be informed as forms of less particularity-sensitive than the other forms of
biometric such as palm print and the fingerprint. Thus, the remote agents by sending
their voice for verification, they do not want to be concerned about privacy lack.

In the other hand, the attendance system that utilize voice recognition
technology has some limitations found from its solution. Since the system
development is done in mobile platform, the mobile phone of remote agents will be
required by the system in order to get their attendance verified. Moreover, the system
will collect the attendance remotely and in order to track the location of the users, the
system will require (GPS) Global Positioning System, thus the cellular network must
be provided while utilizing the system. Mostly everyone has at least one smartphone
nowadays. However, there are some whom do not own smartphone also who do not
have network connection of all the time or have network connection problems. So
the people who do not have smartphones or internet connection to get their
attendance verified will face a serious problem or difficulty. In addition, the body
condition can possibly affect voice recognition technology and may cause errors
while verifying the voice of the employee. For instance, the voice of person may
temporarily affected by sore throat that causes difficulties in recognizing the voice of
person or not recognised at all by the voice recognition and also the verification
could be affected by surrounding noise so errors may increase. The students’
attendance in educational institution cannot be tracked by voice recognition, due to
there are better biometric forms more occasion than voice recognition, the data
permanency must be guaranteed as methods of biometric.

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Figure 2-3 A Low-cost Remote Attendance Tracking System for
Developing Regions

14
 2.4 Comparing RFID based attendance system using IOT technology for
educational institutions with the existing systems

Table 2-3 Comparing RFID based attendance system using IOT

technology for educational institutions with the existing attendance
systems

Abilities Unique Prevent from Saves Detection Generating

Identifying Impersonation time of Lateness reports

systems

RFID based attendance system Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

using IOT technology for
educational institutions

Integrated System for Monitoring Yes Yes No No Yes

and Recognizing Students during
Class Session

Student Attendance Management No No No No No

A Low-cost Remote Attendance Yes No No No Yes

Tracking System for Developing
Regions

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2.5 Data Collection

Data collection is the process utilized to collect the data needed in order to
justify the problems of the research. The one of important stages to implement the
research is data collection, without collecting data, does not matter goodness of the
system that has been designing, the scholar will face difficulties or may not be able
to finish the research at all. Quantitative data and Qualitative data are two different
types of data collection.

Figure 2-4 Gender

As shown in the figure 2:4, the majority of response to this research are males, which
is 58.3 percent of them are males and 41.7 percent are females.

Figure 2-5 Age

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As shown in the figure 2:5, the majority of responses, are from people their ages
from 18 to 25, which is 33.3 percent of them are above 25 and 4.2 percent are below
18.

Figure 2-6 helping a friend with attendance

As shown in the figure 2:6, majority of responses which are 62.5 percent said that
they help their friends getting sign the attendance while the 37.5 of the said that they
have not helped their friends getting sign.

Figure 2-7 trying attendance system before

As shown in the figure 2:7, most of the respondents which are 58.3 percent, have
experienced attendance system in their educational institutions while 41.7 percent of
the have not experienced before.

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 Figure 2-8 skipping the class

As shown in the figure 2:8, the respondents who sometimes skip the class are 41.7
percent which are the majority, the respondents who seldom skip the class are 25
percent, and the respondents who never skip the class are 33.3 percent.

Figure 2-9 reasons of skipping class

As shown in the figure 2:9, the majority of respondents have other reasons of skip
the class, which are 54.2 percent, while 16.7 percent of respondents their reason is
sleeping, as well as 16.7 percent of respondents do not skip the class at all, while
some respondents which their reason doing assignment are 8.3 percent, and 4.2
percent hanging out.

Figure 2-10 academic results based on attendance rate

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As shown in the figure 2:10, the majority of respondents which are 45.8 percent
agree that academic results based on attendance rate, the respondents that said maybe
are 41.7 percent, and the rest of respondents which are 12.5 percent disagree.

Figure 2-11 satisfying on current system

As shown in the figure 2:11, 50 percent of respondents are satisfied, while the other
50 percent of are not satisfied.

Figure 2-12 improvement of collecting attendance

As shown in the figure 2:12, the majority of respondents think that collecting the
attendance should be improve, the other respondents which are 29.2 percent do not
know, while none of the respondents think should not be improve.

