8

MATHEMATICS
Quarter 3 – Module 6
Proving Congruence of Triangles

NegOr_Q3_Mathematics8_Module6_v2
Mathematics – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 6: Proving Congruence of Triangles
Second Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Noralyn A. Dumogho
Editors: Nida Barbara I. Suasin, Frances D. Pinili, Elizabeth A. Calumba, Noralyn A. Dumogho
Reviewers: Nida Barbara I. Suasin, Maricel T. Tropezado, Maria Fatima M. Emperado

Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Frances D. Pinili, Noralyn A. Dumogho, Maria Fatima M. Emperado
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin CESO V Elisa L. Baguio, Ed. D.
Joelyza M. Arcilla EdD, CESE Rosela R. Abiera
Marcelo K. Palispis JD, EdD Maricel S. Rasid
Nilita L. Ragay, Ed. D.

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: [email protected]

NegOr_Q3_Mathematics8_Module6_v2
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need
to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be
honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

i NegOr_Q3_Mathematics8_Module6_v2
 I

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process
the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

The module is intended for you to prove two triangles are congruent.

Direction: State the postulate or theorem (SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS, LL, LA, HA or HL) that
could be used to prove the triangles congruent. If the triangles cannot be proven
congruent, write not possible.

1. 2.

___________ ____________

3. 4.

___________ ____________

1 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics8_Module6_v2
5. 6.

___________ ____________

2 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics8_Module6_v2
 Lesson Proving Statements on Triangle Congruence

Congruence of triangles is studied because of its many applications in the real world.
Considered to be the most stable of all geometric figures, triangles are oftentimes used as
frameworks, supports, or braces for many construction works. Architects and engineers use
triangles when they build structures because triangles are strong enough to maintain their
shapes when acted upon by external or internal forces.
When proving that triangles are congruent, it is not necessary to prove that all three
pairs of corresponding angles and all three pairs of corresponding sides are congruent. There
are easier ways. For example, if two pairs of corresponding angles are congruent, then the third
angle pair is also congruent, since all triangles have 180 degrees of interior angles.

’s In

The following methods are useful in determining congruence between triangles without
having to prove the congruence of all six corresponding parts. Only three parts are enough.

SSS Congruence Postulate- If three sides of a triangle are congruent respectively to

three sides of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
SAS Congruence Postulate- If two sides and an included angle of a triangle are
congruent respectively to two sides and an included angle of another triangle, then
the triangles are congruent.
ASA Congruence Postulate- If two angles and an included side of a triangle are
congruent respectively to two angles and an included side of another triangle, then
the triangles are congruent.
AAS Congruence Theorem- If two angles and a non-included side of a triangle are
congruent respectively to two angles and a non-included side of another triangle,
then the triangles are congruent.

For Right Triangles:

LL (Leg-Leg) Congruence Theorem- If two legs and an included side of a triangle

are congruent respectively to two angles and an included side of another triangle,
then the triangles are congruent.

3 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics8_Module6_v2
 LA (Leg-Acute Angle) Congruence Theorem- If a leg and an acute angle of a triangle
are congruent respectively to a leg and an acute angle of another triangle, then the
triangles are congruent.

HyA or HA (Hypotenuse-Acute Angle) Congruence Theorem- If a hypotenuse and

an acute angle of a triangle are congruent respectively to a hypotenuse and an acute
angle of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

HyL or HL (Hypotenuse-Leg) Congruence Theorem- If a hypotenuse and a leg of a

triangle are congruent respectively to a hypotenuse and a leg of another triangle, then
the triangles are congruent.

Note: You only need to show three congruent parts of any two triangles basing on the
given postulates to prove that they are congruent.

Some of the common theorems, properties, and definitions used with congruent
triangles:

Reflexive Property: An angle or segment is congruent to itself (for shared sides/angles).

Symmetric Property: 𝐼𝑓 ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐵, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐴.

Transitive Property: If ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐵 and ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐶 then ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐶.

