• Active and Passive Devices (Cabling, Switches and Network

Interfaces)
• A Wired Computer Network (LAN) is basically a combination
of various Active and Passive Network Components.
– Network Switches
– Cat 5 UTP (Un-shielded Twisted Pair) Copper Cables
– Cat 5 UTP Patch Cords
– Network Rack
– I/O Box and Face Plate
– UTP Patch Panel
– Optical Fiber Cables
– Fiber Patch Panel/ Patch Cords
• Student should be able to understand active and passive
devices of a Local Area Network.
• Student should be able to recognize what type of cables use
for Local Area Network.
• Student should be able to select what type of switch
requirement for develop a Local area network.
• Student should be able to identify Network Interface for Local
Area Network.
What is Active and Passive Devices of a LAN

• Active device is a device which generally needs a separate

power (apart from the signal) to operate, while a passive
device does not need any separate power source to operate.
• Active Electronic devices that accept and distribute traffic
within the local network.
• Passive Equipment like cables, Ethernet cable, patch cords,
face plates and things like.
• Switches, routers firewall would fall under active network
devices.
Cabling of a LAN
Ethernet Technologies
• 10BASE-T
• An Ethernet technology that uses a star topology.
• The ten (10) represents a speed of 10 Mbps, the BASE
represents baseband transmission and the T represents
twisted-pair cabling
Coaxial Cable
• A copper-cored network cable surrounded by a heavy
shielding
• Types of coaxial cable:
•Thicknet or 10Base5 - Coaxial cable that was used in
networks and operated at 10 megabits per second with a
maximum length of 500 m
•Thinnet or 10Base2 - Coaxial cable that was used in
networks and operated at 10 megabits per second with a
maximum length of 185 m
•RG-59 - Most commonly used for cable television in the
US
•RG-6 - Higher quality cable than RG-59 with more
bandwidth and less susceptibility to interference
Twisted-Pair Cabling

• A pair of twisted wires forms a circuit that transmits data.

• The twisted wires provide protection against crosstalk
(electrical noise) because of the cancellation effect.
• Pairs of copper wires are encased in color-coded plastic
insulation and twisted together.
• An outer jacket of poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) protects the
bundles of twisted pairs.
• There are two types of this cable:
• Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP)
– (Cat 3, Cat 5, 5e ,Cat 6 and Cat 7)
• Shielded twisted-pair (STP)
Copper Cabling

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cable

Coaxial cable
Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) Cable
Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) Cable
Coaxial Cable
Cooper Media Safety

The Separation of data and Power Cable must be connected correctly

Installation must be inspected foe damage Equipment must be grounded Correctly

UTP Cabling Standards
UTP Connectors (RJ45)
Types of UTP Cable
Testing UTP Cables
Crimping UTP Cables
Active Network Components (Network Switches)
• Network Switches are the basic components of an IP Network. All
the network endpoints (like PC’s, Laptops, Printers, etc..) connect to
these switches. As the name goes, they switch (distribute) the data
received from one node to any other node in the network. The
network switches come in a variety of configurations, and the
popular ones are mentioned below:

• 8 Port – 10/100/1000 Mbps

• 16 Port – 10/100/1000 Mbps

• 24 Port – 10/100/1000 Mbps

• 48 Port – 10/100/1000 Mbps

Network Switches Continue…

• Some network switches are of Un-managed type – You can just

connect the computers to them, connect them to adjacent switches
and extend the network, but beyond that function, not much
functionalities/ management features are supported by them. The
advantages of unmanaged switches are their cost – they are
inexpensive.
• Some network switches are of Semi-Managed type – They come
with a web browser-based management interface, limited QoS
configurations, VLAN configuration, 802.1x support and other such
limited management features required for the management of the
critical functionalities of the network. But these management
features are limited to what is determined by the manufacturer.
These switches are slightly more expensive than the unmanaged
variety but less expensive than fully manageable switches.
Network Switches Continue…

• Some network switches are Fully Manageable – They allow

the configurations of VLAN’s per port, allow VLAN trunking,
support web-based management functionalities, support
SNMP/RMON protocols so that each port can be monitored by
an SNMP based network management system, support RSTP
(Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) so that alternates cabling
paths can be created for uplinking, support Link Aggregation
so that couple of cables from individual ports can connect to
the uplink switch with double the speed, support port
mirroring for management/ call recording, support stacking
and many other such useful features which help in
maintaining a network.
Network Switches Continue…
Layer 3 Switches

• As the network becomes bigger and bigger, it becomes

difficult to manage all the nodes using a single layer 2 network
segment. One of the main problem with such unsegmented
networks are broadcasts which can create performance
bottlenecks on large networks. Another issue is the spreading
of virus and botnets – with a segmented network, these
remain mostly within their segments. That’s why VLAN’s are
supported on large networks which segment the network
based on the location/ department/ application etc.
Passive Network Components