19
 Figure 2-13 importance of attendance

As shown in the figure 2:13, the majority of respondents very important the
attendance to them, the 33.3 percent of them important to them, 12.5 percent not
important to them at all.

Figure 2-14 advanced systems

As shown in the figure 2:14, the majority of the respondents which are 70.8 percent
think that educational institutions should have advanced attendance system, while
29.2 of them think that maybe educational institutions should have advanced
attendance system, no one of respondents think that educational institutions should
not have advanced attendance system.

20
 Figure 2-15 implementation of attendance systems

As shown in the figure 2:15, the majority of the respondents which are 62.5 percent
think that implementation of developed attendance system will be perfect idea, 25
percent of them think the current systems are good, and 12.5 percent do not know.

Figure 2-16 Hearing about RFID attendance system

As shown in the figure 2:16, the majority of the respondents which are 58.3 percent
have heard about RFID attendance systems, 41.7 percent have not heard.

Figure 2-17 Trying RFID attendance system

21
As shown in the figure 2:17, the majority of the respondents which are 83.3 percent
have not experienced any RFID attendance system in educational institution, while
16.7 percent have tried before in educational institution.

Figure 2-18 RFID attendance system

As shown in the figure 2:18, 37.5 of respondents think RFID attendance system is
perfect and the other 37.5 percent of them do not know, 25 percent of think is good,
while no one of the respondent's think is bad.

Figure 2-19 features provided by RFID

As shown in the figure 2:19, the majority of respondents which are 66.7 percent
think that RFID technology can provide features to develop attendance system, 8.3
percent think that RFID technology cannot provide features to develop attendance
system, while 25 percent think that maybe RFID technology can provide features to
develop attendance system.

22
 Figure 2-20 implementation of RFID attendance system

As shown in the figure 2:20, 62.5 percent of the respondents think that
implementation of RFID attendance system would help solving the problem of
attendance, and 33.3 percent think that maybe the implementation of RFID
attendance system would help solving the problem of attendance, while 4.2 percent
think that implementation of RFID attendance system would not help solving the
problem of attendance.

2.6 Summary

In conclusion, the author has researched on student attendance system in this

chapter, different attendance systems have been reviewed in details. In addition, after
researching the strengths and limitations have written in details, some of the
limitations have been faced in various system such as time-consuming and unique
identifier which just transferred the traditional methods of taking the attendance to
computerize system. However, the lecturer still have to enter the attendance
manually in the system in order to record the attendance so the proposed system
would solve some of the limitations have been found during the reviewing and
researching on similar systems.

23
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 Introduction

This chapter will include the proposed methodology that utilized in this
project, analysis, and design of the system. The proposed methodology has been
discussed in details, and each phase has discussed briefly, the work progress of the
phases has written in details. In addition, this chapter includes Use Case diagram
with its descriptions of each case, Activity diagram that describes all the activities
that can be done on the system, structural model which consist Class diagram has
been designed and data model that describes the design of database. Moreover, the
proposed interface design which describes the proposed GUI of the system.

3.2 Proposed Methodology

The proposed methodology of this project is agile methodology. Agile

methodology is light weight development methodology that widely utilized in
diversity of industry projects, also uses prototyping and iterative development which
able to get requirements' changes satisfied. In this methodology uses short iterations
which required for delivery of efficient product. To arrange the prompt shifts in the
requirements the processes of Traditional software development are not effective too
much however, the Agile pros, and cons of this methodology declare that
methodology of agile not success to interest in design and architectural problems,
thus obligatory to make few design-decisions. (Gaurav Kumar & Pradeep Kumar
Bhatia, August 2012). These are the six phases of agile methodology.

In the first phase which is Requirements all needed requirements will be gathered in
order to develop the system of student attendance.

25
In the second phase, which is designing, several researches have been done on
products of current attendance system, to ensure that system will work as planned.
Moreover, to confirm that tools and components chosen to develop this system are
perfect.

In the third phase, which is development, the student attendance system will be
developed as prototype.

In the fourth phase, which is testing, the attendance system prototype will be tested
to ensure that all system functions are working as well as some experiment of the
prototype will be done.

