ICICC2020: International Conference on Innovative Computing and Communication

Automated Bird Detection and Repeller System Using IOT Devices: An

Insight from Indian Agriculture Perspective

Riyaa, Varsha KRb, Sonamsic, Diksha Jaind

a
Student, Indraprastha College for Women, University of Delhi,,Civil Lines, New Delhi-110054, India
b
Student, Indraprastha College for Women, University of Delhi,,Civil Lines, New Delhi-110054, India
c
Student,, Indraprastha College for Women, University of Delhi,,Civil Lines, New Delhi-110054, India
d
Assistant Professor, Indraprastha College for Women, University of Delhi,,Civil Lines, New Delhi-110054, India

Abstract: Agriculture plays a vital role in contributing to one-third of India's Gross Domestic Product and a significant part of the
country is relying upon it for their survival. The annual income of farmers is largely dependent upon the yield of crops that they produce,
which is continuously decreasing due to a number of factors and one such factor that we are focusing on is the damage caused by birds.
By taking into consideration the statistical survey of farmers on the percentage damage of crops due to birds, we would like to propose
the model and prototype of an automated bird detection and repeller system using IoT devices. This model consists of two main
functionality one is the motion detection using PIR(Passive Infrared) based motion detectors and the other part that is repeller that will
generate sounds of the predator which will drift the birds away from the field, using an MP3 module and megaphone. This model aims to
maximize the yield output and shows how IoT devices can help achieve this.

Keywords: IoT devices, motion detection, repeller, MP3 module

millet and sorghum as well as maize," stated the inter-ministerial report of

the Committee on Doubling Farmers Income (DFI) - Volume X titled
"Risk Management in Agriculture", released by the Ministry of
1. Introduction Agriculture. Mustard, pulses, peas, wheat and rice productions are largely
affected by crows, sparrows, pigeons and doves
In India, nearly 70 percent of rural households are dependent on Many traditional ways are used by farmers like white cloth banging,
agriculture for their livelihood.India is an agricultural country as it is erection of scarecrows, noise-making devices like crackers and carbide
completely dependent on the agricultural sector. The low productivity of guns with polythene bags, killing and catching birds. Many bird repellent
crops depends on various factors and one of the factors is the intervention chemicals like Trimethacarb, Methiocarb and Curb and poisonous
of birds population. Birds feed on grains, fruits, vegetables, insects and chemicals are also used. A survey was conducted to understand the
bugs which are available in extent in a crop field. While most cases these damage caused by birds and how effective the current techniques are to
birds are not a threat to crops as they mostly feed on pests and insects that stop this damage. The survey includes questions about the damage
feed on crops and help in the process of pollination that encourages a pattern. The analysis shows that 73% of the farmers considered damage
higher yield but they can also cause damage by disrupting the seeds while produced by birds a serious problem and 85% agree to the need for
searching for worms and insects or in case of the unavailability of modern and eco-friendly bird scaring techniques. More than 90% of the
insects.[5] Crops are at threat by birds in all stages of cultivation right farmers expressed that the damage percentage depends upon the crops and
from crop implementation to crop harvest. Damage caused by birds the season.[3]
depends on several factors which are the local population of birds,
cropping patterns and the area of the field.[6] "63 bird species of birds,
1,364, from 19 families that caused damage to several crops. A whopping
52 bird species attacked cereals, pulses got attacked by 14 bird species,
2. Literary Survey
while oilseeds faced damage risk by 15 species, and fruits by 23 species.
They also caused damage to the crops of smaller grains such as pearl We all are aware of the fact that no survival is possible without the

AUTHOR 1

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 ICICC2020: International Conference on Innovative Computing and Communication

