1) Tell About Hil (Hardware in Loop) Set Up

Currently I am working for the Isuzu Max Truck project and for that we having the Test Bench. which is
having Power Supply and Head unit. In the Head Unit we having main board and display board and we
are having four Speakers, one Camera, vector box and also Break out Box all this are Intigrated to the
Harness. this is about Hil set up.
2) How you are giving inputs and checking outputs.
Actually, we are providing inputs manually and some of the inputs we are providing from Canoe and we
have to check the outputs in the display and some of the outputs we have to check In Canoe trace
window or else in panels.
3) Difference Between Open loop and Closed loop.
Actually, for the infotainment it is an open loop and previously I worked for the ADAS project it is a
closed loop. Actually, like in general open loop control system means there is no position to get
feedback. It is not depending on the any of the feedback. But in Closed loop means there is a situation
where the System is depending on the previous system in the closed Loop.
Can you give Any Real example from your project.
As an example of we take in the infotainment project we are providing the Ac information from the
canoe to the infotainment in the infotainment directly it is displaying the Ac information like Ac on, Ac
off, Blower levels Here the output of the infotainment is not providing to other Ecu as input that is the
reason, we are using the open loop.
4) Explain About ADAS Project.
Actually, in the ADAS project I worked for the Hil Hold Control (HHC) and Reverse Camera and also, we
are having multi-view camera for these three modules a worked on the functional validations and also
DTC validations and also Diagnostics validations. As an Example, it we take the Hil Hold Control for this
we need the input from the Angle Sensor which is having the inputs like slop of the Vehicle, Acceleration
Information, Break information Based on all this kind of Information we have to Unable the Hil Hold
Control. so, we are using the Hil Bench that is E-TAF. from that we are loading the Different types of
Scenarios which is having the slop information up to 10% and Acceleration percentage is 100% and Break
percentage is 100% this are inputs given to the ADAS Ecu Should be Respond and It should Activate the
Hil Hold Control for 4 seconds whether it is happening or not that we have to check for Same kind of
module. I worked for the DTC validations we Can be able to perform the short circuit of the camera and
also open circuit of the camera, we can create Time out DTC'S by stopping the messages related to the
Break information, Acceleration like that I did. I worked for MVC which is helpful for the parking of the
vehicle and also to monitor the surrounding of the vehicle for that also we did. The visualization which
means we have to check different kinds of views like Rear-View, Bowl View, Front View, Side View and
also like Static and Dynamic guideline this kind of verifications we did in the MVC.
5) What is Hil Hold Control (HHC)?
HHC means whenever the vehicle is moving in the Hil area suddenly if we stop the vehicle and again if
we try to move forward at that time the vehicle will be rolling back. To avoid the rolling back of the
vehicle the HHC will be supported .it will make the vehicle not to move backward.
6) What is the Difference b/w DTC and Diagnostics.
Actually, DTC means it is the Diagnostic Trouble Code and Diagnostic means identifying the faults what
are Errors ad What are faults Available in the Ecu that is called Diagnostics. By doing Diagnostics we can
Identify the DTC'S.
7) Mention Some DTC’s.
Actually, in our project we are having Canera velated DTC’, Sensors related DTC's, Time out DTC’s and
Invalid DTC's. As an example, if we lake the Camera short Circuit with Battery for that we are taking the
Break out Box and, in the Break out Box we can create the short circuit of the Battery with Camera and
After that we have to check whether the DTC is Triggered (or) not that will be available in the Error
memory so we have to read the DTC By using 19 Service ID. Request 19 02 01 then we have to get the
Response. Like this we have to read the DTC’s.
8) Which protocol you are using.
Actually, I am having Experience on the Can & Can TP protocols.
Difference Between Can and Can TP protocols.
By using can protocol It is possible to send up to 8 bytes. and if we want to send more than 8 bytes of
data then we have to use can tp protocol.
How you can Identify can tp messages
Based on the ID’s like for the can tp protocol we are having four kinds of frames like Single frame, First
frame, Flow control frame and consecutive frame. The Single frame ID is 00, first frame ID is 01, and flow
control frame ID is 03 and consecutive frame ID is 02. By Seeing the first Byte whether it is the single
frame or first frame or flow control frame or consecutive frame like that we can identify.
9) what are the Different types of Errors you Saw in your project.
In Can protocol regularly we will see the Acknowledgement Error and CRC Error. Because CRC Error we
are getting manually. Because in the panels we are having the one of the signal is related to CRC Signal.
Where we have to change the CRC value immediately it should display the CRC Error In the Trace
window. In the same whenever we are not connecting the Ecu to the Canoe and if you are trying to send
the messages then we will get the Acknowledgement Error. It is also displayed in the Trace window.
10)What is Baud Rate?
Baud Rate means it is like no. of times a signal can change Its transmission from one state to another
state. We are using 500 kbps Baud Rate in our project.
11)How do you filter particular messages in Canoe
Actually, we are having the pause filter and stop filter. By using that we can filter the messages and also
in the Trace window we are having the option to filter with message ID or else to filter with channel or
else to filler with direction Like that also we can filter.
12) what ft BIT stuffing.
BIT stuffing means while transmitting the data like we should not send more than five same consecutive
Bits. To avoid that one, we have to add the opposite Bit in the Six place it’s Called Bit stuffing.
13) Explain Error frame format.
In the Error frame format, we are having Two Fields like Error Flag and Error delimiter. In the Error flag
we are having 6 dominant bits and in the Error delimiter we are having the Error count. Error count
means It should be either Transmitter Error count and Receiver Error count like that we have.
14) What is Remote frame
Remote frame means if we want to Request Any of the data at that time the transmitter will be sending
the Remote frame. which is having the RTR Bit is 1. It is mainly used to Request the Data.
15) Why we need CAPL?
Actually, in our project for the Automation of the Tast Cases mainly for the Diagnostics we are using the
CAPL and also like to Control Signals of the CAN from the panels. further purpose also we are using CAPL.
16) What are the some negative UDS Service
It is like 11 Service ID not supported, 12 Sub-function not Supported, 13 invalid message length, 31
