1.

PROBLEM
Determine the vertical asymptotes for
𝑥8 + 𝑥 + 1
𝑓 (𝑥) = 8
(𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 8 − 6𝑥 + 8)

Solution:
𝑥8 + 𝑥 + 1
𝑦=
(𝑥 8 + 1) (𝑥 8 − 6𝑥 + 8)
𝑥8 + 𝑥 + 1
𝑦= 8
(𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 − 2) (𝑥 − 4)
To obtain a vertical asymptote, determine any value that will
make the denominator equal to zero.
x=2 x=4
(8)N O8OP S
𝑦 = (8OP)N (8Q8) (8QR)
=
T

(4)8 + 2 + 1 19
𝑦 = =
((4)8 + 1) (4 − 2) (4 − 4) 0
Therefore, the lines. x = 2 and x = 4 are the vertical asymptotes.
2. PROBLEM
If a quantity increases by 0.10% of its current value every 0.1 sec,
the doubling time is most nearly equal to.

Solution:
Let n = no. of elapsed period of 0.1 sec
𝑦W = 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦T = 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠

The initial quantity

𝑦P = 1.001𝑦T
𝑦8 = 1.001𝑦P
𝑦8 = 1.001(1.001)𝑦T
𝑦8 = (1.001)𝑦T

By induction:
𝑦W = (1.001)W 𝑦T

For doubling of the original quantity.

2𝑦T = 𝑦W
2𝑦T = (1.001)W 𝑦T
2 = (1.001)W

log2 = n log (1.001)

n = 693.5
Since its period is 0.1 sec.
t = n (0.1)
t = 693.5 (0.1)
t = 69.35 sec.
3. PROBLEM
The function V(r) = 2.5r can be used to estimate the maximum safe velocity
V in kilometers per hour at which a car can travel if it is driven along a curved
road. Find the max. safe speed if a clover leaf exit on an expressway has a
radius of curvature of 300 meters.

Solution:
V(r) = 2.5r
V(r) = 2.5(300)
V(r) = 27.4 kph
4. PROBLEM
A right circular cone having a radius r and a height of h. If the radius of a cone
is increased by 2.7% and its height reduced by 0.9%, determine the
approximate percentage change in volume.

Solution:
V1 = π r2 h
V2 = π(1.027r)2(0.991h)
V2 = π(1.045)r2 h
V2 = 1.045V1
Approximate percentage change in volume = 4.5%
5. PROBLEM
The cost C to produce x sim cards is C = 100 + 20x. The sim cards are sold
wholesale for P24 each, so revenue R is given by R = 24x. Find how many
sim cards the manufacturer needs to produce and sell to break even.

Solution:
C = 100 + 20x
R = 24x
R = C(24)
24x = (100 + 20x)
4x = 100
x = 25 sim cards
6. PROBLEM
A rectangle has its length equal to (5x + 2) millimeters, find its width if it has
an area of (15x2 – 29x – 14) square millimeters.

Solution:
A = LW
15x 2 - 29x - 14 = (5x + 2)W
15x 2 - 29x - 14
W=
5x + 2
(3x - 7)(5x + 2)
W=
(5x + 2)
W = (3x - 7) in.
7. PROBLEM
Escape velocity is the minimum speed that an object must reach to escape
the pull of a planet’s gravity. Escape velocity v is given by the equation
2Gm
v=
r , where m is the mass of the planet, r is its radius, and G is the
universal gravitational constant, which has a value of G = 6.67 x 10-11
m3/kg•s2. The mass of Earth is 5.97 x 1024 kg, and its radius is 6.37 x 106 m.
Use this information to find the escape velocity for Earth in meters per second.

Solution:
2Gm
V=
r
2(6.67) x 10 -11 (5.97) x 10 24
V=
6.37 x 10 6
V = 11181.38 m / s
8. PROBLEM
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming.
Partially due to the combustion of fossil fuel, the amount of CO2 in Earth’s
atmosphere has been increasing by 0.5% annually over the past century. In
2000, the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere was 369.4 parts per million
by volume. To make the following predictions, use y = 369.4(1.005)t where y
is the concentration of CO2 in parts per million by volume and t is the number
of years after 2000.
Predict the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere in the year 2015.