In the fifth phase, which is deploying, the system will be deployed to utilize it and
ensure that is perfect in real environment.

In the sixth phase, which is review, as the last phase the review will be conducted to
identify the status of the system.

Figure 3-21 Methodology of RFID Attendance system

26
3.3 System Analysis and Design

This part is contained analysis and design of RFID based attendance system
using IOT technology for educational institutions. The requirement gathered during
preparation and requirement process will be analyzed and converted into the design
that fulfil the defined requirement. In addition, contains some of the diagrams that
has been designed such as Use Case Diagram, Activity Diagram, Class Diagram and
Entity Relationship Diagram. Moreover, full design of the system interface has been
designed as well.

27
3.3.1 Use Case Model

The use case diagram of RFID based attendance system using IOT
technology for educational institutions, consist of six use cases and two actors. The
Lecturer/Faculty is primary actor of the system who can login to the system as
manager to the system, the student is secondary actor and will be involved only in
sign attendance use case, to submit the attendance by using the student card.

Figure 3-22 Use Case Diagram of RFID based attendance system

using IOT technology for educational institutions

28
3.3.2 Use Case Descriptions

This part contains the full descriptions of the use cases and full details has
written such as description of the use case, main flows and alternate flows.

Table 3-4 Use Case Description of Login

Use Case: Login

Actor Lecturer/Faculty
Description This use case allows the Lecturer/Faculty to login in RFID
attendance system, and to access the functions of the system, the
Lecturer have to enter their email provided by educational
institution and password, after making login the homepage will be
displayed by the system.
Main Flow 1. The Lecturer/Faculty of the RFID attendance system inserts the
username and the password.
2. The Lecturer/Faculty submits the username and the password.
3. The system validates the username and the password.
4. The system verifies the username and the password.
5. The system displays homepage of the user.
6. The use case of login ends.
Alternate Invalid username and/or password.
Flow 1. The system displays message “wrong username and/or
password”.
2. The system request again the username and the password.
3. The use case resumes main flow, step 1.

29
 Table 3-5 Use Case Description of Students List

Use Case: Student's list

Actor Lecturer/Faculty
Description This use case allows the Lecturer/Faculty to display the list of
students and their information.
Main Flow 7. The Lecturer/Faculty submits button of students list.
8. The system displays all the registered students.
9. The use case of students list ends.
Alternate No data
Flow 4. The system display no data.

Table 3-6 Use Case Description of Login

Use Case: Manage students

Actor Lecturer/Faculty
Description This use case allows the Lecturer/Faculty to add and update
students, the Lecturer/Faculty has to provide all the information
included RFID card number. In addition, updating the information
of existing students, the submission the system displays adding/
updating done.
Main Flow 10. The Lecturer/Faculty submits button of manage students.
11. The system displays information form and the list of registered
students.
12. The Lecturer/Faculty insert student information.
13. The Lecturer/Faculty submits the information of student.
14. The system validates the information of student.
15. The system displays the student information inserted.
16. The Lecturer/Faculty select the information of student.
17. The Lecturer/Faculty update the information of student.
18. The system validates the updated information of student.
19. The system displays the student information updated.
20. The Lecturer/Faculty delete the information of student.
21. The system displays the student information deleted.
22. The use case of manage student ends.
Alternate Wrong information / wrong RFID card number.
Flow 8. The system displays message wrong information.
9. The system requests again the information.
10. The system returns to main flow, step 12.
Add / update student information.
11. The system displays message information added / updated.
12. The system returns to main flow, step 12.

30
 Delete student information.
13. The system displays the student information deleted.
14. The system returns to main flow, step 12.

Table 3-7 Use Case Description of Sign Attendance

Use Case: Sign attendance

Actor Primary actor: Lecturer/Faculty, Secondary actor: Student.
Description This use case allows the Lecturer/Faculty to monitor the student
who signed their attendance, and allows the students sign their
attendance, the students have to submit the RFID card to the reader
to install their information with signing in time in the list.
Main Flow 23. The Lecturer/Faculty submits button of sign attendance.
24. The system displays the list of signed students.
25. The student submits the attendance.
26. The system validates the information of student.
27. The system displays the student attendance in the list.
28. The Lecturer/Faculty imports the list of attendance.
29. The system displays message list imported.
30. The use case of sign attendance ends.
Alternate Submit wrong information / wrong RFID card
Flow 15. The system displays message wrong information.
16. The system requests again the information.
17. The system returns to main flow, step 23.

