Scribd
Upload
38 views

Assignment 5

1. The document provides problems and equations related to partial differential equations (PDEs), including the wave equation, heat equation, and elliptic equation. 2. It defines the superposition principle for linear PDEs and gives the general solution of the 1D wave equation and heat equation with specified boundary and initial conditions. 3. The problems ask the student to use these equations to determine properties of vibrating strings and heat distribution over time in bars with different initial shapes and boundary temperatures.

Uploaded by

aayush.5.parashar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
38 views

Assignment 5

1. The document provides problems and equations related to partial differential equations (PDEs), including the wave equation, heat equation, and elliptic equation. 2. It defines the superposition principle for linear PDEs and gives the general solution of the 1D wave equation and heat equation with specified boundary and initial conditions. 3. The problems ask the student to use these equations to determine properties of vibrating strings and heat distribution over time in bars with different initial shapes and boundary temperatures.

Uploaded by

aayush.5.parashar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

1

Assignment 5 on Part C
Partial Differential Equations (MA20103)

For convenience of the students, I have listed the superposition principle, wave equation
and elliptic equation at the end of the below problems to avoid the confusion related to
notations.

1. (a) Find the periodicity of the function f (x) = x − [x].


(b) Verify whether the superposition principle for

∂u ∂u
+u =0
∂t ∂x
is satisfied or not? If not, then specify the reason.
(c) The ends of a stretched string of length L = 1 are fixed at x = 0 and x = 1. The
string is set to vibrate from rest by releasing it from an initial triangular shape
modelled by the function

3x 1
f (x) = if 0 ≤ x ≤ ,
10 3
3(1 − x) 1
= if ≤ x ≤ 1.
20 3

Determine the subsequent motion of the string, given that c = π1 .

2. (a) Show that if a string with initial shape f (x) = sin mπx
L for 0 < x < L is set to
vibrate from rest, then its vibrations are given by the mth mode.
(b) Use d’Alembert’s principle to verify whether the solution is same as question
2(a).

3. (a) A thin bar of length π units is placed in boiling water (temperature 100◦ C). After
reaching 100◦ C throughout, the bar is removed from the boiling water. With
the lateral sides kept insulated, suddenly, at time t = 0, the ends are immeresed
in a medium with constant freezing temperature 0◦ C. Find the temperature
distribution u(x, t) for t > 0.
(b) Solve the boundary value problems

∂u ∂ 2 u
− 2 = 0 in 0 < x < π, t > 0
∂t ∂x
u(0, t) = 0 and u(π, t) = 0 for all t > 0
u(x, 0) = f (x) for 0 < x < π,

where

π
f (x) = 33x if 0 < x ≤ ,
2
π
= 33(π − x) if ≤ x < π.
2
2

Appendix

Superposition principle: If u1 and u2 are the solutions of a linear homogeneous


PDEs, then any linear combination u = c1 u1 + c2 u2 , where c1 and c2 are constants, is also
a solution. If in addition, u1 and u2 satisfy a linear homogeneous boundary condition, then
so will u = c1 u1 + c2 u2 .
Wave equations: The solution of the one dimensional wave equation

∂2u 2
2∂ u
= c for 0 < x < L, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
with boundary conditions

u(0, t) = 0 and u(L, t) = 0 for all t > 0


and initial conditions

∂u
u(x, 0) = f (x) and (x, 0) = g(x) for 0 < x < L
∂t
is

∞
X nπx
u(x, t) = sin (bn cos λn t + b∗n sin λn t) , (1)
L
n=1

where

Z L Z L
2 nπx 2 nπx
bn = f (x) sin dx, b∗n = g(x) sin dx (2)
L 0 L cnπ 0 L

and

nπ
λn = c , n = 1, 2, ... (3)
L
Heat equations: The solution of the one dimensional heat equation (boundary value
problem)

∂u ∂2u
− c2 2 = 0 in 0 < x < L, t > 0,
∂t ∂x
u(0, t) = 0 and u(L, t) = 0 for all t > 0,
u(x, 0) = f (x) for 0 < x < L

is

∞
X 2 nπ
u(x, t) = bn e−λn t sin x, (4)
L
n=1

where
Z L
2 nπ nπ
bn = f (x) sin x dx, λn = c , n = 1, 2, ... (5)
L 0 L L

You might also like