Solution:
g = 369.4(1.005)t
g = 369.4(1.005)15
g = 398.10
9. PROBLEM
A cube has a volume of 27,000 cm3. The cube is cut by a plane containing
two diagonally opposite edges of the cube. Find the area of the section thus
formed in sq.cm.
30
Solution: 30 30√2
V = 27000
x3 = 27000 30

x = 30
Area of section formed:
A = 30 2 (30)
A = 1273 cm2
10. PROBLEM
The surface area of a sphere is 900π sq.cm. What is the ratio of the area of
ozone of the second segment to that of the first if the altitude of the first
segment is 6 cm?
6
Solution:
Area of zone = 2π r h R=2
2π r (24)
Ratio = 2π r (6) 24

Ratio = 4
Ratio is 4:1
11. PROBLEM
The surface area of a sphere is 900π sq.cm. If the volume of water in the tank
is 1470.265 cu.cm, determine the depth of water in the tank.

Solution:
A = 4π r2
900π = 4π r2
r = 15
π h2 R=15
V = 3 (3R - h)

π h2
1470.265 = 3 [(3)(15) - h] h

Try h = 6
π (6)2
V = 3 [3(15) - 6]

V = 1470.265
Use h = 6 cm.
12. PROBLEM
A lot has a frontage of 120 m. long along a road. The other sides which are
both perpendicular to the road are 90 m. and 60 m. respectively. It is desired
to subdivide the lot into two parts by another perpendicular line to the road
such that the area of the lot that adjoins the 90 m. side is equal to 1/3 of the
whole area. Determine the length of the dividing line.

Solution:
b1=60

nb12 + mb22
x=
m+n
m=2
2 2
1(60) + 2(90)
x=
2+1 120
x
x = 81.24 m.
n=1

b2=90
13. PROBLEM
A square section ABCD has one of its sides equal to “a”. Point E is inside the
square forming an equilateral triangle BEC having one side equal to the side
of the square. Compute the value of angle DEC.

a
Solution: A
θ
D
75˚ E 75˚
2q + 30˚ = 180 75˚ 75˚
60˚
q = 75˚
a a
Angle DEC = 75˚ a

30˚ 30˚
60˚ 60˚
B a C
14. PROBLEM
What is the ratio of the area to the perimeter of an ellipse 9x2 + 25y2 = 225?

Solution:
9x 2 + 25y 2 = 225
x2 y2
+ =1
25 9
a=5
b=3
A = πab
A = π(5)(3) = 15π
a 2 + b2
Perimeter = 2π
2
25 + 9
Perimeter = 2π
2
Perimeter = 8.246 π
15π
Ratio = = 1.82
8.246π
15. PROBLEM
An ellipse has an eccentricity of 1/3 and the distance between the foci is equal
to 4. Compute the length of the latus rectum.

Solution:
2c = 4
c=2
c=ae
⎛ 1⎞
2 = a⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3⎠
a=6
a 2 = b2 + c 2
(6)2 = b 2 + (2)2
b 2 = 32
2b 2
L=
a
2(32)
L= = 10.67
6
16. PROBLEM
Find the slope of the tangent line to the graph of f(x) = sin x at
g R
𝑥= and 𝑥 = 𝜋
8 h

slope of line = 0
y (π/2, 1)

Solution: 4/π
3
y = sin x x
π/2

𝜋
𝐴𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜
2
4𝜋
𝐴𝑡 :
3
y = sin x
slope m = cos x
cos 4𝜋
𝑚 =
3
1
𝑚 = −
2
17. PROBLEM
A particle moves according to the parametric equations x = t3 and y = 2t2, where t is in
seconds and x and y are in meters. What is the distance covered by the particle when
t = 2 sec.?

Solution:
x = t3 y = 2t 2
dx dy
= 3t 2 = 4t
dt dt
dx = 3t 2 dt dy = 4t dt
dS = (dx)2 + (dy)2
dS = (3t 2 dt)2 + (4t dt)2
dS = 9t 4 + 16t 2 dt
dS = 9t 2 + 16 tdt
1
S=
18 ∫ (9t 2 + 16)1/2 18t dt
t
⎡1 (9t 2 + 16)3/2 ⎤
S = ⎢ (2) ⎥
⎣ 18 3 ⎦0
1 ⎡ 2 3/2 ⎤
t
S= (9t + 16) ⎦
27 ⎣ 0

when t = 2 sec.
1 ⎧⎡
S = ⎨ ⎣(9)(2) + 16 ⎦ - (0 + 16)3/2 ⎫⎬
3/2
2 ⎤
27 ⎩ ⎭
1 ⎡
S= ⎣ (36 + 16)3/2 - (16)3/2 ⎤⎦
27
S = 11.5177 m
18. PROBLEM
3 3
Differentiate y = 9 x + 4 x .