Table 3-8 Use Case Description of Manage Device

Use Case: Manage device

Actor Lecturer/Faculty
Description This use case allows the Lecturer/Faculty to add and delete device,
deleting the information of existing devices, after the submission,
system displays adding/ deleting done.
Main Flow 31. The Lecturer/Faculty submits button of manage device.
32. The system displays information of devices.
33. The Lecturer/Faculty adds new device.
34. The system displays new device added.
35. The Lecturer/Faculty deletes the device.
36. The system displays device deleted.
37. The use case of manage device ends.
Alternate delete device
Flow 18. The system displays warning message.
19. The system returns to main flow, step 30.
Add device

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 20. The system displays message device added.
21. The system returns to main flow, step 30.

Table 3-9 Use Case Description of Update User

Use Case: Update user

Actor Lecturer/Faculty
Description This use case allows the Lecturer/Faculty to add and delete device,
deleting the information of existing devices, after the submission,
system displays adding/ deleting done.
Main Flow 38. The Lecturer/Faculty submits button of update user.
39. The system displays information of the user.
40. The Lecturer/Faculty insert the updated information of the user
and the password.
41. The Lecturer/Faculty submits updating button.
42. The system displays user information updated.
43. The use case of update user ends.
Alternate Wrong password
Flow 22. The system displays message wrong password.
23. The system returns to main flow, step 38.

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3.3.3 Activity Diagram

Activity diagram that has been drawn shows all the activities that can be done
by user of RFID based attendance system using IOT technology for educational
institutions such as login manage students or device and importing list.

Figure 3-23 Activity Diagram of RFID attendance system

33
3.3.4 Structural Model

Class diagram is structural model which identifies the classes and the
relationship of the classes to the system. As shown below in figure 3:4, the system
has four classes which are User, Student, Device and Attendance.

Figure 3-24 Class Diagram of RFID attendance system

34
3.3.5 Data Model

This part contains the Entity Relationship Diagram which show the
relationship between the entities as well as graphical representation of entities. As
shown in figure 3:5, the designed database consists of four tables which are User,
Device, Attendance and Students.

Figure 3-25 Entity Relationship Diagram of RFID attendance

system

35
3.3.6 Propose screen design/wireframe/interface design

A propose screen design is an overview of the appearance style, each

competent creative and technological use a storyboard that can contour the look and
method of development. When developers of a website are in the styling process,
interface design is normally one aspect of the first phase.

3.3.6.1 Login page

Figure 3-26 interface design of Login page

Figure 3:6, shows the proposed interface design that describes the Login page
appearance and design of RFID attendance system. Lecturer/Faculty will be allowed
to login to the system from this page.

36
3.3.6.2 Student list page

Figure 3-27 interface design of Student List page

Figure 3:7, shows the proposed interface design that describes the Student List page
appearance and design of RFID attendance system. The Lecturer/Faculty will be
allowed to monitor all registered students from this page.

37
3.3.6.3 Manage students' page

Figure 3-28 interface design of Manage Students page

Figure 3:8, shows the proposed interface design that describes Manage Student page
appearance and design of RFID attendance system. The Lecturer/Faculty will be
managing student such as adding, updating and deleting students from this page.

38
3.3.6.4 Attendance page

Figure 3-29 interface design of Attendance page

Figure 3:9, shows the proposed interface design that describes Attendance page
appearance and design of RFID attendance system. The Lecturer/Faculty will be
monitoring and importing attendance list from this page.

39
3.3.6.5 Manage device page

Figure 3-30 interface design of Manage Device page

Figure 3:10, shows the proposed interface design that describes Manage Device page
appearance and design of RFID attendance system. The Lecturer/Faculty will be
allowed to add and delete RFID device from this page.