Definition of a Midpoint: If points 𝑃, 𝑄, and 𝑅 are collinear (𝑃 − 𝑄 − 𝑅) and 𝑄 is the

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑄𝑅
̅̅̅̅ , then 𝑃𝑄
midpoint of 𝑃𝑅 ̅̅̅̅.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ bisects ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 ∠𝑃𝑄𝑆 ≅ ∠𝑆𝑄𝑅

Definition of an Angle Bisector: If 𝑄𝑆

Definition of Supplementary Angles: Two angles are supplementary if the sum of their
measures is 1800.
Definition of Complementary Angles: Two angles are complementary if the sum of their
measures is 900.

Segment Addition Postulate: If points 𝑃, 𝑄, and 𝑅 are collinear (𝑃 − 𝑄 − 𝑅) and 𝑄 is between

̅̅̅̅ , then 𝑃𝑄 + 𝑄𝑅 = 𝑃𝑅.
𝑃𝑅

Angle Addition Postulate: If point S lies in the interior of ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅, then

𝑚∠𝑃𝑄𝑆 + 𝑚∠𝑆𝑄𝑅 = 𝑚∠𝑃𝑄𝑅.

Vertical Angles theorem: Vertical Angles are congruent.

Linear Pair Theorem: If two angles form a linear pair, then they are supplementary.

4 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics8_Module6_v2
*If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal then the alternate interior angles are
congruent.

* Right angles are congruent

*Points that lie on a perpendicular bisector of a segment are equidistant from the ends of
the segment.

Example 1

Given: ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸 , 𝐵𝐶 𝐸𝐹 , ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐸
Prove: ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹

STATEMENTS REASONS
̅̅̅̅
1.𝐴𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸 1. Given
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
2.𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝐸𝐹 2.Given
3.∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐸 3. Given
4.∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹 4. SAS Congruence Postulate

If triangles touch, look for shared or common sides and angles, vertical angles or alternate-
interior angles in parallel lines.

Illustrative Examples: Marked sides and angles are congruent.

Example 2

Given: ∠𝑀 ≅ ∠𝐷, ̅̅̅̅

𝑀𝐼 ≅ ̅̅̅
𝐷𝐼
Prove: ∆𝑀𝐼𝑋 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐼𝑃

Since there are only two given congruent parts,

there is a need to look for one more part that
can be assumed as congruent.

5 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics8_Module6_v2
 STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∠𝑀 ≅ ∠𝐷 1. Given
2.̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐼 ≅ ̅̅̅
𝐷𝐼 2. Given
3. ∠𝑀𝐼𝑋 ≅ ∠𝐷𝐼𝑃 3. Vertical Angles Theorem
4. ∆𝑀𝐼𝑋 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐼𝑃 4. ASA Congruence Postulate

In proving congruent triangles, notice that the first statement is always the given
information and the last statement is always the Prove statement.

’s New

̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
Given: ∠𝑊 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑌 are right angles, 𝑉𝑋 𝑍𝑋 ;
̅̅̅̅̅
X is the midpoint of 𝑊𝑌

Prove: ∆𝑉𝑊𝑋 ≅ ∆𝑍𝑌𝐾

STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∠𝑊 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑌 are right angles 1. Given
2. ∆𝑉𝑊𝑋 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑍𝑌𝐾 are right triangles 2. Definition of right triangle
3. ̅̅̅
𝑉𝑋 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑍𝑋 3. Given
4. X is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑊𝑌 4. Given
5.̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑊𝑋 ≅ 𝑌𝑋 ̅̅̅̅ 5. Definition of Midpoint
6. ∆𝑉𝑊𝑋 ≅ ∆𝑍𝑌𝐾 6. By HyL Congruence Theorem

Guide Questions:
1. What kind of triangles were proved congruent?
2. What parts of the right triangles are given congruent?
3. What congruence postulate or theorem did you use to prove that the two triangles
are congruent?

When proving right triangles, show that the triangles are right triangles as in statement 2 and
always end your proof with the Prove Statement.

6 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics8_Module6_v2
 is It

When proving congruent triangles, remember to:

1. Always begin by marking the given information on your diagram (e.g., using tick marks
for congruent sides and arcs for congruent angles).