Request out of Range, 33 Access Denied, 7F Service ID not supported in Active Session, 7E Sub-function
not supported in active session, 35 Invalid Key, 36 Exceed No of Attempts and 22 condition not correct
like that we having.
17)why we need to Add +40
In all the Service ID's we are not having the Recessive Bit in the 6th place, that is the Reason we are
adding the Recessive Bit in the 6th place Remaining are all Dominant bits then the value will be 40.
18) What is Stress Testing?
Stress Testing in the sense in our project we are providing the Heavy load on the ECU and at that time
How the Ecu is behaving that we are Testing. we have to provide the Over voltages, under voltages and
we have to provide the Over Temperature, under Temperature at that moment how the system is
behaving. is there Any malfunctions are happening or not that we have to test.
19) What is KPI Testing?
KPI Testing means it is a key performance Indication In our project As an Example the logo should be
displayed within 9 seconds and also like the Entire HMI options should be available within 25 seconds
and when Bluetooth is trying to connect it should connect within 3 seconds this kind of test cases we are
having.
20)What is Entry and Exit criteria?
Entry and Exit criteria means whenever the all Test Environment is set up correctly and also if all the Test
Cases and also like if all the data which necessary for the Execution it is Available then It is called Entry
criteria and, Exit criteria means whenever the Tast Execution is completed and whenever Testing Scope is
completed and the Report is generated then we can call like Exit criteria, if all this, are available we can
exit.
21) What is the Traceability in Rational Doors?
Traceability means for all the Requirements It should be having at least one Test Case and for some of
the Requirement it will be having the Multiple Test cases, so we have to link All the Test cases with the
proper Requirements and all the Requirements linking with the customer Requirement. It’s called Bi-
directional traceability.
22) What is Android Auto?
Android Auto means it is one of the projection functionality which is helpful for the Theme changing
operations and also Like it is helpful for the monitoring of the Different kinds of applications of the
mobile phone to the infotainment.
23) What is the purpose of Network Node in Canoe?
Actually, in the canoe we are having the two types of Nodes that is Network node and Test Node in the
Network Node like whenever the simulation on automatically the messages will be simulated so we have
to write CAPL Code for each Node so that once the simulation on All the notes will be simulated if it is a
Test Node whenever he wants to Run the test cases then only, we can be able to Run.it is not Runing
over the simulation.
24) What is the channel Mapping?
Channel mapping means on whichever the channel we have to Transmit the messages and also we want
to Receive the messages those channels we have to map in the channel mapping options that is
Available in Network Node.
25) What is Replay Block and when will be used?
Replay Block means It is like whenever we want to Run the logs then we can use the Replay Block.
Usually from the customers if we getting the logs those logs if we want to Analysis then we can use
Replay Block.
26) What is verification and validation?
Verification means It is the process of checking whether all the Requirements have been Designed
properly or not and also like we have to check the process of Determining the software and also the
Software Designed and also Development it is happened as per the specific Requirements that we have
to check in the verification, and validation means the process of checking the software in the End-
product whether it is meeting the client needs or not and also like client Expectations or meeting
properly or not that we have to check in the validation.
27) What is Difference Between Standard and Extended Can?
In the standard can we are having 11- bit Addressing. and IDE bit is 0. in Extended can we are having the
29-bit Addressing and IDE bit is 1.
28) What is .dll file contains (Dynamic Link Library)?
dll file means it is containing Related to the different types of Service ID's and Different types of RID's,
DID's and also Algorithm Related to the Security Access this kind of information is Available in the dll file.
In canoe we are having configuration file (.cfg) and Database file (.dbc) and. xvp for panels.
29) What are the frequencies of AM & FM?
Frequency of AM is 535khz to 1605khz
Frequency of FM is 87.5mhz to 108mhz
30) Difference between AM & FM?
FM means it is a frequency modulation and AM means It is Amplitude modulation. in the AM the overall
strength and also the signal will be warried. But in the FM the signal will not warried, only the Carrier
Signal will be warried.
31) What is Bluetooth Range?
It will support up to 20 miters and It's frequency is 2.4ghz and Bluetooth version is 5.2.
32) What is Bus off state?
Bus off means whenever the Error Count Reaches to the 256 at that time the Bus off state should be
occur and the communication will be stopped.
33)Explain About Bluetooth profiles.
In our project we are having some profiles like GAP, SAP, PBAP, HFP, BIP, AVRCP, A2DP and MAP.
Generic Access profile (GAP): In order to connect Bluetooth from one Bluetooth System to Another
Bluetooth Device. This profile should support.
Sim Access profile (SAP): In order to have call facility through Bluetooth. This profile should Support.
Phone Book Access Profile (PBAP): In order to access contact information from the phone on
infotainment. This profile should support.
Hands Free Profile (HFP): In order to speak through infotainment speakers, we should have this profile.
Basic Imaging Profile (BIP): In order to view the pics on the album on the infotainment from phone. This
profile should support.
Audio Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP): In order to do operations like play, pause, fast forward of
audio and video from the mobile on infotainment. This profile should support. The version of AVRCP is
1.6.
Advanced Audio Distribution Profile(A2DP): In order to stream the audio and video through mobile to
infotainment it needs to support this profile.
Message Access Profile (MAP): In order to view the messages in infotainment which are coming to
phone.
34) How many types of logs?
There are three types of logs.
i) By using Teraterm tool we will take the Serial Logs.
ii) By using pendrive we will take system logs.
iii) By using Canoe tool, we will take the Can logs.
35) Explain about Different types of ECU’s (Electronic Control Unit).
In our project we are having different types of ECU’s. ECU is nothing but a Mother Board. like
Infotainment, ADAS, HVAC, BCM, ECM, Cluster, Active safety & Passive safety.
36) What is the Difference Between Canoe and Canalyzer?
By using Canoe, we can simulate Multiple nodes at a time and by using Canalyzer we can simulate the
single node at a time.
37) What is the Can ISO standard?
Can High – 11898
Can Low – 11519-2
38)Hil Bench Set Up.

