sia ~The rection "as its north pole an, cating towards ‘known | Bownas sou pie." cating wads seus Similar poles D wledissimier poles mutually Tepulse each other, _ Magnetic fcld is established) St cach other aioe Magnetic sf Ic fiek Around a current carrying Maxam xwell’s cork screw rule. maginary paths traced :by an isolated (imaginary) marth pole in magnetic field are known as lines of e tangent drawn at any point to the lines of force of magnetic ficld indicates the direction of magnetic field ‘magnetic lines of force do not intersect each other, eause if they do so than it would mean two directions ‘magnetic field at a single point which is not possible. Tegion surrounding a magnet, in which the force of et can be detected is called magnetic field er there is a relative motion between a coil and then there is flow of current in the coil. The ic current so produced is known as induced current fd the effect of inducing electric current in the coil is electromagnetic induction umber of lines of magnetic force passing through ce placed in the magnetic field is called magnetic lux associated with that surface. unit of magnetic flux is Weber. Eclectic current Generator is a device, in which electric nergy is obtained by rotating a coil in magnet field by applying mechanical energy. it Electric current generators work on the principle of clectromagnetic induction Electric current generators are of two types (i) Alternating Current Generator (A.C. Generator) i) Direct Current Generator (D.C. Generator) Altemating Current (A.C.)is that electric current, which reverses its direction at a definite time interyal and its value varies periodically, ie aE i Direct current (D.C) is that electric current, which flows only in a single direction. This current is produced by cell, battery and D.C. generator, The direction of force acting on a cOrrent carrying conductor depends upon the directions of both electric current as well as magnetic field The displacement caused due to the force on current carrying conductor ina magnetic field is maximum, when the direction of electric current is perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field. The electric appliances are connected in parallel coinbination in house-hold circuits, so that supply voltage ‘may remain same on all of them. There are separate ON/OFF switches for electric appliances in house hold circuits, so that on using one" switch, other appliances should not be effected. Electric fuuse makes safety of circuit and appliances, preventing the damage due to over-loadimg and short Cireuiting Too much increase in electric current suddenly in an clectric circuit is known as short circuiting. ‘The main wires of electric power supply in domestic electric circuits are called by the name “Mains”. ‘The wire having red colour insulation is known as Live wire or phase wire or positive wire The wire having black colour. insulation is known as neutral wire or negative wire. The potentical difference between Live wire and Neutral wire is 220V in house-hold circuits of our country Direct current (dc) always has unidirectional flow. This current is obtained from cell, battery and D.C. Generator. Altemating current (ac) reverses its direction after a definite interval of time. ‘The important benificial role of altemating current in ‘comparison to direct current is that electric power can betransmitted to very large distance through A.C. supply without much energy dissipation. AC. produced in India reverses its direction 100 times in one second,he frequency of A.C. prod He main electric applianves used f Papaetty OF ISA ary weyner, ait: 9 1, On whieh pn does alternating current Heneratoy “work? Explain the construction and working Process of alternating current generator giving its diagem Avs, Principle of A.C, Generator i t e Wralor ‘works on the prineiple of electromagnetic induction, It isa “levieo, used to convert mechanical energy ino electri energy Ab anuaturs is rotated betwoan magnetic pole pieces ofa strong ‘rauetic field with the help of a mechanical energy source, dug 1» which number of lings of flold of magnetic field. so current ‘ndiges in the armature and connected external circuit due to variable magnetic feld, Construction {nthe fyure an A.C, Generator is shown, Three main parts ofits construction are (i) Field Magnet (ii) armature and (i) sliprings and brushes 4 ? P| * ° y Brush Rings (Rand 9) (, ania) One (i) Field Magnet ; A powerful magnet or electromagnet ‘suived to produce strong magnetic field, whose poles N and § ‘ire shown in the figure, The facing surfaces ofthese poles are concave in shape, (ii) Armature : A rectangular coil ABCD made of many {tums of insulated copper wire wrapped on.a soft iron rod (Shaft) ‘Which is free to rotate is fitted exactly in the middle. of poles, is called armature, It is rotated with high speed in. the magnetic field with the help of shaft (iii) Slip Rings and Brushes : Both ends of coil D and A fre