40
3.3.6.6 Manage user page

Figure 3-31 interface design of Manage User page

Figure 3:11, shows the proposed interface design that describes Manage User page
appearance and design of RFID attendance system. The Lecturer/Faculty will be
allowed to update their information from this page.

41
3.4 Chapter Summary

In conclusion, the author has given the proposed methodology and discussed
on each phase of the project. Moreover, analysis and design of RFID attendance
system has been done, which are use case model and its description on every case
with main flow and alternate flow, activity diagram that designed to view all the
activities provided to the Lecturer, structural model which contain the designed class
diagram of RFID attendance system, data model which is entity relationship diagram
that describes the relationships between the entities and proposed interface design of
RFID attendance system, thus all has been discussed briefly and designed.

42
 CHAPTER 4

IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Introduction

The implementation is performed to guarantee that the system has been

developed meets its objectives and accomplish user requirement. Thus,
implementation chapter will provide all required information about the
implementation and results of the developed system which is RFID based attendance
system using IOT technology for educational institutions.
Several programming languages have been used to implement and develop
this system. Moreover, PHP programming language has been used in order to
develop the system, Dreamweaver compiler used to code the system in in different
programming languages. In addition, template interface Bootstrap v3.3.4 has been
utilized, in this system open-source database has been used, MySQL used to setup
the database. Additionally, Apache used to run the local host server by through
XAMPP control panel v3.2.4. The C++ programming language used to program
RFID reader and Node MCU to send the signal to the database by utilizing Arduino
Uno compiler

4.2 Design Overview

The design overview describes users’ roles in RFID based attendance system
using IOT technology for educational institutions system. The system has two users
which they are administration and student which will be only involved in collecting
attendance. The admin has access to all information regarding registered students and

43
their attendance. In addition, the admin can add new RFID device and connect it.
They can add new card UID under student information.

4.3 HCI Consideration

Internet of Things with RFID has recently attracted increased interest from
industry and academia. Internet of Things is a scenario which is people are provided
with RFID tag (unique identifiers) and the ability to automatically transfer data
across the network without the need of requiring human computer interaction. The
Internet of Things essential block are RFID forms where RFID devices are small
wireless chips used to tag objects for automatic identification. RFID systems consist
of a reading device which is responsible for reading tag unique code called a reader,
and one or more tags that contain the unique code. The design of system is
uuncomplicated to use human can interact easily due to flexibility of the design.

4.3.1 Product Design

The IoT and RFID as one device with the designed interface provides high
efficiency. The IoT (Node MCU) is responsible for sending data wirelessly to the
database (MySQL) and RFID device responsible for reading the students data
recorded under the unique code of RFID tag with the designed interface. The product
designed to be unpretentious and efficient in utilization, the system designed to make
collection of the attendance easier thus, the interface design is convenient to be
learned by the user and the registration of students and setting up devices are suitable
to the system’s user. The system running very smooth which prevented from getting
errors. The RFID device is designed to be portable and connected to the system with
USB cable.

44
4.3.2 Product Usability

The system design is focused on the usability and simplicity to record

students’ attendance with consideration of efficiency of the system features, due to if
the designed features fit their requirement the user will be attracted to use the system
as well as the designed features of system can be learned easily by the target user
without any complications or difficulty.

4.4 Implementation

In this part, the results of the system will be shown in detail from registering
a tag and enrolling new student to reading the RFID tag that under student attendance
details to be stored in database and displayed in the system interface. Moreover,
when reading the RFID tag and at the same time, attendance will be stored in
database which the student attendance can be imported from database to an excel
file. Screenshots of the system will be provided and all the function and features will
be explained in next paragraphs.

45
 Figure 4-32 Login interface

The figure 4:1, shows the login interface from here the lecture or admin can
login to the system

Figure 4-33 Main screen interface

The figure 4:2, shows the information of students registered to the system and
their card unique identifier number.

46
 Figure 4-34 Mange students' interface

Figure 4-35 Manage student enrolment

The figure 4:3 and 4:4, shows the interface of mange student, to enrol new
student device mode must be on enrolment and when the tag placed on the reader the
card unique identifier number will be monitored on the manage student interface as
shown in figure 4:4, the student information must be entered after selecting the new

47
tag to finalizing the enrolment of the new student to delete or update student the card
unique identifier number of students must be selected.

