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CISC Vs RISC

A microcontroller is a small computer contained on a single integrated circuit chip. It contains a CPU, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. Microcontrollers are commonly used as embedded systems in devices like automobiles, appliances, and computer peripherals. Some major microcontroller manufacturers include ARM, Microchip Technology, Cypress Semiconductor, Intel, STMicroelectronics, and Texas Instruments. Microcontrollers are self-contained systems that act as the central controlling element in embedded systems.

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13 views

CISC Vs RISC

A microcontroller is a small computer contained on a single integrated circuit chip. It contains a CPU, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. Microcontrollers are commonly used as embedded systems in devices like automobiles, appliances, and computer peripherals. Some major microcontroller manufacturers include ARM, Microchip Technology, Cypress Semiconductor, Intel, STMicroelectronics, and Texas Instruments. Microcontrollers are self-contained systems that act as the central controlling element in embedded systems.

Uploaded by

JM
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A microcontroller (MC, UC, or μC) or microcontroller unit (MCU) is a small computer on a

single integrated circuit.

A microcontroller contains one or more CPUs (processor cores) along with memory and
programmable input/output peripherals.

In modern terminology, a microcontroller is similar to, but less sophisticated than, a system
on a chip (SoC). An SoC may include a microcontroller as one of its components, but usually
integrates it with advanced peripherals like a graphics processing unit (GPU), a Wi-Fi
module, or one or more coprocessors.

The first multi-chip microprocessors, the Four-Phase Systems AL1 in 1969 and the Garrett
AiResearch MP944 in 1970, were developed with multiple MOS LSI chips.

A microcontroller can be considered a self-contained system with a processor, memory and


peripherals and can be used as an embedded system.

The majority of microcontrollers in use today are embedded in other machinery, such as
automobiles, telephones, appliances, and peripherals for computer systems.

Today, some of the famous Microcontroller manufacturers are:

 ARM core processors


 Microchip Technology Atmel AVR
 Cypress Semiconductor's M8C core used in their PSoC (Programmable System-on-
Chip)
 Intel 8051 / 8051 Series
 Microchip Technology PIC
 STMicroelectronics
 Texas Instruments and many more.

Department of Electronics – D. B. College, Keezhoor


CISC v/s RISC

Complex Instruction Set Computing Reduced Instruction Set Computing


(CISC) Architecture (RISC) Architecture

More Hardware Complexity More Compiler Complexity

Eg: Most Microprocessors (Eg: Intel Pentium Eg: Most Mobile Processors (Eg:
3) Snapdragon Series)

Mainly in computers Mainly in smart units / embedded systems


(smartphones, tablets, smartwatches etc)

Centre of a computer system Centre of an embedded system

Memory and I/O components are external to Memory and I/O components are internal to
it. it.

Large Circuit Smaller Circuit

Not compatible with compact systems Compatible with compact systems

Higher cost Lower cost

Higher Power Consumption Lower Power Consumption

Not many power saving features Has many power saving features

Less number of registers. More number of registers.

Follows Von Neumann model Follows Harvard architecture

RAM, ROM, and other peripherals are RAM, ROM, and other peripherals
external to processor (on motherboard)

Department of Electronics – D. B. College, Keezhoor


are present (on the RISC chip /
microcontroller IC itself)

Has a large number of instructions Less than 30-50 instructions in most cases

For multi-tasking application For very fast, single process applications

Eg: intel 8085 Eg: intel 8051, PIC, ARM, etc

EMBEDDED SYSTEM

An embedded system is a system in which the computer (generally a microcontroller) is


included as an integral part of the system.

Often, the computer is relatively invisible to the user, without obvious applications, files, or
operating systems. Examples of products with invisible embedded systems are the controller
that runs a microwave oven or the engine control system of a modern automobile.

It is a combination of computer hardware and software designed for a specific function.

Embedded systems range in size from portable personal devices such as digital watches and
MP3 players to bigger machines like home appliances, industrial assembly lines, robots,
transport vehicles, traffic light controllers, and medical imaging systems. Often they
constitute subsystems of other machines like avionics in aircraft and astrionics in spacecraft.
Large installations like factories, pipelines and electrical grids rely on multiple embedded
systems networked together. Generalized through software customization, embedded systems
such as programmable logic controllers frequently comprise their functional units.

Department of Electronics – D. B. College, Keezhoor

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