connected with two separate rings R, and R, made of copper, These rings are called sliprings. A carbon brush is put in contact on cach slip ring. These brushes remain is steady position and slip rings rotate with proper touch of brushes By and Bs connected with extemal circuit come in contact with load, So the induced current produced in the generator is ‘obtained by the load, Working Process :~ (i) Armature is rotated on its axis with a. source of ‘mechanical energy in the strong magnetic field between the two poles Nand’s Ss .t——=*“ tor eff for electric current hag, ‘magnetic flux {i Due o rotation magnitude of oat es due to usly changes 7 {ture ABCD continuous y eo chile A shoctromotive force is ‘between the two ends D: uN Duo ain of a oma comein positions petpendet te is ncrescs i they (iv) As the magn it 5 rection of tartan ast as eoskwse al anlockwie newt half, in the first Ie iecievitic ta the olectrode and Ba is negative € atte id positive elec, rotation B, and By become nega! respectively, (v) Thus by Ty rotation, the direction ofthe cn, ‘a complete r0 " changes after a constant time age on} this the magnitude of the eurent chan 3 current is know as alternating current The induced eletrie current in A.C. Generator on te numberof ums inthe cal, aca of ae intensit magnetic vee a: When fs the force acting on a current cary conductor placed in a magnetic field maximum’ ‘Ans. When the current carrying conductor and = fel are matually perpendicular, the force acting onthe cong carrying conductor placed in magnetic field is maximum, Q:3. Draw a labelled diagram of an electric mete Explain its principle and working. How the power y ‘commercial motor can be increased? Ans. Electric motor is a device, which converts elem: energy into mechanical energy. Labelled diagram of an electric motor:— c. —+ ce} me ABCD Armature Coil B, and B, Brushes Chand C; commutator Geiicirular parts of partitioned ring)ABCD is 4 “opper 'S Such, Wine aSHar coil of many that j¢ C2" as armature it con move oem on its axis if esPectively of divided 's insulated and Outer surfaces of ing sctbon brushes B, and nal circuit Derwent) es erent caRying cond a Ht experiences force on oo "5 situated in magnetic of antiparallel fo, rms According to its of this torque it stars Totating ** !orque and diviens ro obtained inthe fom of tation a *Nailable continuosly with the HO Fits ofall electric current i assed the elecric sonree Gi) The direction of current i IS Opposite in by D of patie. Se fores of equal mapataen ms a ‘ams in the magnetic field and a in the rectangular Connected in external I Totation is utilised to devices with proper attachment with shaft Power of commercial electric motor may be by the following methods : romagnets are used instead of traditional steady number of tums in the current carrying coil is in a large number ‘armature is coiled around a soft iron core What is magnetic field? Draw the diagram of lines fic field around a bar magnet. Write any four Of these lines, Write the rule of determining of magnetic field associated with a current Ans. Magneti U ‘The region around a magnet, inwhich a net force acts on a magnetic test pole is known as magnetic field, Magnetic field as well as direction, re aa oflines of magnetic field around a bar magnet: Four Characteristics of lines of magnetic field : 1. Outside the magnet, lines of magnetic field starts from north pole and ends on south pole, : 2. Inside the magnet, lines of magnetic field are in the direction from south to north, So these are closed curves. 3. These lines do not intersect mutually, if hey do so,then ‘itwould mean two directions of magnetic field ata single point, Which is not possible, 4. Where these lines af magnetic. field are miore closer, there magnetic field is more stronger comperatively ic. relative strength of magnetic field is represented by the rank order of their closeness The rule of determining the direction of magnetic field associated with a current carrying conductor: The pule is known as right hand thumb rule Right Hand Thumb Rule ; Ifthe current carrying straight conductor is grasped in the palm of the right hand with the stretched thumb pointing in the direction of the current, the fingers curl (tuning) in the direction of the magnetic field; whose magnetic lines of force will be,in the shape of cocentric circles with centre at the axis of the conductor. Magnetic field Electric current QS. Write right hand thumb rule.Hoy converted into a magnet with the help of a cur; solenoid? Describe by drawing figure. Ans. Right Hand Thumb Rug If the current carrying straight conductor is grasped in {Pepalm ofthe Fight hand with the stretched thumb pointing in an iron rod rent carring Board 2014, 2012) the direction of the current, the fingers curl (tuming) in the direction of the magnetic field: whose magnetic lines of force will be in the sha pe of cocentric circles with centre at the axis of the conductorMagnetic field Blectric