• Structured Cabling has become quite common for inter-

connecting the various active devices in an IP network. So the
following passive components are commonly utilized in an IP
Network for Structured Cabling:
– Cat 5 UTP (Un-shielded Twisted Pair) Copper Cables
– Cat 6 UTP Patch Cords
– Network Rack
– I/O Box and Face Plate
– UTP Patch Panel
– Optical Fiber Cables
– Fiber Patch Panel/ Patch Cords
Cat 5 UTP (Un-shielded Twisted Pair) Copper Cables

• These are the network cables that connect a PC/ endpoint to

a network switch. Some times, they are also used to provide
inter-connectivity between switches as long as the distance is
not greater than 90 meters, which is the distance they
support for transmitting data without using any repeater
(repeater function is provided by using network switches).
Cat 5 UTP Patch Cords

• These are one meter/ 2 meter factory crimped cables with RJ-
45 connectors installed at both ends. Actually, the Cat 6
Cables are not recommended to be directly terminated in
either the network switch or the PC/endpoint. Only the patch
cords terminate on both devices and connect to the Cat 6
Network cable through an I/O Box and UTP patch panel.
Network Rack

• Network Racks are either wall mounted or Floor Standing

types depending upon their size. Common sizes of network
racks range from 6U to 42U. All the network equipments are
designed in multiples of 1U so as to be accommodated in to
these racks with standard fittings. They generally have a width
of 19”. The network racks come with a glass door, lock and
key, fans required for cooling, trays, power supplies, cable
managers and all other accessories.
Network Rack
I/O Box and Face Plate

• The I/O Box and Face Plate are kept near the computers and a
UTP patch cord is used to connect the Face Plate with the
network port in the PC. The Cat 6 UTP cable which comes
from the switch terminates in to a permanent connection
behind the I/O Box.
UTP Patch Panel

• The UTP Patch Panel is used for terminating all the Cat 6
Cables that come from various PC’s/endpoints in the network
(Actually I/O Box) to the rack. These Cables are permanently
connected behind the UTP Patch Panel and UTP Patch Cords
connect from the respective ports in front to the network
switches. This allows for flexible moves, adds and changes
without disturbing the switch ports. All the ports in the patch
panel are labelled for easy identification of which node they
are connected to.
Optical Fiber Cables

• For carrying data over 90 meters, Optical Fiber Cables are

used. These cables use light for transmission of data instead
of the electrical signals used by the UTP cables. They can carry
data for longer distances – even to a few kilo meters without
having to repeat the signals in between. There are two types
of cables – Single Mode (Used for higher bandwidth
requirements for longer distances) and Multi Mode (Used for
shorter distances). They connect directly to the Fiber Patch
Panel at either end. Usually they come in multiples of 6 Cores
– 6 Core, 12 Core, 24 Core being common. For each
connection, two cores are used – one for transmit and
another for receive.
Optical Fiber Cables
Fiber Patch Panel/ Patch Cords

• The Optical Fiber Cables are terminated on either end using

the Fiber Patch Panel, Pigtails and Coupler assembly. Actually
each core of the Fiber Cable is spliced to fit in to the Fiber
Patch Panel. A Fiber Patch Cord connects to the Patch Panel
and the Fiber interface of the Network Switch. The Fiber
interface is usually an SFP Port over which a Fiber Module is
inserted (Mini-Gbic interface). This Fiber Module can connect
to the fiber patch cord directly.
Fiber Patch Panel/ Patch Cords
Network Interfaces

• Network interface is a system's (software and/or hardware)

interface between two pieces of equipment or protocol layers
in a computer network.

• A network interface will usually have some form of network

address. This may consist of a node Id and a port number or
may be a unique node Id in its own right.

• Network interfaces provide standardized functions such as

passing messages, connecting and disconnecting, etc.
Network interface card (NIC)

• A network interface card (NIC) is a circuit board or card that is

installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a
network.
• A network interface card provides the computer with a
dedicated, full-time connection to a network. Personal
computers and workstations on a local area network (LAN)
typically contain a network interface card specifically designed
for the LAN transmission technology
Network interface card (NIC)
• LAN • Fiber Patch Panel
• Cabling • 10BASE-T
• Switches • Coaxial Cable
• Network Interfaces • 10Base5
• UTP • 10Base2
• UTP Patch Cords • RG-59
• Network Rack • RG-6
• Face Plate • STP
• Patch Panel • RJ45
• Optical Fiber • Network Switches
• A local area network (LAN) supplies networking capability to
a group of computers in close proximity to each other such as
in an office building, a school, or a home. A LAN is useful for
sharing resources like files, printers, games or other
applications. A LAN in turn often connects to other LANs, and
to the Internet or other WAN.
• Explain difference between Un-managed switch and Fully

Manageable Switch?

• List down what component you need to make a LAN.

• What is the purpose of use UTP Patch Panel for a LAN?

• What is the advantage use Layer 3 Switches for a LAN?

• http://thongtinkhcn.vinhlong.gov.vn/junkbox/Tong+hop/Netw
orking+Bible.pdf
• http://www.cisco.com/E-
Learning/prod/curriculum/cco_tdo_ldd/demos/D1Ch3English
/