Figure 4-36 Student attendance interface

48
 Figure 4-37 Import attendance list interface

The figure 4:5, show the students who signed the attendance with their
entering time and exiting time, in figure 4:6, the date and time can be filtered as well
as students and departments then imported to excel.

49
 Figure 4-38 Device's settings interface

Figure 4-39 New device interface

The figures 4:7 and 4:8, show the device settings interface that allows the
management to setup new RFID device and copying its token to be coded with
Arduino RFID device code to make the connection, the device can be utilized to

50
enrol new student or to collect attendance which mode of the device must be on
enrolment mode to enrol students or attendance mode to collect their attendance. In
addition, RFID device can be removed or update its token.

Figure 4-40 Account update interface

The figure 4:9, shows the interface of administration account updating allow
the admin to update the account.

51
 Figure 4-41 RFID and Node MCU device

Figure 4-10, shows the RFID device which is the RFID-RC522 connected to Node
MCU. In this part the Node MCU utilized as micro-controller unit to transfer the
information of students, and the RFID-RC522 reader reads the unique identifier
number of student RFID tag. The working process of the system is students submit
the RFID tag under their names in timing in to RFID reader and then the student
information with their timing in will be send to the database and displayed student
attendance interface and when the students leaving, have to submit the RFID tag to
record the time out. The connection that between RFID and Node MCU has been
connected using jumper wires which is SDA connected to D4, SCK connected to D5
and MOSI connected to D7, MISO connected to D6, GND connected to G, and RST
connected to D3, V3.3 connected to V3.

52
4.4.1 System Features

Figure 4-42 Wi-Fi connection Arduino code

The figures 4-13, is the programming statements that provides

features to make connection between the RFID reader, Node MCU and the
database. In figure 4-11 shows the code of Wi-Fi connection, SSID, password
and IP address of server, computer or laptop with Node MCU. Libraries for
both RFID-RC522 and Node MCU. The figure 4-12, shows programming
code that provide feature sending card UID to database. Figure 4-14, shows
the Wi-Fi connection and preventing the Node MCU from reconnection
issues.

53
 Figure 4-43 Import to excel

Figure 4-15, shows the programming code that provide feature to import attendance
list to excel file as well as filtering the attendance based on entering and exiting time
and date, student name and department.

54
 Figure 4-44 Manage Student code

Figure 4-16, shows the programming code that provide features to register
new RFID card under student information and allows the management to manage the
student info or to remove any student.

55
 Figure 4-45 Student Attendance submission

Figure 4-18, shows PHP code which provide the feature to collect students’
attendance along with the submission time and date of their RFID card.

56
4.4.2 Data implementation

The following tables are the database tables that store all students’
information as they store the students’ attendance records.

Figure 4-46 Database Tables

Figure 4-20, shows the database tables of the system that contain
administration information, devices connected to the system, students registered in
the system and students’ attendance records that will be explained in next
paragraphs.

Figure 4-47 Administration Table

Figure 4-21, shows admin table that contains administrations data which are
admin name, email and password, Moreover, administration only have access to the
system.

57
 Figure 4-48 Device Table

Figure 4-22, shows devices table the contains data about devices that install
and connected to the system which are device name, device department, device
unique identifier (token), device installation date, and device mode which are
enrolment or attendance.

Figure 4-49 Students Table

Figure 4-23, shows registered students’ table which contain data about
student who registered in the system, the data contained in this table are name, ID,
gender, email, card unique identifier, registration date, device unique identifier, and
department.

58
 Figure 4-50 Student Logs Table

Figure 4-24, shows students’ attendance table that contains data about
students’ attendance records, which are name, ID, card unique identifier number,
device unique identifier number that user to record students’ attendance, attendance
date, time in, time out.

59
4.5 Test Plan

Test plan is the one of the most important phases in implementation of this
project, during the implementation of RFID with Node MCU, and GUI with database
failures have been found, fixed and test to ensure that system working as expected
and in perfect condition. The test plan will be explained in details on next
paragraphs.