2. If the given information contains definitions, be sure to use them as they are "clues" to
̅̅̅̅ ”, we use the definition of a midpoint
the solution. For instance, “A is a midpoint of 𝐵𝐶
to come up with a conclusion.

3. Look for any parts that your triangles have in common or parts that are being
shared. These common parts will be additional congruent parts that can be assumed.

4. Examine the diagram to see what else you may already know about the figure in cases
where there are still missing parts.

5. If you are trying to prove specific "parts" of the triangles to be congruent, find a set
of triangles that contains these parts and prove those triangles congruent.

6. If the triangles are overlapping, try to draw the two triangles separately to easily visualize
the given information.

7. Keep in mind that you only need three parts to prove that the triangles are congruent.

’s More

Complete the Proof:

Given: ∠𝑽𝒂𝒏𝒅 ∠𝒀 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆𝒔

̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑊𝑉 𝑋𝑌
Prove: ∆𝑋𝑉𝑊 ≅ ∆ 𝑊𝑌𝑋

7 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics8_Module6_v2
 STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∠𝑉 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑌 are right angles 1. __________________________
2. ________________________________ 2. Definition of a right triangle
3. ____________________________________________ 3. Given
4. _________________________________ 4. Reflexive Property
5. ∆𝑋𝑉𝑊 ≅ ∆𝑊𝑌𝑋 5. by ______Congruence Theorem

I Have Learned

Share what you have learned in this lesson by completing the statement:

I know that I know how to ______________________________________________

First , I __________________________________________________________________
After that, I _____________________________________________________________
Then, ___________________________________________________________________
Finally,______________________________________________
When I have completed these steps, I have shown or proved that ________
_____________________________________________________________________

I Can Do

El Del Fuente is an old railway bridge

located in Bais City. The bridge still looks
majestic despite being old. Its trusses are made
up of congruent triangles. This is believed to be
why it is stable and strong. Construct a two-
column proof that will prove the triangles MAN
and NBP are congruent based on the figure
shown at the right.

8 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics8_Module6_v2
 Rubric for the Geometric Proof

CRITERIA 5 points 3 points 2 points TOTAL

The given, prove
statement, appropriate
number of statements
KEY and reasons are One key element is More than one key
ELEMENTS included in the two- missing. element is missing.
column proof. the
diagram is drawn
correctly.

The proof is written

as a two-column
Structure proof. One structure More than one
The columns are element is missing structure element is
labeled. missing.
All statements and
reasons are numbered.

The proof uses sound

Flow reasoning based on There are multiple
There is one gap in
algebraic properties, gaps in the
the reasoning of the
definitions, postulates, reasoning of the
proof.
and theorems with no proof.
gaps in the reasoning.

Some part of the The proof is not

Clarity The proof is written
proof is written written using
using accepted
using accepted accepted
geometric/algebraic
geometric/algebraic geometric/algebraic
terms and notation
terms and notation terms and notation.
TOTAL
Reference:
Reazons Syztems Inc,” Rubric for Geometric Proof”, accessed February 10, 2021.
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=G8X62C&sp=true/

Direction: Write the capital letter of your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
1. What property of congruence is illustrated in the statement? If ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷, and ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 ≅ ̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
then 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐷𝐸 .
A. Symmetric B. Transitive C. Reflexive D. Multiplication

9 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics8_Module6_v2
 ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝐷
2. What property of congruence is illustrated in the statement? If 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ , then 𝐶𝐷
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝐵
̅̅̅̅ .

A. Symmetric B. Transitive C. Reflexive D. Multiplication

3. Miguel knows that in ∆𝑀𝐼𝐺 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐽𝐴𝑁, ̅̅̅̅ 𝑀𝐼 ≅ ̅̅̅
𝐽𝐴, ̅̅̅
𝐼𝐺 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑁 and ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐺 ≅ ̅𝐽𝑁
̅̅̅. Which
postulate or theorem can he use to prove the triangles are congruent?
A. ASA B. AAS C. ASA D. SSS
4. Justify the last two steps of the proof:
Given: ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅̅and ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐷𝐶 𝐴𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐵
Prove: ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐶𝐵
Proof:

1. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐶 1. Given
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐷𝐵
2. 𝐴𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ 2. Given
3.̅̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝐶𝐵̅̅̅̅ 3. ?
4. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐶𝐵 4. ?