Solution:

y = 9 3 x + 4 x3
y = 9x1/3 + 4x 3/2
9 4(3) 1/2
y' = x -2/3 + x
3 2
y' = 3x -2 / 3 + 6x 1/2
19. PROBLEM
Find the area enclosed by the curve x2 + 8y + 16 = 0, the y-axis and the line
passing through (0, 0) and intersecting the line x = 4.

Solution:
x =4 y
10
y= (4, 10/3)
3
dx
x 2 + 8y + 16 = 0
x 2 = - 8y - 16 x
y
2
x = - 8(y + 2) x=4
y = kx
10
= k(4)
3
x2+8y+16y=0
5
k=
6
5
y= x
6
x2
A = ∫ ydx
x1

⎡⎛ 5 ⎞ ⎛ - x 2 - 16 ⎞ ⎤
4
A = ∫ ⎢⎜ x ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ dx
0 ⎝ 6 ⎠
⎢⎣ ⎝ 8 ⎠ ⎥⎦
A =-4
A=4
20. PROBLEM
Samsung, a computer chip manufacturer, has found that only 1 out of 2000
chips is defective. A certain company ordered a shipment of chips. How many
chips will the company order before the probability that at least one chip is
defective is 45%.

Solution:
Probability that a chip is defective :
1
P= = 0.0005
2000
Probability that none is defective:
P = 1 – 0.0005
P = 0.9995

Probability that no chips are defective:

P = (0.9995)n

Probability that at least one chip is defective is 45%:

1 – (0.9995)n = 0.45
(0.9995)n = 0.55
n = 1195

No. of chips that the company can order before the probability that at least
one chip is defective reaches 45%:
No. of chips = 1195 – 1
No. of chips = 1194
21. PROBLEM
A particle moves on a horizontal line according to the position
function S(t) = - t2 + 4t + 3, where S is measured in meters and t
in seconds. What is the position of the particle at 0 seconds and 6
seconds?

Solution:
S (t) = - t2 + 4t + 3
when t = 0 sec.
S (0) = 0 + 0 + 3
S (0) = 3
when t = 6 sec.
S (6) = - (6) 2 + 4(6) + 3
S (6) = - 36 + 24 + 3 = - 9
22. PROBLEM
The San Miguel Corporation is considering to manufacture a new product
where an equipment costing 100,000 must be installed which will have a life
of 8 years. Salvage value of the machine at the end of its expected life is
P12,000. Compute the capitalized cost of the machine if the minimum
attractive rate of return is 12% per annum.

Solution:

(FC - SV) O.C.

Capitalized cost = + FC +
(1 + i)n - 1 i
(100,000 - 12,000)
Capitalized cost = 8
+ 100,000 + 0
(1.12) - 1
Capitalized cost = P159,622.08
23. PROBLEM
An object moves on a horizontal line according to the position
function S (t) = t4 – 18t2 + 25 where S is measured in centimeters
and t in seconds. Determine the velocity and acceleration during
the interval [-4, 4].

Solution:
S(t) = t4 – 18t2 + 25

dS
= 4t 3 - 36t
dt
V = 4(t)3 – 36t
when t = - 4
V = 4(- 4)3 – 36(- 4)
V = - 112 cm/sec

dV
= 12t 2 - 36
dt
a = 12t2 – 36
a = 12(- 4)2 – 36
a = 156 cm/sec2
24. PROBLEM
The quantity of a product that consumers purchase depends on its price, with
higher prices leading to fewer sales. The table below shows the price of a
video and the quantity of that video sold on a weekly basis in a store.

x(Price of the video) y(No. of videos sold weekly)

$18 527
$25 435

Assuming that as price increases, the number sold weekly decreases

steadily, use the linear function y = mx + b. In the context of the data, find the
number of videos that will be sold by the store on a weekly basis for every $1
increase in the price of the video.