agricultural sector and to fulfill each and everyone’s health and growth in 2. PIR Motion Detector Sensor: It detects any living being within
a country like India, which can only be done if our crops are harvested approximately 10m from the sensor. This is an average value, as the
well and are not destroyed for any reason. Many projects and researches actual detection range is between 5m to 12m. It consists of a
pyroelectric sensor that generates energy when exposed to heat means
have already been done to conquer the problem, one of the major
when a human or animal body will get in the range of the sensor it will
problems caused to the crops by birds. The research work done by
detect the movement because the human or the animal body emits heat
Azamjon, Yun Chan, Daeyoung Na, Cheolwon Lee and Heung Seok Jeon
energy in the form of infrared radiation. The second element of PIR
[4] was on the topic to keep away the birds from destroying crops and out sensor is Fresnel lens which provides a field view of less than 180
of many solutions, the solution used by them was the solar-powered bird degrees. So, this will help us in detecting the entry of birds in the crop
repeller system with the effective bird scarer sound which utilizes the field.
solar energy to generate loud noises to shock the birds and other species 3. MicroSD Card: It is a type of removable flash memory card used for
and cause them to flee away from that area. It is very eco-friendly and a storing information. This card will contain the recorded voices of
great idea but solar power is not long-lasting and requires daily solar predators like eagles, falcons, owls etc.
recharges, while the area which lags good sunny weather would not be 4. MP3 Module: It is a portable consumer electronic device that allows
you to store and play audio files in MP3 format. The MicroSD card
benefitted from this method. So, as we know research are never perfect
will be inserted into the MP3 module, the module will read the audio
and hence there is always a scope for improvement, therefore we have from it and it will help in controlling the volume of the sound
tried to cover the above con of the research and used IoT in our research produced.
as IoT makes things technologically easier and more long-lasting. 5. Audio Amplifier: This device will help in amplifying the signals
The research work done by P. Rama Rao and GugulothDevilal proposed received from MP3 module to make it louder.
that food is the most important requirement for living beings. The main 6. Megaphone or any other sound-emitting device: The amplified
signals will be sent through this megaphone at 15W or more according
products of our food comes directly or indirectly from agriculture.
to the field area if the agricultural tract is area wise large then we need
Nowadays, the security of the agricultural field is very important. Crop
to increase the watt and vice-versa.
damage by birds is a severe problem in most of the areas all over India. 7. External Battery: Required for charging up purposes
Field surveys showed that on an average 36% of the crop were damaged
by wild birds. Birds are falling on crop and eating it. Every animal or The prototype of the proposed model is as shown in Fig. 1.
group of animals have a specific range of hearing frequencies. Their
irritating frequency is estimated by a specific logic. For developing this As soon as the bird reaches into the radius of the PIR sensor, it generates a
project they used Arduino, APR900, IR, and buzzer which came up to be PIR activation and sends the signals to the MP3 module which in turn
a good idea and further this can be developed on large scale and generates the sounds of predator and gets it amplified and produced by the
specifically focusing on birds to get rid of the 36% problem causing connected megaphone.
reasons.[1]

3. Proposed Model

The main goal of this model is to drift away from the birds from
damaging the crop yield of farmers during the harvesting season. Our
model will be erected on the center of the field track on a raised platform
and it can cover the birds entering the field within the radius of 12m
approximately. So, if we use many PIR sensors in series then we can
cover a large hectare of field. This model is based on the emerging
technology of the Internet of Things (IoT) which has clearly been a
breakthrough in providing solutions to cater to the needs of the people. It
has clearly been able to connect real-life objects, humans and animals
with the world of the Internet. This model performs two main
functionality that is motion detection and sound emission to scare away
the birds. The components of the model are:
1. Wemos D1: The Wemos D1 is a ESP8266 WiFi based board that uses
the Arduino layout with an operating voltage of 3.3V. The program for
detection and repeller actions will be loaded into this board.
Fig 1 - Bird Detection and Repeller Diagram

AUTHOR 2

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 ICICC2020: International Conference on Innovative Computing and Communication

5. Future Scope

In our proposed model we are collecting the data of output of PIR sensors,
we can use this data to further analyze and improve the model. Secondly,
we can be set up this model on a large scale with the help of the
interconnection of various such models. After more research in this field,
we can install better sound variants that can scare the bird from entering
the field. We have various scope of improvement in our model like using
better motion detection sensors which specifically detect birds and usage
of display image processing monitor that will show the pictures of
predators and will be helpful in drifting away from the birds.

Acknowledgements

With profundity of complacency, we pronounce our deep sense of

indebtedness and gratitude to Mrs. Diksha Jain Ma'am for resolute
guidance, unwavering encouragement, constructive criticism,
tremendous enthusiasm and meticulous supervision throughout our
research work.

REFERENCES

1 GugulothDevilal and P. Rana Rao (2018), Protecting Birds From

Birds, Using Sound Technology In Agriculture
2. Sheela. S, Shiaram. K. R , Chaitra U, Kshama. P, Sneha K.G.
,Supriya K.S (2016), Low Cost Alert System for Monitoring the
Wildlife from Entering the Human Populated Areas Using IoT
Devices
Fig 2 - Flowchart of the proposed model 3 ManojKalr, Berit Balfors, UlaaMortberg, Prosun Bhattacharya and
Sanjay Chakane (2011), Damage to the Agricultural Yield due to
Birds, Present Repelling Techniques and its Impact: An Insight
from the Indian Perspective
4. Conclusion 4 AzamjonMuminov, Daeyoung Na, Yun Chan Jeon, Cheolwon Lee
and Heung Seok Jeon (2017), Development of a solar powered
This proposed model is a cost-effective, reliable and simply bird repeller system with effective bird
understandable solution. This approach of using IoT devices believes that scarersounds, International Conference on Information Science
problems like protection of crops from birds and many such related and Communications Technologies (ICISCT)
problems can be solved under this area of interest, hence broadening the 5 SFGate Birds & Growing Vegetables
horizon of researchers to bring on effective implementable ideas or (https://homeguides.sfgate.com/birds-growing-vegetables-22564.html)
solutions for different problems similar to this. Lastly, we conclude by 6.
stating the advantages of our model, automated detection and repeller DownToEarth(https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/agriculture/bi
techniques, no man-force needed. rds-impacting-agricultural-crops-a-major-concern-64588)

AUTHOR 3

Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3563395