A. Reflexive property of Congruence, SAS C. Symmetric property of Congruence, SAS

B. Reflexive property of Congruence, SSS D. Symmetric property of Congruence, SSS
5. Is there enough information to conclude that the triangles are congruent? If so, what is the
correct congruence statement?

A. Yes, ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 C. Yes; ∆𝐴𝐶𝐵 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐶𝐷

B. Yes; ∆𝐶𝐴𝐵 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐵𝐶 D. No, the ∆s cannot be proven
congruent

6. Which congruence postulate or theorem supports your answer in number 5?

A. LL Congruence C. HyL Congruence
B. LA Congruence D. HyA Congruence
C.
7. Which of the following pair of congruent triangles are congruent by ASA?

A. C.

10 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics8_Module6_v2
 B. D.

8. What additional information will allow you to prove that the two triangles are congruent
by the HyL Theorem?
A. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷
B. m∠𝐵𝐶𝐸= 90
C. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸
D. ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐷

9. Can you use the SAS Postulate, the AAS Theorem, or both to prove that the two triangles
are congruent?
A. Either SAS or AAS C. AAS only
B. SAS only D. neither

10. What conclusion can you form from the statement “A, B, and C are colinear and B is the
midpoint.”
A. AC + AB = BC ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐵𝐶
C. 𝐴𝐶 ̅̅̅̅
B. 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅
D. 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐵𝐶̅̅̅̅

Geometric Construction

Geometric constructions are performed using only points, lines and circles. In many
constructions you will use only part of the circle (arc). You cannot use the graduation on your
ruler; you are to assume that the centimeter and the inch do not exist. A point is formed only
by the intersection of two lines, two arcs, or a line and an arc. Do not draw points so that they
have width, a point only has a location. All geometric constructions should be done in pencil
on blank bond paper.
Materials: compass, straight edge, short bond paper, #2 pencil
Direction: Construct a triangle: Use the AAS or SAA Congruence Theorem to construct a
second triangle congruent to the first. Write a paragraph to justify your steps.
Rubric for Construction
40 points Construction completed with a pencil showing
appropriately drawn intersections, lines and arcs.
30 points Construction completed with #2 pencil showing all
intersections, lines and arcs appropriately drawn with two
or less *minor errors.

11 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics8_Module6_v2
20 points Construction not completed with a pencil or construction
completed with a #2 pencil with more than two minor
errors or one **major error.
10 points Construction is not recognizable, or construction
completed without the use of a compass and/or
straightened.

* Minor Error
-Obvious free-hand extensions or arcs or lines
-Lines/arcs do not pass-through appropriate intersections
-Use of inappropriate intersection
-Compass or straightedge slippage

** Major Error
- Construction lines or arcs erased
-Inappropriate compass setting
-Arc or line drawn without the use of compass and/or straight edge

12 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics8_Module6_v2
NegOr_Q3_Mathematics8_Module6_v2 13
What I Know
1. SSS 2. AAS 3. LL 4. HL 5. ASA 6. LL
What’s More
Assessment
References
Books:
Abuzo, Emmanuel P., et. al. 2013. Mathematics 8 Learner's Module. Book Media Press, Inc.
Abuzo, Emmanuel P., et. al. 2013. Mathematics 8 Teacher's Guide. Book Media Press, Inc.

Websites:
Math Tutors. 2021. Triangle Congruence Postulates: SAS, ASA, SSS, AAS, HL. Accessed
December 16, 2021. https://tutors.com/math-tutors/geometry-help/triangle-
congruence-postulates.
Sierra, M. 2007. Disovering Geometry: An Inductive Approach.
Sparknotes LLC. n.d. Proving Congruence of Triangles. Accessed January 4, 2022.
https://www.sparknotes.com/math/geometry2/congruence/section2//.

14 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics8_Module6_v2
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: [email protected]
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net

15 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics8_Module6_v2