39) Infotainment Bench Set Up.

40) ADAS Bench Set up.

41) Ignition Modes.

42) What is Facia?

Buttons which are used to operate in the edges of infotainment is called Facia.
43) What are the Can Supported Layers?
There are three types of can supported layers.
Physical Layer: Converts Bits into Voltages.
Data Link Layer: Communicate the one ECU to Another ECU.
Application Layer: To Run the Functionalities or Applications.
44) What are the Different types of Errors?
Bit Error: When a transmitter sending the data on bus, it will monitor the bus. If any bit changes on the
bus it is called as Bit Error.
Stuff Error: A stuff Error will be detected if 6 consecutive equal bits are observed in a message on bus. It
is called as stuff error.
CRC Error: While sending the data it will calculate the CRC code. in the same way the Receiver receives
the data and it will calculate CRC code. If the both codes didn’t match then it is called as CRC Error.
Form Error: Form Error has to be detected when a fixed got changed.
ACK Error: When the transmitter sends the data with ack slot as 1 and the receiver should send again as
0. If it is getting mismatch is called as ACK Error.
45) What is Interframe spacing?
The space which is used to differentiate between two frames is called interframe spacing.
46) What is Bit rate?
No.of Bits Transmitting per second is called Bit rate.
47) What is Arbitration Process?
Arbitration process Is nothing but giving the priority to messages. This process will check the message
from LSB to MSB. If the first bit is Dominant Bit from LSB it will send the first. In the same way Arbitration
process will work.
48) What is Impedance Matching?
Impedance matching is nothing but Every controller sends 60Ω noise to the bus, the bus comprises of
two 120 Ω resistance in parallel.so that by doing impedance matching equation, we will get 60 Ω
resistance, so that noise will get reduce.
49) What is Meta Data?
Meta Data means Information of song visible in the infotainment is called meta data.
50) Explain Some of the Service ID’s.
10 – Session Control, 11 - ECU Reset, 31 – Routine Control, 19 – Read DTC Information, 14 – Clear DTC
Information, 85 – Control DTC setting, 22 – Read Data by Identifier, 2E – Write Data by Identifier, 27 –
Security Access, 3E – Tester present, 28 – Communication Control.
51) What is Data Frame?
Data Frame is used to transfer the Messages and it is having total 108 bits and it is having 7 fields.
The first field is Start of frame and it is having always Dominant Bit 0.
Second field is Arbitration field and it’s contained total 12-bits. The first 11-bits for Address and the 12th
bit is for RTR (Remote Transaction Request) bit and it’s 0.
Third field is Control field and it’s contained total 6 bits and the first 2 bits are reserved bits for future
purpose. The last 4 bits for Data Length Code (DLC).
Fourth field is Data field and it’s contained total 64 bits for Data.
Fifth field is CRC field and it’s contained 16 bits. First 15 bits for CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) code and
16 bit for CRC-delimiter.
Sixth field is Acknowledgement field and it is having 2 bits. In that first bit for ACK slot and second bit for
ACK delimiter.
Final field is End of Frame and it is having 7-Resessive Bits.
Prepared By
Jaya Krishna Kora