current Q 6, (a)Write Fleming's left hand rule for the dirction of force neting on a current carrying conductor situated in fuagnetc field. ‘Raj Board 2015, 2022, (b)_ Draw the diagram of magnetic field through an ‘around a current carrying solenoid. (c) Write the name " four — —_ electric current carrying conductor and associated magnetic fields are used. ERENT hist fo) Fleming Left Hand Rule: According wo leming’s left hand rule, ifthumb, forefinger and middle finger of left hand are spread mutually perpendicular to each other. Wheteas forefinger represents the direction of magnetic field, middle finger represents the direction of electric current, then thumb will represent the direction of force onthe conductor or direction of motion of the conductor, Magnetic field ‘Magnetic field ‘Thumb (force) Electrie current m/f Electric current (b) Magnetic Field through and around a current carrying solenoid, (©) Names of four devices, where electric current carrying conductor and associated magnetic fields are used measuring instruments (Galvanometer, ammeter, Voltmeter etc.) Q.7. The magnetic field in given region is uniform. Draw a diagram to represent it. ating Q.8. Define altern: of the device which produces rein direction of current, Describe the M2 ard OT EROLER e The induced electric Currey ‘Ans. Alternating Current: macs Whose direction and magnitude Keep Chere" @ iteratively is called alternating current (A zs ices alternating alg "The device which produces alter current and explain works current a labelled diagran' ‘AC. (Alternating Current) (Rand R,) Principle of A.C. Generator ‘A.C. Generator works on the principle of electromagnet: induction. It is a device, used to convert mechanical energy into electric energy. An armature is rotated between magnet pole pieces of a strong magetic field with the help of a mechanical energy source, due to which number of lines of ficld of magnetic field, passing through the armature varies» current induces in the armature and connected extemal circat due to variable magnetic field. Construction In the figure an A.C. Generator is shown. Three mas Parts of its construction are (i) Field Magnet (ii) armature and (iii) sliprings and brushes. (i) Field Magnet : A powerful magnet or electromagnt is used to produce strong magnetic field, whose poles N andS are shown in the figure. The facing surfaces of these poles &t concave in shape. (ii) Armature : A rectangular coil ABCD made of mat) tums of insulated copper wire wrapped on a soft iron rod (Shaf) which is free to rotate is fitted exactly in the middle of poles, called armature. Its rotated with hi : field with the help of shaft Fee ee Pte aesEnds of coil D and A. 1 and Ry made of atbon brush i put Temain is steady mal of eoPe* touch of brushes By uit com a in contact with Produced in the generator is tated ‘energy in the strong. ns &xi8 With @ source of poles Nand §, He field between the (i) Due to rotation my, mature ABCD continuous, of maen ce: etic flux related to etromoti is produ a iced changes due to which the two ends A and D. reases in the first et half the direction ofthe is cat aticockwise in the : : nish B; : A ae Peeve electrode while in the moos te ely, | 7 CO negative and postin electrodes yet lt i (AC) and directive current (DC) "ating (Raj. Board'2022) : Altemating Current (A.C.) is that electric current, Everses its direction at a definite time interval and its es periodically teurrent (D.C) is that electric current, which flows ma single direction. This current is produced by cel, fyand D.C. generator. Only it's value is changed Ql. Write the name of the device, which converts energy into electric energy. ¢ the Ea statements from the following ding magnetic lines of field @) the direction of magnetic field at a point is taken to ithe direction in which the north pole of a magnetic 3s needle points . “Electric Generator. ; O1i.What is the characteristic of the maginetic field i ing solenoid? vn ie, The produc magtic fed ia Curren earfymng dis uniform at all points, “eo 13. By what name is a col of many turns of an insulated copper wire colsely wound in cylindrical shape cal seoid . Solenoi ; Oildraw:s diagram of, oxeh experimental arrangement, which gives the indication that a forc ‘on a current carrying conductor rod on putting it in a magnetic field. Or Explain the force produced when a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field with the help of a diagram, ‘Ans. A magnetic field is produced on passing current ina conductor which creats a force on the nearby placed magnet. Similarly magnet also excert an equal force in opposite direction on the current carrying conductor, We take an aluminium rod of about § cm length and hang it horrizontaly with the help of a.connecting wire. A strong 'U shaped magnet is placed in sucha manner that the rod comes between the poles of 'U' shaped magnet and the direction of ‘magnetic field is upward. Thus the north pole of magnet will ing _be below and south pole of magnet will be above the rod. In the circuit the rod 1s connected with a battery, switch and theostate, The current is passed from B to A direction. We see that the rod is displaced left side. Now reverse the direction of current from A.to B direction. We see that the rod is displaced now in right side, Oke ar eakiant Thus by the displacementsof rod it is proved that the current carrying conductor exeert a force when placed in a ‘magnetic field. The direction of force changed when the direction of current is changed: The direction of force can be known by Flemming’s left hand rule. field lines are closed curves. (c) if magnetic field lines are:parallel and equidistant, they represent zero field strength (@) relative strength of magnetic field is shown by the degree of closeness of the field lines, ‘The north pole of Earth's magnet isin the: (@) Geographical South (b) Geographical East 2 {(©) Geographical West (d) Geographical North Choose the incorrect statement (a) Fleming's right-hand rule is a simple rule to know the direction of induced current (b) The right-hand thumb rule is used to find the direction cof magnetic fields due to current carrying conductors. (©) The difference between the direct and alternating ‘currents is that the current always flows in one direction, \whereas the alternating current reverses its direction periodically. (a) In India, the AC changes direction after every i second, 4. The strength of magnetic field inside a long current carrying straight solenoid is (a) more at the ends than at the centre (b) minimum in the middle (c) same at all points (@) fotind to increase from one end to the other 5. The most important safety method used for protecting home appliances from short circuiting or overloading 1s, by (a) carthing, (©) ase of stabilizers (b) use of fuse (d) use of electric meter 3d) 4. (0) 2.) Which converts Ans. Electric Motor. Q.2. Whatis the function of a galvanometer? ‘Ans. To indicate the presence of electric current in electric circuit Q3.By which is the work of commutator performed in an electric motor? . ‘Ans. By using partitioned ring Q4. “A moving miagnet can be used to produce electric current.” Which scientist's invention is this fact? Ans. Michael Faraday Q5. By which name is the wire insulated with green colour coating known in house hold electric circuit? ‘Ans, Earth-connected wire. Q6. Inwhich shape do the arches of cocentric large Circles of the lines of magnetic field appear close to the centre of a current carrying loop? Ans. These arches seem like straight line in shape. Q7. Write name of such four devices, inwhich electric motor is used. Ans, Refrigerator, Electric mixer and grinder, washing machine, drilling machine, water lifting pump ete. Q8. Which type of magnets are made by putting a rod ‘of magnetic substances inside a current carrying solenoid? ‘Ans. Elecctro-magnet Q.9. What name is given to the current which changes its direction in equal intervals of time? Ans, Alternating current. Q 10. Which scientist had observed first of all that on passing electric current through a metallic wire, deflection by to i laced ea ed’ F mpass placed 1, Oreste odced in est He i developing indi, Danish sciet bel a Ans avhat isthe PHENOM CToged path. de (9 reas, is pi : an electron ente, in figufieid. What will be x ‘on the ‘electron? own perpendicularly in # Fireetion of force acting Re ‘The direction force will be vertically UPWary ‘Ans. The dir the plane of paper. PO 13. Any po nek 1 Wh it is th ragnetic field. What ist Pyare, Magnetic field will gree 4. Draw the figur arrangement, which explains that jn the cricuit of a coil when ma the coil. Ans. rged particle (protey vet ction dev ites towards nor ss the direction of magnetic fy fl be in vertically downway fe of that experiment ‘electric current produc, gnet is brought towarg Bar magnet Motion Galvanometer 2 Q 15. In the figure of Q. No. 14, by reversing ‘: direction of magnetic poles, the magnet is brought tows the coil, what change do you observe? ‘Ans.The induced current will flow in opposite directin so the deflection of needle in galvanometer will also reyes: from right to left. Q 16, In the figure of Q. No. 14, if coil and bi magnet both are in rest, howmuch deflection will obtained in the galvanometer? Ans. There will be no deflection.. So the pointer nesée will be exactly in the middle of the scale ie, at zero in te galvanometer. Q 17. What view was presented by French scientit Andrey Mary Ampere about the force acting on the systet of current carrying conductor and amagnet? = ackts. Andrey Mary Ampere presented the idea ti Magnet should also act foree on current carrying cond of same magnitude and in opposite direction to that force current carrying conductor.” Q 18. Decribe any two positi em current in the coil nd 1”? Positions of producing indue!. Draw field to electric cured tines of a nt carryin magnitude of magnetic fed mn Comparison wit Y single