4.5.1 Features to be tested

The important testing phase is on RFID module and Node MCU module to
ensure that they are function as intended, especially during their connection major
work have been done to be sure that are connected without any failures or struggles.
Moreover, many features have been tested during the implementation which are
getting data from RFID and Node MCU, importing student records to excel, time in
and time out records and getting device token features. In addition, testing has been
done during the implementation of the database. All these features have been testing.

4.5.2 Pass/Fail Criteria

After the system implemented, testing phase has been done to find errors and
bugs that may occur as in the errors analysis program, connection error and logic
errors. after the test plan was developed and fix the failures and errors, the system
has been evaluated to determine whether the system performance fully of pass
without any failures as well as to ensure all requirements have accomplished.

60
 Figure 4-51 wrong E-mail

Figure 4-52 Wrong password

Figure 4-20 and 4-21, show the message displaying when the e-mail or the
password is wrong.

61
 Figure 4-53 Logged in successfully

Figure 4-22, shows the message when the login is successfully passed.

Figure 4-54 Card selected

Figure 4-23, shows the message when the UID card selected for the table.

62
 Figure 4-55 Student added

Figure 4-24, show the message when the student successfully added.

Figure 4-56 No selected student to remove

Figure 4-25 shows the wrong message that displaying when the submission of
remove student done without selecting any student.

63
 Figure 4-57 No selected student to be updated

Figure 4-26 shows the wrong message that displaying when the submission of
update student done without selecting any student.

Figure 4-58 Student updated

Figure 4-27 shows the message when the student successfully updated.

64
 Figure 4-59 Student ID already exist

Figure 4-28 shows the wrong message when the student ID duplicated.

Figure 4-60 student Deleted

65
 Figure 4-61 Attendance filtered

Figure 4-30, shows the message when the attendance filtered.

Figure 4-62 New device added

Figure 4-31 shows the message when new device added.

66
 Table 4-10 Login page procedure

Step Procedure Expected Result Pass/Fail

1 login page Preview Page successfully Pass
loaded
2 Insert incorrect invalid username or Error message will be Pass
password and login displayed.
3 Enter correct details or valid and login Login successful Pass
class enroll page
display

Table 4-11 Mange student page procedure

Step Procedure Expected Result Pass/Fail

1 Click Manage students on Form of student registration and Pass
navigation bar. table of registered students will
be displayed
2 Submit RFID card to the New card UID will be added Pass
reader
3 Select Card UID The card selected Pass

4 Add student information The Student registered to the Pass

under the selected UID system

5 Select and add empty UID The fields are empty Pass
card

6 Select and update empty UID First you need to add student Pass
card

7 Select UID card registered Student updated Pass

under student info and enter
new info and submit update

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8 Select and remove student or Student or UID card removed Pass
UID card

9 Filed to send UID to Card UID will not be displayed Pass

database on the screen

Table 4-12 Student attendance page procedure

Step Procedure Expected Result Pass/Fail

1 Click on Student Attendance Page successfully loaded and pass
student attendance table
displayed.
2 Click on import attendance list Filtering and importing Pass
attendance window will be
displayed
3 Choose exact date and time or The attendance of filtered pass
student and department and students will be displayed
click on filter
4 Click on import The list of attendance will Pass
saved as excel file

Table 4-13 Setting page cases

Step Procedure Expected Result Pass/Fail

1 Click on sittings Registered devices Pass
will be displayed
2 Click on update device token Device UID will be Pass
updated
3 Click on device mode The device mode will Pass
be changed

4 Click on new device and insert device The new device will Pass

68
 name and department and click on be inserted to the
create new device table

4.5.3 Test Cases

Test cases have done in this project are on recording students’ attendance,
identification of RFID tag or card, the ability to monitor the signing in time for the
students, and the Node MCU ability to send the signal of the RFID card through Wi-
Fi functions. These are all test cases have been done this project.

Manage Students
1. Registering new card UID and add it under students’ information.
2. Selecting and updating students’ information.
3. Selecting and removing students.
Students Attendance
1. Submission of student attendance within time in and time out.
2. Displaying of student information after registering the attendance.
3. Filtering of students’ attendance list by name, department, date, and
time in/out.
4. Importing of students list.
Device Settings
1. Adding new device.
2. Deleting device.
3. Updating device UID.
Database
1. Connection of the database.
RFID RC-522 and Node MCU
1. RFID reader.
2. Wi-Fi connection of Node MCU and transferring of data.
3. The connection between Node MCU and RFID.
These all-test cases have been done.

