The Numbers which are used for
counting purpose are called
Natural Numbers.
It is represented as “N”
i.e..
1,2,3,4,5,6,…………….
Natural Numbers including Zero
are called Whole Numbers.
It is represented as “W”
i.e.
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ……………
Whole numbers include natural numbers that
begin from 1 onwards.
The number which comes just before a particular
number is called its predecessor.
The predecessor of a whole number is one less
than the given number.
Example : The predecessor of 1 is 0; predecessor
of 2 is 1; predecessor of 3 is 2 and so on.
Note : The whole number 0 does not have any
predecessor.
The number which comes immediately after a
particular number is called its successor.
The successor of a whole number is the
number obtained by adding 1 to it.
Example : The successor of 0 is 1; successor of
1 is 2; successor of 2 is 3 and so on.
The difference between Predecessor and
Successor of a number is 2.
A number line starting from 0 (Zero) and
marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, …… at equal
distances on the right hand side of 0 is called
a number line representing whole numbers.
➢ Addition of 3 and 4 is as follows:
➢ Start from 3, we add 4 to 3.
We make 4 jumps to the right on the number
line, then we will reach at 7.
So, 3 + 4 = 7.
Subtraction of 5 from 7 is as follows
Start from 7, we subtract 5 from 7. We make
5 jumps to the left on the number line, then
we will reach at 2.
So, 7 – 5 = 2.
Multiplication of 2 and 3 is as follows
Start from 0, move 2 units to the right each
time, making 3 such moves. We will reach 6.
So, 2 x 3 = 6.
The property of whole number includes:
1) Closure for addition and multiplication.
2) Commutative property for addition and
multiplication.
3) Associative property for addition and
multiplication.
4) Distributive property of multiplication over
addition.
5) Identity for addition and multiplication.
Whole Numbers are closed under addition
and multiplication.
i.e.,
if x and y are two whole numbers then x . y
and x+y are also a whole numbers.
Example :
3 + 5 = 8 ( Whole number )
3 x 5 = 15 ( Whole number )
The sum and product of two whole numbers will
be the same whatever the order they are added
or multiplied in,
i.e.,
if x and y are two whole numbers
x+y = y+x
and
x.y = y.x
Example :
3+5=5+3
3x5 =5x3
When whole numbers are being added or
multiplied as a set, they can be grouped in any
order, and the result will be the same,
i.e.
if x, y and z are whole numbers then
x+(y+z) = (x+y)+z
and
x.(y.z) = (x.y).z
Example :
3 + ( 5+ 8 ) = ( 3+5 ) + 8
3x(5x8)=(3x5)x8
If x,y and z are three whole numbers,
the distributive property of multiplication over
addition is x.
i.e. x(y+z) = (x.y) + (x.z),
the distributive property of multiplication over
subtraction is x.
i.e. x(y-z) = (x.y) - (x.z)
Example :
3x(5+8)=(3x5)+(3x8)
3x(5-8)=(3x5)-(3x8)
Additive identity
When a whole number is added to 0, its value
remains unchanged,
i.e., if x is a whole number then
x+0 = 0+x = x
Multiplicative identity
When a whole number is multiplied by 1, its value
remains unchanged,
i.e., if x is a whole number then
x.1 = x = 1.x
Multiplication by zero
When a whole number is multiplied to 0, the
result is always 0, i.e., x.0=0.x=0
Division by zero
Division of a whole number by 0 is not
defined, i.e., if x is a whole number then x/0
is not defined.
Thank You