turn and’ why’ Om in the coil of i turns use the direction of current Magnetic fields of all tums capacity is only 5A, will damage electric circuit and se all may melt or catch fire. current is oneng yar tansmisson line (sii A ane it and there is another elow it. at will be dit tic m: i eer lirection of magnetic ' Qe B The direction of magnetic field from the western end of the transmission line wire will be clockwise and it will be in the perpendicular plane of the wire Q 24. Describe the causes of overloading? ‘Ans.Any one of more causes may occur simultaneously from the causes mentioned below. (i) Live wire and neutral wire both come in contact due to damage of insulation of the wires Gi) Due to any defect in the electric ap im the circu (iii) Sudden increases in supply voltage accidently. (iv) Sometimes many electric appliances are connected with a single socket and are used simultancously Q 25, What is earth contact wire? What is its function? Why is it essential to earth connect electric appliances having metallic shield? ‘Ans. Earth contact wire with generally green coloured insulation is connected with a metallic plate located at too ‘much depth under the ground nearby the house Its function is to provide safety to all electric appliances having metallic shield [specially electric iron, toaster, table fan, teftigerator ete,] during their use Earth contact wire provides conducting path of very small resistance to the electric current, when it is connected to the appliances through their metallic shield, From this it becomes confirmed that if there is any decay of electric current in the ‘metallic shield of the appliance, the potential of the applicance ‘will become equal to the potential of the earth, so the person using such appliance will be safe from intensive electric shock, ‘Q 26. What precautions should be adopted to protect from overloading in domestic electric circuits? ‘Ans.1. Electric circuits should be distributed in various groups and there must be separate fuse or M.C.B. for each appliance, 2. The appliances operatable at high ¢lectric power (like air conditioner, refrigerator, water heater (geyser), heater, electric iron etc) should not be used at same time. 3. All the wires used in the line to pass electric current should be of good quality and properly insulated 4. Many electric appliances should not be used ina single socket simultaneously: Q 27. Draw the a common domesti iagram of circuit arrangement for ircuit. Barth wire Live wire Neutral wire Distiban box containing main site al fuses fot each circuitQ 28. Write the difference between elec generator and electric motor, Ans. Electric Generator 1. Electric generator is a device, which converts ‘mechanical energy into electric energy. 2. Itoperates on the priciple of electromagnetic induction. 3. The electric current produced in itis used on the load ‘connected in external circuit. Electric Motor 1, Electric motor is a device, which converts clectric ‘energy into mechanical energy. 2. It operates by the force exerting on current carrying coil in magnetic field. The couple of forces produces rotational torque. 3. The energy produced in it rotates the shaft and D.C. souire is connected in the extemal circuit Q 29, WriteFleming’s right hand rule for the direction of induced current inthe conduétor, due to ‘motion of the conductor in magnetic field. | Ans... According to Fleming's right hand rule, “If we stretch the thumb, the index finger and the middle finger of the right hand at right angles to one another then keeping the index finger in the direction of magnetic field andthe thumb in, the direction of motion, the middle finger gives the direction of ©, .Q.30, What is’ electromagnetic induction? Describe that experimental arrangement by drawing figure, inwhich induced current is obtained in a nearest coil due to flow of variable electric current in a coil. Ans. Electromagnetic induction : ‘Whrenevet' the number of lines of magnetic field (ic. ‘magnetic flux) passing through a coil, connected in a closed path, changes due 16 relative motion between the coil and a ‘magnet, induced current fldws in the ¢oil’ This phenomenon ‘of developing”inductd’current in the coil is known as electromagnetic iriduction Electromagnetic Induction by Experimental Arrangement : ‘Two different cdils of copper, inwhich number of turns ‘are very large, are wrapped’on a hollow insulating cylinder as shown in figure, A'battery and a plug key is-conneeted in series with coil-I which has comperatively more tums than coil-2.coil-? is also connected with a galvanometer as shown inthe figure. As the plug is inserted in the:key, the pointer needle of galvanometer deflects in one side in a quick moment and retums back to zero in the similar moment. This indicates production of momentary electric current in coil-2. i Now the plug of key is removed and disconnect the circuit from current flow by doing so again a momentary eletric ‘current flows in