Solution:
y = mx + b
526 = m(18)+ b
435 = m(25) + b
91 = - 7 m
m = - 13
526 = - 13(18) + b
b = 760
y = - 13x + 760
Observe that the slope is – 13. In the context of the data, this means that for
every $1 increase in the price of the video, 13 fewer videos will be sold by
the store on a weekly basis.
25. PROBLEM
Find any points of inflection of f (x) = 5x – (x – 4)1/3.

Solution:

y = 5x - (x - 4)1/3
1
y' = 5 - (x - 4)−2/3
3
1⎛ - 2⎞
y" = - ⎜ ⎟ (x - 4)−5/3 = 0
3⎝ 3 ⎠
when x = 4 y” = 0
Therefore x = 4
y = 5(4) – (0)1/3
y = 20
Point of inflection is (4, 20).
26. PROBLEM
Find two non-negative numbers whose sum is 15 such that the
product of one with the square of the other is maximum.

Solution:

x = one of the numbers

15 – x = other number
P = x(15 – x)2
dP
= x(2)(15 - x)(- 1) + (15 - x)2
dx
2x(15 – x) = (15 – x)2
2x = 15 – x
3x = 15
x=5
15 – x = 10
The numbers are (5 and 10).
27. PROBLEM
There is a wind of 35 mph from 320˚. Find the airspeed and heading in order
than the ground speed and course be 250 mph and 50˚ respectively.

Solution: N
35
tan θ = heading
250 50o 
θ = 8˚
Heading = 50˚ - 8˚ = 42˚ d
pee
n ds 
Airspeed = (250)2 + (35)2 u
50o
gro
Airspeed = 252 mph 0
25
airspeed

35 mph
320o
wind
28. PROBLEM
The corresponding diagonals of two similar polygons have lengths 4 and 5. If
the area of the larger polygon is 75, find the area of the smaller polygon.

Solution:
d1 = 4 d2 = 5 A2 = 75
2
A1 ⎛ d1 ⎞
=⎜ ⎟
A 2 ⎝ d2 ⎠
A1 (4)2
=
75 (5)2
A = 48
29. PROBLEM
A cyclic quadrilateral ABCD has its angle BCD = 120˚ and arc BC = 70˚.
Determine the value of arc CD in degrees.

Solution:
C
o

B 120˚
120

120˚120 o

60˚
o
60

For cyclic quadrilateral:

∠BAD + 120˚ = 180˚
∠BAD = 60˚

Arc BCD = 120˚

! + Arc CD
Arc BC " = 120˚
" = 120˚
70˚ + Arc CD
" = 50˚
Arc CD
30. PROBLEM
A company determines that in the production of x units of a
commodity its revenue function R(x) = - 3x2 + 970x. Find the
revenue gained from the production of the forty-first unit.
Approximate this value by means of the marginal revenue.

Solution:

R(x) = - 3x 2 + 970x
R(40) = - 3(40)2 + 970(40)
R(40) = 3400
R(41) = - 3(41)2 + 970(41)
R(41) = 34727
Revenue gained from production
of the forty-first unit:
R = 34727 - 34000
R = 727 units of dollars.
31. PROBLEM
A ship is sailing due east when a light is observed having a bearing of
N.62˚10’E. After the ship has traveled 2250 m, the light bears N.48˚25’E. If
the course is continued, how close will the ship approach the light?

Solution:

N Light
C

13o 45’

62o 10’ h
48o 25’
138o 25’
27o 50’
Ship
A 2250 B

Using Sine Law for triangle ABC.

AC 2250
=
Sin 138˚25' Sin 13˚45'
AC = 6282.85
h = 6282.85 Sin 27˚50'
h = 2934 m.
32. PROBLEM
Find a function y = f(x) whose graph passes through the point
dy
= 3x 2 - 3
(1,2) that also satisfies the differential equation dx

Solution:

y = ∫ (3x 2 - 3) dx
3x 3
y= - 3x + c
3
y = x 3 - 3x + c
(2) = (1)3 - 3(1) + c
c=4
y = x 3 - 3x + 4
33. PROBLEM
Find the smallest positive angle between the pair of vectors <-3, 2 >, < 4, 5 >

Solution:
A = < - 3, 2>
B = <4, 5>
Angle between vectors A and B:
A •B
Cos θ =
AB
A • B = - 3(4) + 2(5)
A •B=-2
A = (- 3)2+ (2)2
A = 13

B = (4)2+ (5)2
B = 41
A •B −2
Cos θ = =
AB 13 41
θ = 94.97˚