69
4.6 Conclusion

In conclusion, this chapter has explained all the implementation phases that
have been done during the implementation in details, the design overview has been
discussed. The usability of system, HCI considerations, design, features
implementation, and testing. These are all the parts of chapter 4 that have been
discussed and all required information given.

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 CHAPTER 5

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5.1 Introduction

In this chapter, all the results of the system will be discussed based on the
system interface has been monitored and important system features code have been
captured in previous chapter. In addition, the results of the project which will be
describing the goal have been achieved, evaluation of the product which is the
strengths and weakness of delivering the requirement, evaluation of the project
process and future works which will assist developing the system more. All these
results and discussions of RFID based attendance system using IOT technology for
educational institutions will be discussed in details.

5.2 Results of the project

This RFID based attendance system using IOT technology for educational
institutions system followed and delivered all the objectives have been mentioned in
chapter 1. In addition, all functions of the system mentioned have been successfully
developed. The system is flexible for user to utilize and manage the student's
attendance. The system implemented as web application by utilizing Dreamweaver
and Arduino to program RFID and Node MCU. Therefore, the project objectives
have been followed successfully to solve the problem has been mentioned.

5.3 Evaluation of the product

The implemented system has met most of the requirements which are
managing students, adding new device, and collecting the attendance. However,
some problem occurs during the utilization of the system. These are the list of the
problems or weakness.

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 i. There is sometimes delaying in transferring the signal of RFID to the
system which is when the user enrol new UID card takes few seconds
to be monitored in system interface.

ii. All the students that registered the system from different departments
will displaying in the together and will be classified based on their
department or course.

iii. The attendance of all students will be monitored in student attendance

interface. However, can be filtered.

5.4 Evaluation of the project process

This project has been done based on software and hardware work, which is
for the software has been searching and coding to provide the GUI (graphical user
interface) that make collecting attendance simpler. Moreover, for the hardware
process has been searching to find the best devices could provide most of functions
that could assist in collecting attendance. During the process of this project has been
searching and finding the best solution that could solve or assist in solving the
problem regarding students’ attendance.

5.5 Future Works

The feature of RFID which is reading data stored on the tag and the feature
Wi-Fi model (Node MCU) have been fully utilized and developed to assist in
collecting students’ attendance by just placing the RFID tag over RFID reader that

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will be placed at classrooms entrance. There is future work that assist in making the
system more advanced.
i. Ability to add students under different subjects and attendance list
separated for each subject.

ii. Connecting this system with advanced educational institutions

systems.

iii. developing RFID system and implementing the system that provide
feature for students to register the attendance form apart, they do not
have to RFID card on device any more.

CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

6.1 Introduction

The RFID based attendance system using IOT technology for educational
institutions is developed and implemented with the purpose to improve and automate
the current procedure and processes of previously implemented systems and manual
recording of attendance that still in utilization. During the developing and
implementation 3 major scopes of functions had to be prepared which include Node

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MCU, RFID reader and system interface. The system has been developed using
Arduino and Dreamweaver which are used due to their open sources and more easy
than other programming languages to get user interface programmed. Overall, the
project objectives are achieved. The user interface, and RFID device for recording
students’ attendance purpose where the RFID device connected to computer and WI-
FI by utilizing the Wi-Fi model. This system can be purposed to be implemented in
educational institution to assist the management system in recording attendance of
students.

6.2 Recommendations

There are recommendations can be made in this project. Recommendations

do not mean to change this wholly project. However, to improve certain aspects and
to consider some factors. The first recommendation is to design RFID reader that
receive the signal from meters away. The second recommendation is to develop the
system more by connecting it to available systems in schools and universities. The
other recommendations are to develop the system to be controlling the attendance in
whole educational institution. Research is needed to be made to make work
successfully.

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Appendix A Requirement Specification

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Appendix B Project Proposal

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Appendix C Progress Log Sheets

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Appendix D Turnitin Report

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Appendix E Presentation slides

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