coil-2, but the direction of current is now reversed as in prior state But when a constant electric current flows in the coil-1, i bee is no deflection in the galvanometer connected with ‘The experiment gives the inference that whenever the magnitude of electric current passing through coil-1 changes ‘a potential differen a cee ae known as primary =r I Inference : ‘nation of Experimenta Be Esplainatan of Eas ous PME ot shat fd developed in it also changes: As ic field developed in it a A changes, the magnetic Bee uM result magneti ‘of force around the s¢ ondary Col me st coi teiced ‘electric. current in seconday ct coil Batery So the phenomenon, inwhi ich electric current is induce ina conductor due to variable maginetic field of another nearey conductor, is called electromagnetic Fe oe {Q.31, What isthe principle of D.C: Generator tin does its construction differ from A.C. oetted ae ut the role of partitioned ring? Draw @ ingran SFE Gere centr works on ey ‘ic induction, ori ference in its construction from A.C. Generator ‘The most part of its construction resembles with th construction of A.C. Generator. The only difference is tha partitioned ring-based commutater is used in D. C. Generator instead of slip rings as in A.C. Generator, By this change n construction, the value and direction of electric curren, ‘obtained in external circuit remain unchanged and such curren, is known as direct current (D.C.) Toad Role of partitioned rings. As the half rotation of armature coil completes, the pats C, and C) of partitioned ring exchange their contact wi! brushes B, and Bp. As these parts connect with oppostt brushes (1e.C, > B, andC, > B,) the direction of currea in external circuit remains same during continuous rotation! armature coil. Q.32. What is compass needle? ; does it point in the absence of Sieh a Ans.A compass needle is, infact, a small bar magnet. ltthe current Ans. The den 0.34. You are t ctor in your m the copper. ire remains the sume? Sian Needle decreases. sd suche ener tying straight cap uch that thumb points or arent: What will be the Mascot ofthe field tines rss ela? nagnetic fielc uF wrapped fingers around the Principle is a 'S based on th ion in holding Benerator based? W principle of electro ical z an Sectris orate transformed into electrical Q.37. What effect is obeserved, when it changes? ced current flows inthe ea! due to change in Q.38.What is the di i AC tee oe dinerenc in the constru a nl siferenes is that a split ring commutator 4 ie ator instead of two slip rings as in an 39. What do you mean number of lines of a magnetic force passi ugh a surface placed in the magnetic field is called Poo Af ae ee with that surface. 40. If the current passing through a conduct: increases then deflection in the compass needle ed nearby to it also increases, What does it indicate? Ans. It indicates that the magnitude of magnetic field of by magnetic flux? produced increases as the current through the wire increases. ‘Q.41. A bulb is connected with an electric generator of 220 V. If 0.1 Ampere current is flowing through the bulb, then calculate the power of the bulb. ‘ans, P= Vx 1= 220 12 Watt Q.42. Why is the ee electric heater made of jead of pure metals? ay or electric heater, production of het shouldbe in excess, Alloys have more resistivity than metals, so their coils produce more heat, Metals produce negligible heat duc to their very low resistivity. 0.43. Which unit ‘Ans. Magnetic flux : , Q.44. What is the source of magnetic field in a current carrying conductor? ‘Ans. Moving electrons Q.45. If we keep an iron box in a magnetic field, then what is magnetic effect inside the box? ‘Ans. Zero, not any effect. Q.46. A current flows in a conductor from east to west. What is the direction of magnetic field at a point above the conductor? ‘Ans. Towards north Q.47. What is an armature? Ans, Armature is a coil of insulated wire with many ‘tums on a frame of iron ore, It is kept between two magnetic ppoles and can be rotated on its own axis to produce electricity in a generator. Q.48. What are those factors; on which yalue of induced current depends in an electric: generator? ‘Ans. (1) Number of turns in the armature (2) Area of the coil (3) Rotational velocity of the coil (4) Magnetic field Intensity. Q.49.What is the difference between. alternate current generator and direct current generator? Ans, physical quantity is measured in weber Alternate Current Generator Direct Current Generator form of altemate current, 1. This is a device, which converts mechanical | 1. energy into altemate electric energy in the This is a device, which converts mechanical energy into electric energy in the form of direct current. rings which rotate with the armature 2. In this generator, both ends of armature coil are connected to the two rings, known as slip 2. A partitioned ring-based commutator is used in it instead of slip rings as in ac. generator, which provides direct current to the extemal circuit.